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- Ferro, Nicola, et al.
(författare)
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PROMISE Retreat Report Prospects and Opportunities for Information Access Evaluation
- 2013
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Ingår i: ACM SIGIR Forum. - : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 0163-5840 .- 1558-0229. ; 46:2, s. 60-84
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The PROMISE network of excellence organized a two-days brainstorming workshop on 30th and 31st May 2012 in Padua, Italy, to discuss and envisage future directions and perspectives for the evaluation of information access and retrieval systems in multiple languages and multiple media. This document reports on the outcomes of this event and provides details about the six envisaged research lines: search applications; contextual evaluation; challenges in test collection design and exploitation; component-based evaluation; ongoing evaluation; and signal-aware evaluation. The ultimate goal of the PROMISE retreat is to stimulate and involve the research community along these research lines and to provide funding agencies with effective and scientifically sound ideas for coordinating and supporting information access research.
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- Dodig-Crnkovic, Gordana, 1955
(författare)
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Significance of models of computation, from Turing model to natural computation
- 2011
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Ingår i: Minds and Machines. - DORDRECHT : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0924-6495 .- 1572-8641. ; 21:2, s. 301-322
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increased interactivity and connectivity of computational devices along with the spreading of computational tools and computational thinking across the fields, has changed our understanding of the nature of computing. In the course of this development computing models have been extended from the initial abstract symbol manipulating mechanisms of stand-alone, discrete sequential machines, to the models of natural computing in the physical world, generally concurrent asynchronous processes capable of modelling living systems, their informational structures and dynamics on both symbolic and sub-symbolic information processing levels. Present account of models of computation highlights several topics of importance for the development of new understanding of computing and its role: natural computation and the relationship between the model and physical implementation, interactivity as fundamental for computational modelling of concurrent information processing systems such as living organisms and their networks, and the new developments in logic needed to support this generalized framework. Computing understood as information processing is closely related to natural sciences; it helps us recognize connections between sciences, and provides a unified approach for modeling and simulating of both living and non-living systems. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2011.
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- Porathe, Thomas, 1954
(författare)
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e-Navigation in Arctic Conditions: Transmitting High Resolution Ice Routes in First-year Ice
- 2012
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Ingår i: Proceedings of Scandinavian Maritime Conference 2012.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A long time ago navigation was done solely by experience: the knowledge was in the head of local pilots. Through the centuries a symbolic system of buoys, cairns and charts developed: knowledge placed in the world, to paraphrase Donald Norman (1990). But Arctic navigation now poses a challenge that will need new solutions. Buoys cannot be stationed in ice as they will be swept away or pushed under. The ice sheet is a shifting, dynamic landscape with few landmarks. Further: in open water the buoy’s function is to warn for stationary shallows, in ice there is the additional need to guide trough passable leads or broken ice channels that move, open and close with the wind and currents. How can e-Navigation tools like Virtual AtoNs assist in Arctic navigation?In this paper findings from a study onboard a Swedish icebreaker in the one-year ice of the Bay of Bothnia are presented as well as proposals for new e-Navigation services to help improve efficiency of ice navigation. Dynamic “ice routes”, sent from icebreakers to other ships entering into the ice will facilitate traffic management in the ice. Transmitting fuel consumption as well as speed for ships in the ice sheet will create a useful indicator of ice conditions. Using updated satellite photos of the ice sheet as underlay in ECDIS, will facilitate ice navigation.
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| 7. |
- Hamon, Thierry, et al.
(författare)
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Combining Compositionality and Pagerank for the Identification of Semantic Relations between Biomedical Words
- 2012
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Ingår i: BioNLP. - 9781937284206 - 1937284204 ; , s. 109-117
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The acquisition of semantic resources and relations is an important task for several applications, such as query expansion, information retrieval and extraction, machine translation. However, their validity should also be computed and indicated, especially for automatic systems and applications. We exploit the compositionality based methods for the acquisition of synonymy relations and of indicators of these synonyms. We then apply pagerank-derived algorithm to the obtained semantic graph in order to filter out the acquired synonyms. Evaluation performed with two independent experts indicates that the quality of synonyms is systematically improved by 10 to 15% after their filtering.
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- Koniaris, Christos, 1979-
(författare)
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Perceptually motivated speech recognition and mispronunciation detection
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This doctoral thesis is the result of a research effort performed in two fields of speech technology, i.e., speech recognition and mispronunciation detection. Although the two areas are clearly distinguishable, the proposed approaches share a common hypothesis based on psychoacoustic processing of speech signals. The conjecture implies that the human auditory periphery provides a relatively good separation of different sound classes. Hence, it is possible to use recent findings from psychoacoustic perception together with mathematical and computational tools to model the auditory sensitivities to small speech signal changes.The performance of an automatic speech recognition system strongly depends on the representation used for the front-end. If the extracted features do not include all relevant information, the performance of the classification stage is inherently suboptimal. The work described in Papers A, B and C is motivated by the fact that humans perform better at speech recognition than machines, particularly for noisy environments. The goal is to make use of knowledge of human perception in the selection and optimization of speech features for speech recognition. These papers show that maximizing the similarity of the Euclidean geometry of the features to the geometry of the perceptual domain is a powerful tool to select or optimize features. Experiments with a practical speech recognizer confirm the validity of the principle. It is also shown an approach to improve mel frequency cepstrum coefficients (MFCCs) through offline optimization. The method has three advantages: i) it is computationally inexpensive, ii) it does not use the auditory model directly, thus avoiding its computational cost, and iii) importantly, it provides better recognition performance than traditional MFCCs for both clean and noisy conditions.The second task concerns automatic pronunciation error detection. The research, described in Papers D, E and F, is motivated by the observation that almost all native speakers perceive, relatively easily, the acoustic characteristics of their own language when it is produced by speakers of the language. Small variations within a phoneme category, sometimes different for various phonemes, do not change significantly the perception of the language’s own sounds. Several methods are introduced based on similarity measures of the Euclidean space spanned by the acoustic representations of the speech signal and the Euclidean space spanned by an auditory model output, to identify the problematic phonemes for a given speaker. The methods are tested for groups of speakers from different languages and evaluated according to a theoretical linguistic study showing that they can capture many of the problematic phonemes that speakers from each language mispronounce. Finally, a listening test on the same dataset verifies the validity of these methods.
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- Toll, Daniel, et al.
(författare)
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The challenge of teaching students the value of programming best practices
- 2014
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Ingår i: ITICSE 2014 - Proceedings of the 2014 Innovation and Technology in Computer Science Education Conference. - New York, New York, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450328333
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate the benefits of our programming assignments in correlation to what the students learn and show in their programming solutions. The assignments are supposed to teach the students to use best practices related to program comprehension, but do the programming assignments clearly show the benefits of best practices? We performed an experiment that showed no significant result which suggests that the assignments did not emphasise the value of best practices. As lecturers, we understand that constructing assignments that match the sought after outcome in students learning is a complex task. The experiment provided valuable insights that we will use to improve the assignments to better mirror best practices.
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| 10. |
- Wilhelmsson, Kenneth
(författare)
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Automatic Question Generation from Swedish Documents as a Tool for Information Extraction
- 2011
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 18th Nordic Conference of Computational Linguistics NODALIDA 2011. ; , s. 323-326
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- An implementation of automatic question generation (QG) from raw Swedish text is presented. QG is here chosen as an alternative to natural query systems where any query can be posed and no indication is given of whether the current text database includes the information sought for. The program builds on parsing with grammatical functions from which corresponding questions are generated and it incorporates the article database of Swedish Wikipedia. The pilot system is meant to work with a text shown in the GUI and auto-completes user input to help find available questions. The act of question generation is here described together with early test results regarding the current produced questions.
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