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- Tingström, Anders, et al.
(författare)
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Regulation of fibroblast-mediated collagen gel contraction by platelet-derived growth factor, interleukin-1 alpha and transforming growth factor-beta 1
- 1992
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Ingår i: Journal of Cell Science. - 0021-9533. ; 102:2, s. 315-322
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have examined the effects of three macrophagederived cytokines, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor-01 (TGF-01) and interleukin-1 a (IL-la) on the contraction of collagen type I gels populated by human foreskin fibroblasts. Contraction was quantified as loss in gel weight. Both PDGF-AA and PDGF-BB were found to induce a rapid collagen-gel contraction. TGF-/J1 also stimulated gel contraction but with a delayed onset and at a slower rate than the PDGF-stimulated contraction. Rabbit polyclonal IgGs recognizing PDGF-AA and PDGF-BB, respectively, specifically inhibited the effects of the corresponding PDGF Lsoforms. However, the stimulatory effect of TGF-/S1 was not affected by any of the anti-PDGF antibodies. The ability of PDGF to stimulate contraction became less pronounced in collagen gel cultures grown in the absence of growth factors over periods of several days. Under the same conditions, the stimulatory effect of TGF-/J1 was not reduced. The reduced response to PDGF may be due to reduced tension on fibroblasts growing in collagen gels, since fibroblasts on free-floating gels showed a marked reduction in PDGF-BB-induced PDGF ^-receptor aggregates when compared to fibroblasts on attached collagen gels. LL-1 a inhibited initial collagen gel contraction, and at later stages induced a visible degradation of the collagen gels, presumably due to the generation of collagenase activity. The combination of IL-la and PDGF-BB stimulated initial collagen gel contraction, although less effectively than PDGF-BB alone. At later stages, collagen gel degradation was stimulated by this combination of cytokines. In contrast, the combination of IL-la and TGF-/51 did not stimulate collagen gel contraction, or any visible collagen gel degradation. Our data suggest that fibroblast-mediated collagen gel contraction can be modulated by cytokines via different mechanisms. Our data are of importance in the understanding of the modulatory roles of cytokines in connective tissue cell activities in inflammatory processes, such as wound healing.
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| 4. |
- Fribergh, H, et al.
(författare)
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The Meta-Contrast Technique : a projective test predicting suicide
- 1992
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Ingår i: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. - : Wiley. - 0001-690X .- 1600-0447. ; 86:6, s. 7-473
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Sixty-nine inpatients who had attempted suicide were studied by means of the Meta-Contrast Technique (MCT), a projective test measuring personality factors, especially defensive strategies. The patients were divided into 3 subgroups, one of which was defined as stereotypy only, which denotes stereotypy (perceptual retardation) without any other coded defenses. At follow-up 7 of 8 completed suicides belonged to this subgroup and they matched various main diagnoses according to DSM-III-R. When the MCT findings of all patients were compared with 99 depressed inpatients from a previous study, the latter group more often had mature defensive strategies. In both investigations most completed suicides were found in the stereotypy only group. Our findings indicate that, regardless of psychiatric diagnosis, stereotypy without other defenses in MCT predicts suicide.
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| 5. |
- Heimann, Mikael, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
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Imitation in Autism: A preliminary research note
- 1992
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Ingår i: Behavioural Neurology. - 0953-4180 .- 1875-8584. ; 5:4, s. 219-227
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous studies have claimed that children with autism are poor imitators and a lack of imitative capacity has been included by some investigators as one early sign of autism. Presented here are results from a pilot study focusing on observed imitation after presenting 15 tasks to five children with autism (mental age 25-51 months). Imitation tasks involving simple object manipulation, vocal responses, facial and manual gestures, and object substitution were presented to each child. The performance of the children with autism is compared with (1) three normaI4-year-old children (for all 15 tasks), and (2) observations from 28 healthy l-year-olds (for 10 of the tasks used). The findings indicate that the autistic group displayed the highest level of imitation on object manipulation and vocal tasks while object substitution, facial, and motor imitation acts seemed to be difficult for children with autism. However, the small number of children included as well as the individual variation observed among the autistic subjects precludes any definite conclusions from these pilot observations. It is hypothesized that imitation in children with autism has to be studied separately for different domains and probably also for different subgroups within autistic population.
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| 6. |
- Åström, Monica, 1941-, et al.
(författare)
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Life before and after Stroke : Living Conditions and Life Satisfaction in Relation to a General Elderly Population
- 1992
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Ingår i: Cerebrovascular Diseases. - : S. Karger. - 1015-9770 .- 1421-9786. ; 2:1, s. 28-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Living conditions and life satisfaction before and after stroke were assessed in 80 patients with acute stroke (mean age 73 years). The results were compared with a general elderly population. Already prior to their stroke the patients had more health problems, lower functional ability, more passive leisure time and lower global life satisfaction. Low life satisfaction was associated with dependence in the activities of daily living (ADL). Economic resources, social network and psychiatric morbidity before stroke did not differ from the general elderly population. At 3 months of follow-up, almost half of the patients reported low life satisfaction, compared to only 2% in the national sample. Major depression and ADL dependence were associated with low life satisfaction after stroke. We conclude that much of the disability and handicap seen in stroke patients is present already before the stroke. Stroke-related deterioration of ADL performance, major depression and social disintegration after stroke interact to further reduce life satisfaction for the stroke victims and their families.
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| 7. |
- Öjehagen, A., et al.
(författare)
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A randomized study of long-term out-patient treatment in alcoholics : Psychiatric treatment versus multimodal behavioural therapy, during 1 versus 2 years of treatment
- 1992
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Ingår i: Alcohol and Alcoholism. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0735-0414 .- 1464-3502. ; 27:6, s. 649-658
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Seventy-two alcoholic patients (60 men and 12 women) were randomized into four groups who received psychiatric treatment (PT) or multimodal behavioural therapy (MBT), for either 1 or 2 years. PT was based on psychodynamic principles, and MBT is a cognitive-behavioural treatment. The patients accepting treatment had a mean age of 37 ± 9 years, and they were socially stable. There was no difference in attrition rate (35%) in relation to therapy and length of treatment. The rate of favourable drinking outcome during the third year was similar in all four alternatives, at 40-44%. A favourable drinking outcome was predicted by a better initial psychic status and few psychiatric symptoms at intake. In PT patients a favourable outcome was more strongly related to a better psychic status than in MBT patients (P = 0.58). The mean number of sessions, 23, did not differ in relation to outcome. The main conclusion from this study is that there were only small and inconclusive differences between the therapies of different types and different duration.
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