| 1. |
|
|
| 2. |
- Fetterplace, Lachlan
(författare)
-
Temporal stability in a protected and isolated fish community within marine parks surrounding Lord Howe Island
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Regional Studies in Marine Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 2352-4855. ; 48
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Remote oceanic islands often display high levels of biodiversity and endemism, making them important locations for marine parks aimed at conserving biodiversity. To determine whether marine parks are reaching conservation objectives requires consistent assessments of their effectiveness through time. Lord Howe Island and Balls Pyramid are World Heritage listed remote oceanic islands in the Tasman Sea that support a diverse assemblage of fishes including many endemic and protected species. To conserve the region’s unique marine biodiversity, state and Commonwealth marine parks including no-take zones and partially protected zones open to line fishing were established. After approximately 5, 9 and 13 years of protection of shelf habitat we tested for changes in the marine park’s fish assemblage across management zones through time using baited remote underwater video systems (BRUVs). We detected no difference in total fish abundance, diversity, or assemblage composition between management zone types. The relative abundance of targeted carangids, yellowtail kingfish and silver trevally were 2 and 1.6 times greater in no-take zones than partially protected zones respectively, however, the substantial variation in their abundances among locations and sites meant that these differences were not statistically significant. No clear difference in the relative abundance of endemic, near-endemic and protected species were observed between management zone types. Generally, the abundance and diversity of fishes varied most among locations, sites and sampling years. The overall lack of difference in the fish assemblage between management zone types and its stability through time suggests current anthropogenic threats are relatively minor, and the marine park’s condition is reasonably healthy. Future surveys of the marine park’s fish assemblage will be valuable to test for body-size differences between zone types and to monitor trends in condition, particularly in response to possible changes in the number, frequency and intensity of anthropogenic threats.
|
|
| 3. |
- Hedmark, Eva, et al.
(författare)
-
Test av stängseltråden RubberGuard Wire
- 2022
-
Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- RubberGuard Wire är en elstängseltråd som består av tunna metalltrådar överdragna med ledande gummi. Enligt distributörer kortsluts inte tråden till följd av kontakt med exempelvis vegetation och vatten. I den här studien undersökte vi hur den elektriska spänningen i stängseltråden RubberGuard Wire påverkas av kontakt med jord, vatten, mark och våt vegetation. Trådens prestanda bedömdes genom mätning av spänningen under olika förhållanden. Som jämförelse genomfördes parallella experiment med den typ av metalltråd (slät galvad High Tensile tråd (HT-tråd)) som rekommenderas till rovdjursavvisande stängsel.Experimenten visade att RubberGuard Wire påverkades på samma sätt som metalltråden vid kontakt med jord, vatten, mark och växtlighet. Vår slutsats är att RubberGuard Wire inte presterar bättre än en stängseltråd av metall när den kommer i kontakt med växande vegetation eller andra element som vanligtvis kortsluter elstängsel.
|
|
| 4. |
|
|
| 5. |
- Östman, Örjan, et al.
(författare)
-
A Bayesian approach for assessing the boundary between desirable and undesirable environmental status - An example from a coastal fish indicator in the Baltic Sea
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Ecological Indicators. - : Elsevier BV. - 1470-160X .- 1872-7034. ; 120
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ecological indicator approaches typically compare the prevailing state of an ecosystem component to a reference state reflecting good environmental conditions, i.e. the desirable state. However, defining the reference state is challenging due to a wide range of uncertainties related to natural variability and measurement error in data, as well as ecological understanding. This study propose a novel probabilistic approach combining historical monitoring data and ecological understanding to estimate the uncertainty associated with the boundary value of an ecological indicator between good and poor environmental states. Bayesian inference is used to estimate the epistemic uncertainty about the true state of an indicator variable during an historical reference period. This approach replaces the traditional boundary value with probability distribution, indicating the uncertainty about the boundary between environmental states providing a transparent safety margin associated with the risk of misclassification of the indicator's state. The approach is demonstrated by applying it to a time-series of an ecological status indicator, 'Abundance of coastal key fish species', included in HELCOM's Baltic Sea regional status assessment. We suggest that acknowledgement of the uncertainty behind the final classification leads to more transparent and better-informed decision-making processes.
|
|
| 6. |
- Almered Olsson, Gunilla, 1951
(författare)
-
Biologisk mångfald - en förutsättning för vår matförsörjning
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Biologisk mångfald, naturnyttor och ekosystemtjänster. Svenska perspektiv på livsviktiga framtidsfrågor. - Stockholm & Uppsala : Naturvårdsverket & Centrum för biologisk mångfald. - 1403-6568. - 9789188083364 ; , s. 222-233
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- I detta kapitel ges först en kort inblick i hur den vilda biologiska mångfalden blev grunden för jordbruket och utvecklats som en del av människors matlandskap inom olika lokala ekosystem. I takt med att tillgång till nya energikällor har matproduktionen och matsystemen ändrats vilket bidragit till den allvarliga, lokala och globala miljösituationen vi befinner oss i. Möjligheter till och ramverk för en hållbar matproduktion och hållbara matsystem baserade på agroekologiska system skisseras.
|
|
| 7. |
- Björkvik, Emma, 1987-, et al.
(författare)
-
Why fishers end up in social-ecological traps : a case study of Swedish eel fisheries in the Baltic Sea
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Ecology & Society. - 1708-3087. ; 25:1
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Unsustainable fishing can be surprisingly persistent despite devastating social, economic, and ecological consequences. Sustainability science literature suggests that the persistence of unsustainable fisheries can be understood as a social-ecological trap. Few studies have explicitly acknowledged the role of historical legacies for the development of social-ecological traps. Here, we investigate why fishers sometimes end up in social-ecological traps through a reconstruction of the historical interplay between fishers’ motivations, capacities, and opportunities to fish. We focus on the case of a Swedish fishery targeting the critically endangered European eel (Anguilla Anguilla) in the Baltic Sea. We performed the case study using a unique quantitative data set of social and ecological variables that spans over eight decades, in combination with earlier literature and interviews with fishers and fisheries experts. Our analysis reveals that Swedish archipelago fishers are highly dependent on the eel to maintain their fishing livelihood. The dependence on the eel originates from the 1930s, when fishers chose to intensify fishing for this species to ensure future incomes. The dependence persisted over time because of a series of changes, including improved eel fishing technology, heightened competition over catch, reduced opportunities to target other species, implementation of an eel fishing license, and the fishers’ capacity and motivation to deal with dwindling catches. Our study confirms that social-ecological traps are path-dependent processes. In terms of management, this finding means that it becomes progressively more difficult to escape the social-ecological trap with the passage of time. The longer entrapment endures, the more effort it takes and the bigger change it requires to return to a situation where fishers have more options so that unsustainable practices can be avoided. We conclude that fisheries policies need to be based on the premise that unsustainable fishing emerges through multiple rather than single causes.
|
|
| 8. |
- Broman, Elias, et al.
(författare)
-
Uncovering diversity and metabolic spectrum of animals in dead zone sediments
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Communications Biology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2399-3642. ; 3, s. 1-12
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Ocean deoxygenation driven by global warming and eutrophication is a primary concern for marine life. Resistant animals may be present in dead zone sediments, however there is lack of information on their diversity and metabolism. Here we combined geochemistry, microscopy, and RNA-seq for estimating taxonomy and functionality of micrometazoans along an oxygen gradient in the largest dead zone in the world. Nematodes are metabolically active at oxygen concentrations below 1.8μmolL−1, and their diversity and community structure are different between low oxygen areas. This is likely due to toxic hydrogen sulfide and its potential to be oxidized by oxygen or nitrate. Zooplankton resting stages dominate the metazoan community, and these populations possibly use cytochrome c oxidase as an oxygen sensor to exit dormancy. Our study sheds light on mechanisms of animal adaptation to extreme environments. These biological resources can be essential for recolonization of dead zones when oxygen conditions improve.
|
|
| 9. |
- Drennan, Regan, et al.
(författare)
-
Annelid Fauna of the Prince Gustav Channel, a Previously Ice-Covered Seaway on the Northeastern Antarctic Peninsula
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Frontiers in Marine Science. - : Frontiers Media SA. - 2296-7745. ; 7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Prince Gustav Channel is a narrow seaway located in the western Weddell Sea on the northeastern-most tip of the Antarctic Peninsula. The channel is notable for both its deep (>1200 m) basins, and a dynamic glacial history that most recently includes the break-up of the Prince Gustav Ice Shelf, which covered the southern portion of the channel until its collapse in 1995. However, the channel remains mostly unsampled, with very little known about its benthic biology. We present a preliminary account of the benthic annelid fauna of the Prince Gustav Channel in addition to samples from Duse Bay, a sheltered, glacier-influenced embayment in the northwestern portion of the channel. Samples were collected using an Agassiz Trawl, targeting megafaunal and large macrofaunal sized animals at depths ranging between 200–1200 m; the seafloor and associated fauna were also documented in situ using a Shallow Underwater Camera System (SUCS). Sample sites varied in terms of depth, substrate type, and current regime, and communities were locally variable across sites in terms of richness, abundance, and both taxonomic and functional composition. The most diverse family included the motile predator/scavenger Polynoidae, with 105 individuals in at least 12 morphospecies, primarily from a single site. This study provides first insights into diverse and spatially heterogeneous benthic communities in a dynamic habitat with continuing glacial influence, filling sampling gaps in a poorly studied region of the Southern Ocean at direct risk from climate change. These specimens will also be utilized in future molecular investigations, both in terms of describing the genetic biodiversity of this site and as part of wider phylogeographic and population genetic analyses assessing the connectivity, evolutionary origins, and demographic history of annelid fauna in the region.
|
|
| 10. |
- Eriksson, Martin, 1970, et al.
(författare)
-
Triclosan changes community composition and selects for specific bacterial taxa in marine periphyton biofilms in low nanomolar concentrations
- 2020
-
Ingår i: Ecotoxicology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0963-9292 .- 1573-3017. ; 29:7, s. 1083-1094
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The antibacterial agent Triclosan (TCS) is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant due to its widespread use. Sensitivity to TCS varies substantially among eu- and pro-karyotic species and its risk for the marine environment remains to be better elucidated. In particular, the effects that TCS causes on marine microbial communities are largely unknown. In this study we therefore used 16S amplicon rDNA sequencing to investigate TCS effects on the bacterial composition in marine periphyton communities that developed under long-term exposure to different TCS concentrations. Exposure to TCS resulted in clear changes in bacterial composition already at concentrations of 1 to 3.16 nM. We conclude that TCS affects the structure of the bacterial part of periphyton communities at concentrations that actually occur in the marine environment. Sensitive taxa, whose abundance decreased significantly with increasing TCS concentrations, include the Rhodobiaceae and Rhodobacteraceae families of Alphaproteobacteria, and unidentified members of the Candidate division Parcubacteria. Tolerant taxa, whose abundance increased significantly with higher TCS concentrations, include the families Erythrobacteraceae (Alphaproteobacteria), Flavobacteriaceae (Bacteroidetes), Bdellovibrionaceae (Deltaproteobacteria), several families of Gammaproteobacteria, and members of the Candidate phylum Gracilibacteria. Our results demonstrate the variability of TCS sensitivity among bacteria, and that TCS can change marine bacterial composition at concentrations that have been detected in the marine environment.
|
|
