| 1. |
- Fernell, Elisabeth, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Epidemiology of infantile hydrocephalus in Sweden: a clinical follow-up study in children born at term.
- 1988
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Ingår i: Neuropediatrics. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 0174-304X .- 1439-1899. ; 19:3, s. 135-142
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The long-term outcome of infantile hydrocephalus (IH) in children born at term during a period of active shunt treatment was studied in a population-based survey. The series consisted of 68 children greater than or equal to 6 years old and born in 1967-78 in the south-western Swedish health care region. The clinical follow-up included neuro-paediatric assessment, Stott's test of motor impairment, the WISC test, CT and EEG analyses. Nineteen of the 68 children (28%) had cerebral palsy, 17 (25%) minor motor dysfunction and 32 (47%) no motor dysfunction; mental retardation was present in 26 (38%), 16 with an IQ 50-70 and 10 with IQ less than 50; 42 children (62%) had normal intelligence and epilepsy was found in 15 (22%). Compared with a non-shunted IH series from the 1950s, the survival of IH children had considerably increased. Of constituents characterizing the IH syndrome from the time prior to shunting, ataxia, divergent squint and the special "Cocktail-party behaviour" had significantly decreased, all of which conditions are highly related to chronic expansion of the ventricular system. The frequencies of other impairments such as mental retardation and epilepsy were fairly similar, reflecting the present increased survival of IH children with primarily non-IH-dependent brain damage. IH children with associated brain parenchymal defects had the poorest outcome, and those without had in general a much more favourable one. Thus the single most important factor for the outcome of IH was found to be the presence or absence of associated primary brain damage or maldevelopment.
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| 2. |
- Fernell, Elisabeth, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Epidemiology of infantile hydrocephalus in Sweden. Current aspects of the outcome in preterm infants.
- 1988
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Ingår i: Neuropediatrics. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 0174-304X .- 1439-1899. ; 19:3, s. 143-145
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The outcome in a population-based series of 61 Swedish preterm infants born in 1967-82 with infantile hydrocephalus (IH) was investigated. Sixteen (26%) died before the age of two years. The available information was updated when the 45 surviving children were at least four years and six months old. A structured follow-up examination was performed in the 13 children who had passed the age of six years. Among the 45 survivors, 47% had cerebral palsy, 51% mental retardation and 33% epilepsy. The overall outcome for preterm infants with IH was found to be poorer than that for fullterm ones. Prognostic factors correlating to a poor outcome were an obvious origin of IH (pre- or perinatal) and a gestational age of less than 28 weeks. It is concluded that handicapped IH children born very or extremely prematurely constitute a new, and to a large extent severely brain-damaged group that has entered the Swedish IH panorama since the end of the 1970s.
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| 3. |
- Hagberg, Gudrun, 1924, et al.
(författare)
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Epidemiology of infantile hydrocephalus in Sweden. Reduced optimality in prepartum, partum and postpartum conditions. A case-control study.
- 1988
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Ingår i: Neuropediatrics. - : Georg Thieme Verlag KG. - 0174-304X .- 1439-1899. ; 19:1, s. 16-23
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The optimality concept developed by Prechtl was adopted to investigate a population-based series of infantile hydrocephalus (IH). The results were compared with those from a control series of newborns. The case series comprised 128 IH children born at term and 50 born preterm, and the control series 269 and 176, respectively. Cases with a prenatal cause of IH, as compared with those with a perinatal cause and controls, had significantly increased risk of IH by reduced optimality in the prepartum period. Peaks in the flow of non-optimal items in the prenatal group were repeated abortions or perinatal death in previous pregnancies, maternal disorder and twin birth. The profile of reduced optimality in term IH cases of undefined cause was similar to that of term cases with a prenatal cause. All IH cases had significantly increased reduced optimality in the postpartum period compared with controls. The increase was massive in cases where IH was of perinatal cause, with peaks in items of acidosis, apnea, respiratory treatment, infection and cerebral irritation. Reduced optimality in partum conditions did not discriminate between IH of pre- and perinatal cause. Reduced optimality in the prepartum, partum and postpartum periods in IH children, as compared with those with cerebral palsy syndromes, was nearly identical to that of hemiplegic, and significantly lower than that of diplegic and dyskinetic, cerebral palsy.
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| 4. |
- Nilsonne, Åsa, et al.
(författare)
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Measuring the rate of change of voice fundamental frequency in fluent speech during mental depression
- 1988
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Ingår i: The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America. - : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 0001-4966. ; 83:2, s. 716-728
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A method of measuring the rate of change of fundamental frequency has been developed in an effort to find acoustic voice parameters that could be useful in psychiatric research. A minicomputer program was used to extract seven parameters from the fundamental frequency contour of tape‐recorded speech samples: (1) the average rate of change of the fundamental frequency and (2) its standard deviation, (3) the absolute rate of fundamental frequency change, (4) the total reading time, (5) the percent pause time of the total reading time, (6) the mean, and (7) the standard deviation of the fundamental frequency distribution. The method is demonstrated on (a) a material consisting of synthetic speech and (b) voice recordings of depressed patients who were examined during depression and after improvement.
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| 9. |
- Sandman, Per-Olof, 1950-, et al.
(författare)
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Verbal communication and behaviour during meals in five institutionalized patients with Alzheimer-type dementia
- 1988
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Ingår i: Journal of Advanced Nursing. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0309-2402 .- 1365-2648. ; 13:5, s. 571-578
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Five institutionalized patients with Alzheimer-type dementia were observed (video-recorded) during meals. The aim was to assess their meal behaviour and social interaction. The results showed that when the patients ate without the participation of staff, the two least demented patients became 'caregivers' in the group and helped the three most demented patients to eat. When two mental nurses joined the group, the patients dropped their roles as helpers. The conversation in the group could be characterized as incomplete, with short sentences and a lot of breaks. Sixty-three per cent of all comprehensible utterances concerned food and eating and almost all conversation concerned the present.
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| 10. |
- Terracio, Louis, et al.
(författare)
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Induction of platelet-derived growth factor receptor expression in smooth muscle cells and fibroblasts upon tissue culturing
- 1988
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Ingår i: Journal of Cell Biology. - 0021-9525. ; 107:5, s. 1947-1957
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The expression of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptors in porcine uterus and human skin in situ, was compared with that of cultured primary cells isolated from the same tissues. PDGF receptor expression was examined by monoclonal antibodies specific for the B type PDGF receptor and by RNA/RNA in situ hybridization with a probe constructed from a cDNA clone encoding the B type PDGF receptor. In porcine uterus tissue both mRNA and the protein product for the PDGF receptor were detected in the endometrium; the myometrium, in contrast, contained much lower amounts. Moreover, freshly isolated myometrial cells were devoid of PDGF receptors. However, after 1 d in culture receptors appeared, and after 2 wk of culturing essentially all of the myometrial cells stained positively with the anti-PDGF receptor antibodies and contained PDGF receptor mRNA. Similarly, B type PDGF receptors were not detected in normal human skin, but fibroblast-like cells from explant cultures of human skin possessed PDGF receptors. When determined by immunoblotting, porcine uterus myometrial membranes contained approximately 20% of the PDGF receptor antigen compared with the amount found in endometrial membranes. In addition, PDGF stimulated the phosphorylation of a 175-kD component, most likely representing autophosphorylation of the B type PDGF receptor in endometrial membranes, whereas only a marginal phosphorylation was seen in myometrial membranes. Taken together, these results demonstrate that PDGF receptor expression varies in normal tissues and that fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells do not uniformly express the receptor in situ. Furthermore, fibroblasts and smooth muscle cells that are released from tissues are induced to express PDGF receptors in response to cell culturing. The data suggest that, in addition to the availability of the ligand, PDGF-mediated cell growth in vivo is dependent on factors regulating expression of the receptor.
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