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| 2. |
- Johansson, Erika, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Towards Sustainable Conservation and Use of Materials in Built Environments : Summary from the FORSCENE workshop: Industry/Economy, Vienna, October 23-24, 2006
- 2007
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Ingår i: Giljum, S., Hinterberger, F., Hammer, M. (Eds.), Report from the FORSCENE workshop Industry-Environment, Sustainable Europe Research Institute (SERI), Vienna, October 2006, Part 2..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Up until today, no comprehensive efforts have been made, and principles are yet to be established for the ‘sustainable conservation’ of the built environment – in an inter- and transdisciplinary manner, including systematic integrative modelling and an appreciation of the inherent values of already existing structures and ambiences. Existing built structures and environments are still often seen as obstacles for sustainable development. It may be argued that a more preventive and integrated approach, i.e. an early estimation and a meta-level understanding of the built environment and its processes; its critical loads, inherent qualities, values, threats, life cycles, production chains, recyclability and quantities etc., would rather promote any kind of planning for a sustained future and the proper use of materials by hindering unnecessary material flows - i.e. through their unnecessary/unsympathetic production, exploitation and/or use, that would minimise their negative impact on peoples lives and the environment. This alternative and more preventative approach - earlier the predominant way of handling urban planning, construction and development (i.e. the production and utilisation of both existing and planned for resources, e.g. by the use of high quality production technologies and crafts, processes and skills), was historically much based on the valorisation of costs of manpower, materials, traditional knowledge, techniques and low-energy modes of transportation, compared to modern circumstances. There was also a profound knowledge of economics in more general terms and a well-developed forecasting of future scenarios. Given the demands for a sustained future, it would be reasonable to assume that this knowledge and approach would have a great deal to offer also to the planning and epistemological modelling of our times.
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| 3. |
- Johansson, Erika, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Towards Sustainable Conservation and Use of Materials in Built Environments
- 2007
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Ingår i: Giljum, S., Hinterberger, F., Hammer, M. (Eds.), Report from the FORSCENE workshop Industry-Environment, Sustainable Europe Research Institute (SERI), Vienna, October 2006, Part 2..
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Up until today, no comprehensive efforts have been made, and principles are yet to be established for the ‘sustainable conservation’ of the built environment – in an inter- and transdisciplinary manner, including systematic integrative modelling and an appreciation of the inherent values of already existing structures and ambiences. Existing built structures and environments are still often seen as obstacles for sustainable development. It may be argued that a more preventive and integrated approach, i.e. an early estimation and a meta-level understanding of the built environment and its processes; its critical loads, inherent qualities, values, threats, life cycles, production chains, recyclability and quantities etc., would rather promote any kind of planning for a sustained future and the proper use of materials by hindering unnecessary material flows - i.e. through their unnecessary/unsympathetic production, exploitation and/or use, that would minimise their negative impact on peoples lives and the environment. This alternative and more preventative approach - earlier the predominant way of handling urban planning, construction and development (i.e. the production and utilisation of both existing and planned for resources, e.g. by the use of high quality production technologies and crafts, processes and skills), was historically much based on the valorisation of costs of manpower, materials, traditional knowledge, techniques and low-energy modes of transportation, compared to modern circumstances. There was also a profound knowledge of economics in more general terms and a well-developed forecasting of future scenarios. Given the demands for a sustained future, it would be reasonable to assume that this knowledge and approach would have a great deal to offer also to the planning and epistemological modelling of our times.
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| 4. |
- Rosengren, Calle, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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From white dress to white collar : a historical perspective on the hospital ward administrator
- 2007
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Ingår i: Aili, C., Nilsson, L-E., Svensson, L.G., Denicolo, P. (eds), In tension between organization and profession. - Lund : Nordic Academic Press. - 9789185509027 ; , s. 155-167
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 5. |
- Löfhede, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Classification of burst and suppression in the neonatal electroencephalogram
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Neural Engineering. - : Institute of Physics Publishing Ltd.. - 1741-2560 .- 1741-2552. ; 5:4, s. 402-410
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Fisher's linear discriminant (FLD), a feed-forward artificial neural network (ANN) and a support vector machine (SVM) were compared with respect to their ability to distinguish bursts from suppressions in electroencephalograms (EEG) displaying a burst-suppression pattern. Five features extracted from the EEG were used as inputs. The study was based on EEG signals from six full-term infants who had suffered from perinatal asphyxia, and the methods have been trained with reference data classified by an experienced electroencephalographer. The results are summarized as the area under the curve (AUC), derived from receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves for the three methods. Based on this, the SVM performs slightly better than the others. Testing the three methods with combinations of increasing numbers of the five features shows that the SVM handles the increasing amount of information better than the other methods.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
- Ferdos, Fariba, 1966
(författare)
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InAS Quantum Dots for Laser Applications and Pedogogical, Gender, and Multicultural Aspects in Engineering Education
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis builds on new cross-disciplinary research between engineering and educational sciences. Recently, two other theses that combine research in physics and education (Åke Ingerman, 2002, and Tom Adawi, 2002) have been completed in Sweden. This thesis consolidates a trend that can benefit both disciplines. It is similar to the other theses in that it focuses on engineering education and investigates knowledge formation in a scientific subject. It differs in that the scientific study concerns a different area of physics. Its original contribution is that it focuses on the pedagogical, socio-cultural and gendered context in which learning in engineering education takes place and does so by means of a cross cultural, autobiographical case study and three action research projects. These projects deal with a pedagogy of e-learning (paper E), developing generic capabilities in online learning (papers C and E), learning in groups (papers B and G) and gender equity in physics (paper D). The thesis is divided into two parts. The study in engineering science (photonics) was successfully defended at the licentiate level and is reported in appended paper A and in published articles (papers H to M). The pedagogical study in engineering education is reported in the following chapters and in papers B to G.The scientific engineering study concerns the development of InAs Quantum Dot (QD) structures on GaAs substrate for 1.3 μm laser applications and investigations of how structural and optical properties of InAs QDs depend on the growth conditions and the choice of pre-layer and cap materials. Growth conditions for the best luminance intensity and line width were found for substrate temperatures (500-520oC) and nominal InAs layer thickness (3.3-3.7 monolayers). It was found that the QD size was considerably reduced during initial GaAs capping, resulting in a blue-shift of the emission wavelength. The density of the QDs also reduces significantly during GaAs capping. Using an Al-containing cap layer the size reduction can be suppressed, and therefore a longer emission wavelength can be obtained. The density of QDs can also be increased. Furthermore, introducing a thin InAlAs cap layer resulted in 1.3 μm emission with a large energy separation between the ground and the first excited state transmission. A record transition energy separation of 108 meV was demonstrated.
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| 9. |
- Jönsson, Johanna, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Överskottsvärme från kemiska massabruk - En socioteknisk analys av interna och externa användningspotentialer
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- I rapporten beskrivs och analyseras utifrån ett sociotekniskt perspektiv möjligheter och begränsningar för utnyttjande av överskottsvärme vid kemiska avsalubruk. Både internt och externt utnyttjande av värmet studeras. Särskilt fokuseras på relationer samt eventuella konflikter, både rent teknisk/ekonomiska och samhälleliga, mellan olika interna och externa användningsområden. Projektet, och därmed även rapporten, antar med dess breda frågeställningar formen av en förstudie inför kommande forskningsprojekt. Mer konkret ställs forskningsfrågor som: Vilka sociotekniska förutsättningar styr avvägningen mellan internt utnyttjande och externt utnyttjande, i form av fjärrvärme, av industriellt överskottsvärme vid kemiska avsalubruk och hur påverkar befintliga politiska styrmedel dessa förutsättningar? Vilka hinder och drivkrafter existerar för utnyttjande av industriellt överskottsvärme från kemiska avsalubruk? Hur påverkas möjligheter och begränsningar för utnyttjande av industriellt överskottsvärme av olika systemsyn och systemavgränsningar? På vilket sätt inkluderas nyttjande av industriellt överskottsvärme i de olika företagens strategier? Rapporten består i huvudsak av tre delar. I de första kapitlen presenteras forskningsproblemet samt tidigare forskning på området. I kapitel 5 presenteras resultaten från den tekniska studien och i kapitel 6 analyseras dessa resultat tillsammans med resultaten från 5 intervjuer som genomförts med nyckelpersoner vid energibolag samt kemiska massabruk. Studiens resultat pekar bland annat på att det finns, enligt den tekniska studien, en viss konkurrens om överskottsvärmet när det har en relativt hög temperatur eftersom det då kan användas även internt i bruket. I intervjuerna framkommer dock att varken industrin eller energibolagen upplever någon konflikt eller konkurrens om värmet. De hinder för externt nyttjande av överskottsvärme i form av fjärrvärme som har identifierats är både av social och av ekonomisk karaktär. Hinder av teknisk/ekonomisk karaktär är bland annat vilka anläggningar som redan finns (eller planeras) i systemet, och som därmed konkurrerar med överskottsvärmet om att nyttjas för produktion av fjärrvärme, elcertifikatsystemet, risken för driftsstörningar i industrin med påföljande leveransavbrott samt det fysiska avståndet mellan industrin och fjärrvärmenätet. Vidare framkommer att i en kommun där det finns avfallsbaserad värmeproduktion blir det inte vare sig ur ett helhetsperspektiv eller sett enbart från energibolagets håll lönsamt att köpa in överskottvärme från massabruket. På samma sätt gynnar inte ett energisystem baserat på elcertifikatberättigad biobränslekraftvärme externt nyttjande av överskottsvärme. Genom att dra systemgränsen kring enbart sitt eget system finns det, förutom en risk för suboptimeringar, en risk för att tekniskt, ekonomiskt och miljömässigt hållbara lösningar blir förbisedda. När en region står inför nyinvesteringar i energisystemet är det viktigt att överväga alla de möjligheter som finns. Vid intervjuerna framkom dessutom att energifrågans status hos bruken har ökat kraftigt i takt med att priserna på el och bränslen har stigit. Bruken tror även att den rådande situationen kommer att vara mer eller mindre bestående och de måste därför utveckla ett ”energiben” att stå på, för att även i framtiden kunna vara lönsamma och konkurrenskraftiga på den internationella marknaden.
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| 10. |
- Lodén, Jonas, 1973, et al.
(författare)
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Towards Energy Efficient Housing – the importance of local energy planning
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceedings of International Forum on Energy Efficiency in Housing, 23-25 November 2009, Vienna, Austria.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A strategy for local energy planning must be in place in order to transform the local energy system and must comprise all relevant sectors and decision makers, i.e. include the residential sector with its relevant stakeholders. Thus, the housing sector cannot be treated inisolation but should rather be part of an analysis which takes a municipal energy systems perspective. This paper reports from an EU IEE (Intelligent Energy Europe) supported work named PATH-TO-RES which develops a methodology to be used as support tool for local energyplanning. The work uses a number of local case studies (Göteborg (SE), Valencia (ES), Dunkerque (FR), Gdansk (PL) and Arnhem and Lochem (NL)) to develop a step-by-stepassessment which can evaluate and define Pathways to renewable and efficient energy systems.A Pathway is a cost efficient way to bridge over from the present energy system to a sustainable system. In short, the proposed methodology starts with a detailed description of the present system (energy infrastructure as well as decision makers and stakeholders) and, based on this, anumber of steps are defined with the aim to serve as check points to ensure that one or more Pathways can be formulated which describe how the local energy system can be transformed to comply with goals and targets.In order to describe the energy systems of the six case studies in a common way, a schematic model called a RES-diagram (RES=Reference Energy System) has been applied, from which the structure (i.e. components, flows and connections) and energy balance of the systems can bedetermined. In the six municipalities studied considerable variation of population, land area and scale and characteristics of the existing energy systems exist. Differences and similarities between the six systems are highlighted and the paper discusses pre-requisites and conditions for municipal energy planning, based on energy systems of the case study regions.
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