| 1. |
- Levi, Richard, et al.
(författare)
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The Stockholm Spinal Cord Injury Study : 2. Associations between clinical patient characteristics and post-acute medical problems.
- 1995
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Ingår i: Paraplegia. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0031-1758. ; 33:10, s. 585-594
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Stockholm Spinal Cord Injury Study (SSCIS) is an extensive evaluation of a sample of 353 subjects with traumatic SCI, constituting 93% of the known regional prevalence population with this diagnosis. In a previous analysis of this group, symptoms such as pain, incontinence, sexual dysfunction and neurological deterioration, as well as secondary complications, such as decubitus ulcers, urinary tract infections, spinal deformity and fractures, were found to be common. In the present report, we investigate associations between a few commonly used patient characteristics, ie gender, age at injury, duration of injury and extent of neurological compromise, and the occurrence of such problems, to assess differences in vulnerability in SCI subgroups. Results generally indicate an increased vulnerability in subjects with extensive neurological deficits, as well as a cumulation of complications with the increasing duration of injury. However, some exceptions are found, possibly indicating differences in temporal patterns of the occurrence of various complications, as well as certain gender-, age-, and lesion-associated variations in vulnerability. Symptoms directly related to the spinal cord lesion, eg neurogenic pain and neurological deterioration, seem to present rather soon post-injury. Males are more prone to experience excessive spasticity and sexual problems. Females experience more fractures and spinal deformity. Younger age at injury is associated with more spinal deformity but less severe pain problems. Higher age at injury is not found to be associated with more medical problems, with the exception of neurogenic pain, among post-acute, post-discharge survivors. The latter finding does not, however, preclude more such problems in the acute stage, since the present study neither addresses the pre-discharge period, nor includes information about mortality. Finally, the ASIA/IMSOP Impairment Scale Grade E-rated subjects were found to report problems to an extent that underlines the restricted sensorimotor sense in which this rating reflects recovery.
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| 2. |
- Malmgren, Helge, 1945, et al.
(författare)
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A longitudinal pilot study of the Rorschach as a neuropsychological instrument.
- 1995
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Ingår i: Research into Rorschach and Projective Methods. A.M. Carlsson et al (ed), Swedish Rorschach Society, Stockholm.. - 9197299618 ; , s. 117-39
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Six patients with organic mental disorders, in all cases including Korsakoff’s amnestic disorder (KAD) and in four cases due to a complication after an aneurysm operation, were followed for up to two years. Each patient was assessed at least three times; the total number of assessment points was 26. The patients’ neuropsychiatric status was assessed clinically according to the diagnostic system of Lindqvist & Malmgren. The severity of the individual disorders and the global severity of the neuropsychiatric disturbance were estimated on each occasion. The patients were assessed using memory, concentration and general intelligence tests, and independently with Rorschach according to Bohm’s method. The scores on 38 selected Rorschach variables were compared with the clinical assessments and with the other test data. In accord with earlier studies we found that KAD has a Rorschach profile which differs significantly from the findings in patients where other organic mental disorders dominate the clinical picture. We also saw a previously not reported sign of KAD, namely, frequent contaminated whole responses. A comparison with the judgments of global severity also gave some support to the thesis that the Rorschach is a valid indicator of organic mental disorder in general. Altogether the study shows that the longitudinal design offers great possibilities for the analysis of Rorschach signs of organic mental disorders.
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| 3. |
- Bejerot, Susanne, et al.
(författare)
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Asperger's syndrome or schizophrenia
- 1995
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Taylor & Francis. - 0803-9488 .- 1502-4725. ; 49:2, s. 145-145
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 4. |
- Eckervald, Klara, et al.
(författare)
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Barns verbala repetitioner : Är dessa tecken på incest?
- 1995
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Det har förekommit att ett barns repetitioner av ord eller fraser anförts i samband med anmälningar och misstankar om sexuella övergrepp. Syftet är här att närmare undersöka förekomst av verbala repetitioner hos barn i förskoleåldern. Totalt 138 enskilda fall av verbala repetitioner insamlades från föräldrar (enkät till 215 st) och från daghemspersonal (13 intervjuer plus dagboksmetodik med 5 personal). Enligt resultaten är det framför allt yngre barn som upprepar. Det är inga framträdande könsskillnader, men pojkarnas upprepningstopp ligger åldersmässigt något senare än flickornas. Upprepningarna verkar ha med varierande förhållanden eller orsaker att göra. Uppgiftslämnarnas agerande varierar från fall till fall. Ingen personal har gjort någon anmälan med anledning av upprepningar. Enligt författaren har inget exempel bedömts sammanhänga med sexuella övergrepp.
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| 5. |
- Edvardsson, Bo, 1944-
(författare)
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Laboration: lögndetektion
- 1995
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Annan publikation (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- En blankett som kan användas vid experiment med lögndetektion i grupper. Några deltagare får berätta korta historier av valfritt slag. Övriga får därefter någon minut på sig att bedöma om historien är helt sann eller helt/delvis falsk. En sammanställning över antal korrekta bedömningar respektive antal felaktiga kan därefter lätt göras och träffprocenten kan fastställas. I stor utsträckning ligger denna runt 50% på gruppnivå, dvs. kronkastning kunde i regel lika gärna ha använts. Detta är väl förenligt med internationell forskning om lögndetektion.
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| 6. |
- Heimann, Mikael, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
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Increasing reading and communication skills in children with autism through an interactive multimedia computer program.
- 1995
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Ingår i: Journal of autism and developmental disorders. - : Springer. - 0162-3257 .- 1573-3432. ; 25:5, s. 459-80
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper reports on the effect of using an interactive and child-initiated microcomputer program (Alpha) when teaching three groups of children (N = 30) reading and communications skills: (a) 11 children with autism (M chronological age, CA = 9:4 years), (b) 9 children with mixed handicaps (M CA = 13:1), and (c) 10 normal preschool children (M CA = 6:4 years). Their mental age varied from 5:8 years to 6:9 years and all children received computer instruction supplementary to their regular reading and writing activities. Tests of reading and phonological development were carried out at the onset of the training (Start), at the end (Post 1), and at a follow-up evaluation (Post 2). In addition, video observations of the childrens' verbal and nonverbal communication were added at Start and Post 1. The children with autism increased both their word reading and their phonological awareness through the use of the Alpha program. Clearly significant gains were observed during the intervention, but none during the follow-up period. A similar but weaker pattern is observed for the children with mixed handicaps. In contrast, the normal preschool children increased their scores regardless of the program. Analyses of the children's classroom behavior indicate that the intervention succeeded in stimulating verbal expressions among the children with autism and mixed handicap. A significant increase in enjoyment was also noted for the children with autism. It is concluded that the intervention with a motivating multimedia program might stimulate reading and communication in children with various developmental disabilities, but that such interventions must be individually based and include both detailed planning and monitoring from teachers, and parents, as well as from clinicians in charge.
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| 7. |
- Nettelbladt, Per, et al.
(författare)
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The social network of patients with schizoaffective disorder as compared to patients with diabetes and to healthy individuals
- 1995
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Ingår i: Social Science and Medicine. - 0277-9536. ; 41:6, s. 901-907
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The social network was evaluated by means of the self-rating scale 'Interview Schedule for Social Interaction' (ISSI) and semi-structured interviews in married patients with a DSM-III diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder (N = 17, partners, N = 16), married patients with diabetes (N = 10, partners, N = 10) and in married healthy individuals (N = 8, partners, N = 8). The two latter groups were comparison control groups matched for sex and age to the patients with a schizoaffective disorder. The scores on the ISSI and its subscales for the groups were compatible to those found in other Swedish studies. Patients with a schizoaffective disorder both experienced that they had less access to (AVAT) and were less satisfied with their deep emotional relations (ADAT). The same patients had a higher level of neuroticism as compared to the rest. The patients with a schizoaffective disorder had less often than the patients with diabetes been informed about their disease. Moreover, the partners to the patients with a schizoaffective disorder had not been informed about the disease and experienced that they had fewer social contacts (AVSI). A challenge for the professional network in psychiatry is to improve the information and education to families in which one member is struck by a schizoaffective disorder.
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| 8. |
- Sohlberg, Staffan, et al.
(författare)
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Co-occurrence of Ego Function Change and Symptomatic Change in Bulimia Nervosa : A Six-Year Interview-Based Study
- 1995
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Ingår i: International Journal of Eating Disorders. - 0276-3478 .- 1098-108X. ; 18:1, s. 13-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Low ego strength is theoretically thought of as causing difficulties in interpersonal relations and leading to the development of psychiatric symptomatology. Patients with bulimia nervosa were previously shown to have low ego strength and were studied to investigate whether gains in ego strength occur over time and are associated with improvement in symptoms. The average patient had an ego strength at a borderline level at index and at a neurotic level 6 years later. Less positive change in ego strength was associated with a low initial Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI) Symptom score a long Time in Treatment, and having been referred for specialist care. Positive changers significantly more often stopped vomiting/abusing laxatives and showed several non-significant tendencies to improve in other symptomatic aspects as well. Several methodological caveats are discussed, but these findings may contribute to the identification of mechanisms whereby long-term improvement occurs in bulimia nervosa.
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