| 1. |
- Fäldt, Roger, et al.
(författare)
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Prevalence of thyroid hormone abnormalities in elderly patients with symptoms of organic brain disease.
- 1996
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Ingår i: Aging (Milan, Italy). - 0394-9532. ; 8:5, s. 347-357
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Analysis of the serum concentrations of free thyroid hormones (fT3, fT4) and thyrotropin (TSH) in 173 psychogeriatric patients (94 females and 79 males, mean age 79 +/- 8 years) disclosed that the hormone levels were related to sex, psychiatric diagnosis, medication and the presence of nonthyroid illness (NTI). Subnormal concentrations of thyroid hormones and/or TSH were found in 25% of the patients. In addition, fT3 and fT4 concentrations were significantly lower (p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively) in demented males compared with demented females although the levels were within the reference limits. Strongly negative correlations between fT3 and age (p < 0.001), and between fT3 and the sedimentation rate (SR) (p < 0.01) were found in demented but not in non-demented patients. These correlations were most pronounced in (age) or restricted to (SR) demented males. In addition, the correlation between fT3 and Hb was strongly positive (p < 0.001) in demented as well as in nondemented patients, particularly in males. The concentration of fT4 was positively correlated to Hb in demented males (p < 0.001), whereas TSH concentration was positively correlated to Hb in demented females (p < 0.05). The results show that TSH is not sufficient as the sole screening assay for evaluation of possible thyroid dysfunction in psychogeriatric patients. In addition, central (hypothalamic?) hypothyroidism may be present in a substantial amount of psychogeriatric patients, as we found an adequate TSH response to exogenous thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) also in patients with decreased fT3/fT4 and no signs of non thyroid diseases. Furthermore, there was an apparent lack of correlation between thyroid hormone levels and dementia (or subgroups of dementia), even though thyroid hormone abnormalities seemed to be rather common in frontotemporal dementia (38%) and non specified dementia (36%).
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| 2. |
- Edberg, Anna-Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of clinical supervision on nurse-patient cooperation quality - A controlled study in dementia care.
- 1996
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Ingår i: Clinical Nursing Research. - : SAGE Publications. - 1054-7738 .- 1552-3799. ; 5:2, s. 127-146
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- An intervention consisting of individualized planned care for patients and regular clinical systematic supervision for nurses was carried out on a ward for dementia care (the experimental ward, EW). On a similar control ward (CW), no changes were made. Observations of nurse-patient cooperation during morning care were collected at both wards, before and during the intervention. The observations (N = 107) were analyzed blindly and sorted into already-developed categories. The distribution of the cooperation-style categories was then analyzed statistically. The patients who survived throughout the study period (N = 18) were also compared over time. Nurse-patient cooperation at the EW improved significantly during the intervention period, whereas, at the CW, it deteriorated (p = .02). Status of surviving patients followed the same pattern (p = .001). The findings indicate that such interventions can improve the quality of nurse-patient cooperation in dementia care.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Eklund, Mona, et al.
(författare)
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The ward atmosphere of a psychiatric day care unit on the basis of occupational therapy: Characteristics and development during a 5-year period
- 1996
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Ingår i: Nordic Journal of Psychiatry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-4725 .- 0803-9488. ; 50:2, s. 117-125
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- As part of a process-outcome study the development of the ward atmosphere over 5 years in a psychiatric day care unit on the basis of occupational therapy was investigated. The Community Oriented Programs Environment Scale (COPES) was administered to patients -about equal numbers of psychotic and non-psychotic—and staff on ten occasions, covering three phases. The ward atmosphere was distinguished by high levels of involvement, support, order and organization, and program clarity and by low levels of anger and aggression and staff control. In phase one the ward atmosphere was mainly in accordance with recommendations for psychotic patients, but during phases two and three there was a development towards more optimal factors for non-psychotic patients, probably reflecting changing needs of the patients. The patient and staff ratings were more in accordance than in most other studies, probably due to high patient-staff interaction.
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| 5. |
- Fernell, Elisabeth, 1948
(författare)
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Mild mental retardation in schoolchildren in a Swedish suburban municipality: prevalence and diagnostic aspects.
- 1996
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Ingår i: Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). - 0803-5253. ; 85:5, s. 584-588
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The prevalence of mild mental retardation (MMR) (IQ 50-72) was investigated in a Swedish suburban municipality with special demographic characteristics. The study population consisted of the 6397 children aged 9-15 years residing in the municipality on December 31, 1994. A total of 82 children fulfilled psychometric and adaptive criteria of MMR, corresponding to a prevalence of 12.8/1000. The prevalence was higher than that reported in previous Swedish and Finnish studies using similar case-finding methods. This can probably be explained by the lower socioeconomic status in the municipality studied and by the fact that testing is now more acceptable. Nearly 90% of the MMR children had symptoms in their preschool years, mainly motor, speech/language deviations and a relative inability to perform certain tasks. These symptoms also occur in children with minimal brain dysfunction/ deficits in attention, motor control and perception which should be taken into consideration when selecting screening tests.
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| 6. |
- Gillberg, Christopher, 1950, et al.
(författare)
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Autism and medical disorders: a review of the literature.
- 1996
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Ingår i: Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology. - 0012-1622. ; 38:3, s. 191-202
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The authors reviewed all the population studies on autism published in the English language with particular reference to the rate of medical disorders. Seven studies met criteria for inclusion in the survey. The mean of possibly autism-related medical disorders in persons with autism across these studies was 24.4%. There was a trend for higher rates of medical disorders among subjects with severe mental retardation. The evidence in respect of atypical autism was equivocal, and the overall prevalence of medical disorders in this group was similar to that found in typical autism.
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| 7. |
- Gillberg, I Carina, 1949, et al.
(författare)
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Autism in immigrants: a population-based study from Swedish rural and urban areas.
- 1996
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Ingår i: Journal of Intellectual Disability Research. - 0964-2633. ; 40 ( Pt 1), s. 24-31
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a population study, 55 children aged 13 years and under were diagnosed as suffering from autistic disorder according to DSM-III-R criteria. Fifteen of these children (27%) were born to parents, at least one of whom had migrated to Sweden. These 15 cases were analysed in some detail with a view to finding possible background factors that could account for the relatively high prevalence of autism among some immigrant populations. In a few cases, autism or Asperger syndrome had been diagnosed in a native Swedish parent who went abroad in order to find a spouse. In several other cases, the child was the first child born in Sweden after the mother had moved there. The contribution of genetic and other prenatal factors to autism in immigrant populations is discussed.
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| 8. |
- Happé, Francesca, et al.
(författare)
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'Theory of mind' in the brain. Evidence from a PET scan study of Asperger syndrome.
- 1996
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Ingår i: Neuroreport. - 0959-4965. ; 8:1, s. 197-201
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The ability to attribute mental states to others ('theory of mind') pervades normal social interaction and is impaired in autistic individuals. In a previous positron emission tomography scan study of normal volunteers, performing a 'theory of mind' task was associated with activity in left medial prefrontal cortex. We used the same paradigm in five patients with Asperger syndrome, a mild variant of autism with normal intellectual functioning. No task-related activity was found in this region, but normal activity was observed in immediately adjacent areas. This result suggests that a highly circumscribed region of left medial prefrontal cortex is a crucial component of the brain system that underlies the normal understanding of other minds.
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| 10. |
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