| 1. |
- Högman, Ann-Kristin, 1959-
(författare)
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Ageing in a changing society : Elderly men and women in urban Sweden 1830-1930
- 1999
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study deals with the impact of industrialisation and urbanisation on the living conditions of aged men and women. By studying labour force participation, savings and pensions, the role of the family, and the extent of dependency of aged men and women from a gender and class perspective, continuities and changes between pre-industrial and industrial times are examined. The main focus is placed on the situation of elderly persons living in the town of Sundsvall between 1830 and 1930. This town became the commercial centre of one of the largest saw-mill districts in the world at the end of the nineteenth century. The residence patterns of old men and women in Sundsvall are also compared with those in two other Swedish industrialised urban areas; the capital Stockholm and the textile centre Norrköping.According to modernisation theorists, industrialisation and urbanisation led to an increase in dependency in old age, due to weakening family ties and unemployment. This study shows the complexity of the issue. It is true that some sources reveal a declining proportion of men participating in the labour force at the very end of the period of observation, but this was primarily due to the introduction of the national pension system in 1914. On the other hand, other records show a stability or even an increasing proportion of elderly men and women in the labour market.By contrast with previous studies of the residence patterns of aged persons, this dissertation shows a very high percentage of elderly women living alone in all three urban areas selected for study. However, this was not solely a sign of isolation, since the vast majority of those elderly living in households of their own had children residing in the vicinity. Furthermore, many old men and women shared households with their children, although this pattern was less common among the working class. The role of off-spring appears to have been important both in pre-industrial and industrial times. The residence patterns of the urban elderly were probably influenced by traditional rural living arrangements, to the extent that old couples and their married children often lived close to each other but usually maintained households of their own. Old parents and their adult children might have preferred to live in separate households instead of crowding in with each other.The unmarried elderly were probably most affected by the transformations taking place at the end of the nineteenth century. A considerable number of them migrated late in life, leaving all their relatives behind. Therefore, they became highly vulnerable. Unmarried men tended to be more exposed to the dangers of urban life. They probably experienced tougher working conditions, had weaker social networks, and could not manage on their own to the same extent as women. Therefore, a larger propor-tion of men than women ended up in the workhouse.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Magnusson, Eva, 1947-
(författare)
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Vardagens könsinnebörder under förhandling : om arbete, familj och produktion av kvinnlighet
- 1998
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The subject of this study was Swedish women's experiences of their everyday lives as lived between the demands of work and family. Twenty female civil servants were interviewed six times each over a three and a half year period when their work places underwent organizational changes.One purpose of the study was to investigate how women while managing everyday demands reproduce or transform the meanings of gender in their own lives. A second purpose was to discuss the impact of these processes on women's self-understandings and ways of relating to power and issues of gender equality, as well as the meanings of "femininity" in their lives.The repeated semi-structured interviews were analysed using two qualitative approaches: the first focused on the ways individual women understood and negotiated their everyday lives. It yielded four main areas of negotiation: the personal biography as a dynamic context in which a woman understands her experiences; the balancing between work and family generally managed by women; women's often somewhat ambiguous personal fit at work; and the striving for subject positions at work. In the second approach discourse analysis was used to study how gender is locally reproduced or transformed from personal experiences set in specific discursive contexts. Modes of understanding were in focus; i.e. the different ways women may integrate experiences as parts of their sense of self, depending mainly on social positionings. Important discursive themes were the women's self-presentations, their experiences of gender equality and power differentials, and their ways of relating to femininity.The dissertation also discusses the types of psychological theory best suited to the historically changeable contents of "femininity", in contrast to its more stable relational qualitites of subordination vs. superordination, and argues for theory situated in a feminist social constructionist framework.
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| 4. |
- Lundquist, Robert
(författare)
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Quality Systems and ISO 9000 in Higher Education
- 1997
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Ingår i: Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0260-2938 .- 1469-297X. ; 22:2, s. 159-172
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the contemporary discussion about quality in higher education, so called 'quality systems' have received widespread attention. In this paper, quality systems in general, and ISO 9000 in particular, will be described, together with the results from a survey of institutions in higher education worldwide. The intention was to find out where, why and how quality systems had been implemented. The institutions involved have experiences of the implementation of quality systems according to some part of the ISO 9000 series of standards, and in most cases they have also gained certification to some standard. As well as the results from the study, some comments concerning quality systems and their implementation thereof in higher education are given.
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| 5. |
- Lundquist, Robert
(författare)
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Using a quality award for self-assessments in higher education
- 1996
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Ingår i: Quality in Higher Education. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1353-8322 .- 1470-1081. ; 2:2, s. 105-116
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The Swedish Quality Award (SQA) is one of a number of similar instruments to be used in self-assessments. It is similar to, inter alia, the Malcolm Baldridge National Quality Award used in the USA, and to the European Quality Award. The intention is that it will provide support in working with continuous quality improvements. To investigate the possibilities of using this instrument in higher education, a study was performed during 1994. The study comprised two parts: assessments of different institutions and studies of expreiences from similar organisations where the SQA has been used.The results indicate that usage of this instrument could provide an effective way to reach a general picture of some important aspects in an institution, and that this picture can be a basis for further quality improvements. The study also suggets both suitable ways to conduct assessments and some possible pitfalls.
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| 6. |
- Persson, Olle, 1949-
(författare)
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Forskning i bibliometrisk belysning
- 1991
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Hur hävdar sig svensk forskning i en internationell jämförelse? Hur ser det internationella samarbetet ut inom vetenskapen? Vad kännetecknar den svenska forskningen jämfört med andra länder? Svar på dessa frågor kan vi få med hjälp av bibliometri, dvs genom att räkna hur många artiklar som publiceras av länder inom olika forskningsfält.Idag finns det litteraturdatabaser som gör det möjligt att få fram uppgifter om när, var och av vem forskningen utförts. Sådan kunskap är av speciellt intresse för forskningspolitik, men bibliometrin kan också användas inom vetenskapssociologi, vetenskapshistoria, informationsvetenskap och biblioteksforskning. I denna bok presenteras en rad exempel på bibliometriska studier och där svensk forskning står i fokus. Det visas också hur man med hjälp av citeringslänkar kan beskriva den pågående forskningens struktur och intellektuella rötter.
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| 7. |
- Sjögren, Mikael, 1961-
(författare)
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Fattigvård och folkuppfostran : liberal fattigvårdspolitik 1903-1918
- 1997
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The present study treats liberal poor relief policy in Sweden between 1903 and 1918. In using institutionalist theory and Yvonne Hirdman's gender theory, along with qualitative analysis, the author interprets the motives of the actors, distilling from them both the values, attitudes and norms they themselves represented, and those they wished to communicate to the poverty-stricken through poor relief.This study shows that the liberal reformers, with the liberal, "help-to-self-help" idea as their basic ideological foundation, wanted to shape poor relief institutions so that those who came into contact with poor relief authorities would be taught to assume responsibility for their own lives. Poor relief was intended to develop the individual's will and ability to support him/herself and his/her family. Maintenance obligation was a central element here; those who neglected this obligation were therefore apprehended as criminals, and toughened regulations for neglecting the maintenance obligation were introduced into the poor relief law of 1918.Poor relief was also to be formed so that it would have a deterrent effect. Unchecked charity would be counteracted and the individual prevented from becoming dependent upon receiving welfare. This would be effected through preventive measures for the conscienious recipients, and moral education for the unruly ones.In order that the right measures be taken in each individual case, the liberal reformers advocated an individualized system of poor relief whereby poor people were judged to be either "worthy" or "unworthy", according to a moral yardstick. However, in the legislation it is apparent that the male is considered to be the norm, since it was the inability to secure gainful employment that gave one the right to receive poor relief. This employment criterion disregarded the fact that it was most often the husband who was the family provider, while the wife most often worked in the household. The poor housewife was made invisible and thus found herself relegated to a no-man's land somewhere in between the "worthy" and "unworthy" poor.The female reformers, warders and the poor women themselves lived within the confines of a gender system where the man represented the norm. However, there existed sub-systems side-by-side and on different levels of society, with class differences acting as the watershed. The progressive middle- and upper-class women and the female warders lived in a system of separation of the male and female spheres which allowed them to take the step out into the public arena — within certain boundaries — while the poor women lived in a system constructed with men foremost in mind.In conclusion, one may say that moral education was a type of social engineering intended to realize a liberal social Utopia, where all individuals would have the will and the ability to support themselves.
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| 8. |
- Brändström, Sture, et al.
(författare)
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Två musikpedagogiska fält : en studie om kommunal musikskola och musiklärarutbildning
- 1995
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The thesis consists of two parts. One is directed towards municipal music schools, and one deals with music teacher education at university level. The purpose was to investigate the recruitment to these two educations, and to describe and explain how different student groups perceived and used their education. Five empirical studies have been accomplished, and central questions were: which deliberate and non-deliberate choices of musical activities are made by children and music students, and how are these choices affected by socio-economical, geographical and gender prerequisites.Theoretically, the first part of the thesis was based on the educational sociology of Pierre Bourdieu and on previous empirical studies in music pedagogy. The first empirical study was directed towards the recruitment of pupils to the municipal music school in Piteå (n=1085). The study showed that two out of three pupils are girls. Furthermore, it was twice as common among children of higher employees and university graduates to study at the music school than among children with working class backgrounds. The second empirical study was an interview with children, 12-13 years of age (n=369). The results indicated that boys and girls understand and use music and music education in significantly different ways. Furthermore, differences related to socioeconomic background, musical background and residential area were also shown.The second part of the thesis begins with a summary of the origin and scientific basis of Swedish music pedagogy, followed by an investigation regarding recruitment to the music teacher education at the School of Music in Piteå (n=177). The investigation indicated that recruitment is socially biased, similar to that of the municipal music school. One third of the music teacher students were recruited from families where one of the parents worked as a teacher. One out of three students came from homes where religion was an important part of family life. In an interview-study with 60 music teacher students, differences related to gender and educational orientation arose in how students looked upon and used their education. The study showed two attitudes to music and music education, which were linked to the following concepts: musician code and teacher code. In connection with these concepts, three action strategies could be identified: navigation, revolt, and adjustment. These strategies were interpreted as an expression of the tension between the demands of the education and the individuals' wish to have his or her interests and needs met. The dissertation concludes with a project called "Self-formulated goals and self-evaluation in music education" and a short forward-looking discussion pertaining to questions that have been generated throughout the entire research process.
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| 9. |
- Dellenbrant, Jan Åke
(författare)
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The Baltic Sea co-operation : visions and realities
- 1999. - 1
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Ingår i: Nordic region-building in a European perspective. - : Routledge. - 9781138337176 - 9780429809583 - 9780429442605 ; , s. 83-97
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter presents an analysis of the impact of co-operation and integration within the Baltic Sea Region. The Baltic Sea Region constitutes an important frontier region in Europe. Sweden, Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Denmark are important nation states in what is labelled the Baltic Sea Region. Although not having direct access to the Baltic Sea, Norway is in most cases included in the Baltic Sea Region co-operation. A special problem with the Baltic Sea Region is related to the problematic Eastern delimitation. The Baltic Sea Region exists because people agree that it exists. The co-operation in the Baltic Sea Region involves a number of actors: governments, parliaments, cities and towns, universities, trade associations, enterprises, organisations and popular movements as well as individual citizens. Most of the work is carried out in a network fashion where the networks often interact with each other.
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| 10. |
- Eskilsson, Lena, 1951-
(författare)
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Drömmen om kamratsamhället : Kvinnliga medborgarskolan på Fogelstad 1925-35
- 1991
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The dissertation deals with ideas and visions of female citizenship at the time when Swedish women obtained the right to vote.Sources used are school archive material, school diaries, newspaper articles, letters, autobiographies, personal records, lecture manuscripts and notes etc.The main aim is to show how a group ofradical liberal women, "Fogelstadgruppen" - Elisabeth Tamm, landowner, farmer and one of the first female members of the Swedish Parliament, Kerstin Hesselgren, Sweden’s very first woman MP, also social politician, factory- and house inspector, Ada Nilsson, physician, Elin Wagner, author and Honorine Hermelin, teacher and headmistress oft he School - tried to find new ways of improving societal development.Ideals connected with liberalism, individualism, feminism - women’s experience and knowledge of private life - were fundamental.The major issues discussed at Fogelstad and aived at ”Tidevarvet”, The Epoch, a weekly radical magazine for women started 1923 by the group, are still topical today: women’s rights - in education, employment and family - as well as pacifism, environmental questions and the political implications of women’s protests over these and other topics.”Fogelstadgruppen” based their activities primarily on the view that women had special qualities, which society should nurture. This particularity of women was based on social and cultural circumstances rather than biological. All women, they considered, have deep and genuine experience of the morality ofthe private life, of kindship and friendship, moral standards and values that society needed to develop true democracy for all its citizens. Some aspects of this idea had their roots in the Swedish somen’s movement with Fredrika Bremer, Ellen Key and later Elin Wagner as leading figures.In the 1930s, at the time of what was to become the famous ”Swedish model”, with it’s large-scale, rational, collective solutionsto societal problems, the female alternative offered by ”Fogelstadgruppen”, the Women Citizens’ school and ”Tidevarvet” - a decentralized, organic society, organised in small, informal groups - did not attract enough women citizens to become an influential force in society. But it was an interesting and brave attempt.
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