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| 2. |
- Petersson, Göran, 1941
(author)
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Exposure to Traffic Exhaust
- 1987
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In: Traffic and Children´s Health; NHV 1987:2; Lennart Köhler & Hugh Jackson (eds). ; , s. 117-127
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Exhaust levels are high near to traffic, inside cars in queus and inside garages. Parents can warn their children to avoid places where exhaust can be smelt. Physical activity such as cycling increases uptake of the pollutants. Keeping a distance to vehicles is then particularly important.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Peter
(author)
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Informationsteknologi i organisationer : bestämningsfaktorer och mönster
- 1989
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Researchers in this field have placed different emphasis on the structural constraints visa- vis the freedom of the actors. An awareness that IT is a social construction does not necessarily mean that some individual actor or actor entity can perform freely. An inflexible, tightly structured social situation can considerably limit the action space. Actors are hemmed in by "objective" circumstances, ie, a rather closely controlled situation established by other actors, and which is apparently unyielding in the face of technological decisions.By creating a perspective that addresses both structural and actor aspects, this study attempts a holistic understanding which will lay bare the probable dialectic process between the changeable and the nonchangeable. This aspiration to comprehend the whole, when viewed against the complex character of the subject, calls for an understanding oriented approach.The study at hand deals with the choice of information technology in organizations, with special focus on automatic data processing (ADP) for administrative purposes. Its main aim is to improve an understanding of factors that determine the choice of ADP technology in organizations.The empirical section of the work at hand consists of two case studies and an overview study. The case studies, which concern two extensive ADP projects, are emphasized. The purpose of these two projects was to raise the degree of computerization and to choose both a configuration and degree of uniformity. In both cases however the configuration turned out to be the most critical issue. One concerned the administration of social insurance in Sweden, Rationalisering av den allmänna försäkringens administration (Rationalization of the Swedish social insurance administration), hereafter called the RAFA project. The other case study, referred to here as the FFV study, deals with an administrative system for the manufacturing sector of the FFV Group The overview study, called the Norrköping study, deals mainly with the technological level and the ADP configuration in a wide spectrum of organizations. The level and the configuration are viewed against an overarching organizational structure, the worksite placement of qualified ADP staff, the line of business and the size of the firm. The study consists of an opinion poll and three delimited secondary studies.In the initial stage of each project, rational motives dominated. These were founded on cost and effect assessments and on developments in the field of computer science. From a structural viewpoint, investments in computers seemed self-evident; efficiency goals were paramount. However, an ADP undertaking entails not only rationalization in the conventional sense, it also brings to the ideational aspects inherent in the organization. While ADP technology was believed necessary, it became, in the preplanning and argumentation phase, a means of projecting socially determined concepts and goals. An ADP solution was sought which would combine the latest innovations in computer science with the dominant actors' organizational ideas.The dominant actors at FFV were for the most part newly appointed managers, imprinted with other organizational ideals and relationships than those characterizing FFV. The choice stood between a departure from company tradition by selecting a solution based on local minicomputers, or expanding the existing centralized main frame facility. The critics were specialists who had taken part in the design of the existing configuration. At FFV, the structural determinants had to be toned down in favor of the deliberate performance of the dominant actors. In the RAF A case, the opposite was true. The critics wanted a certain change of existing circumstances, while the dominant actors sought to preserve status quo and its underlying ideas. In the RAF A case, ADP thus became a cementing force rather than the catalyst.The Norrkoping study clearly indicates that the direction and size of an enterprise has primary importance for how much the computers are used. The ADP configuration appearance varies mainly with the organizational relationships. This is true for the placement of ADP staff and the overall structure of the organization. The main tendency is that the configuration reflects the relationships in an organization. This supports the view in the case studies that proximity to and control of the ADP has a major organizational value.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Malmgren, Helge, 1945
(author)
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On the nature of reinforcement.
- 1985
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In: Göteborg Psychological Reports. - 0301-0996. ; 16:3
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In this paper I model learning through negative reinforcement as a kind of random walk and report some simulations of the model.
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| 6. |
- Nygren, Else
(author)
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Automatic Information Processing in Document Reading. : A Study of Information Handling in Two Intensive Care Units
- 1989
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In: Proceedings of the first European Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work.
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A study was made of information handling in intensive care units in two hospitals. In one of the units the information about the patients was read from paper documents whereas in the other unit the same kind of information was read from computer screens. In both units co-operative work was being done with documents or forms containing data regarding seriously ill patients. The results show that in the paper based environment there is a reason to believe that a number of information activities can be automatized in human cognition sense. In the computerized environment however, these same activities seem to require conscious attention thus leading to high attentional demand.
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| 7. |
- Gard, G, et al.
(author)
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Stress and qualification of computer work
- 1989
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In: Work with display units 89: Selected papers from the second international conference of work with display units (Eds. L Berlinguet, D Berthelette.
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 8. |
- Jonsson, Marita, 1943-
(author)
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Natur- och kulturturism på Gotland
- 1989
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In: Kulturmiljövård. - Stockholm : Riksantikvarieämbetet. - 1100-4800. ; [14]:2, s. 19-21
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)
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| 9. |
- Kavathatzopoulos, Iordanis, 1956-
(author)
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Learning Adaptive Methods in Solving Moral Conflicts : Ethics Simulation in a Computer Micro-World
- 1988
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In: SCHOOLS AND FAMILIES IN MORAL EDUCATION. - Pittsburgh : THE UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH, SCHOOL OF EDUCATION. ; , s. 18-18
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The paper describes a computer simulation developed for the study of decision-making andproblem-solving in ethics. The simulation allows the experimental control of the feedback ofan individual's use of moral problem-solving methods. The hypothesis is that the individualadopts adaptive problems-solving methods.
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| 10. |
- Malmgren, Helge, 1945, et al.
(author)
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Selective attention is selective learning.
- 1989
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In: Göteborg Psychological Reports. - 0301-0996. ; 19:2
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In this paper we model bottom-up induced selective attention as a redistribution of learning ability in a system of neurons, and present some simulations to illustrate the concept.
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