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- Jonsson, Robert
(författare)
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Organisationstillblivelse och identitet : en studie av ÖstSam
- 2002
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- "Organisationstillblivelse och identitet - en studie av ÖstSam" är en licentiatavhandling som syftar till att bidra med kunskaper om organisationers tillblivelse i termer av identitet. A v handlingen bygger på en studie av framväxten av organisationen ÖstSam. I tid sträcker sig studien från slutet av 1996 till början av år 2000. Från hösten 1998 har framväxten följts via intervjuer, observationer och dokument.Studien beskriver framväxten av ÖstSam. Vidare tolkas framväxten utifrån identitet som perspektiv. Detta görs genom att vad ÖstSam utvecklats till i termer av identitet presenteras. Hur ÖstSams identitet växt fram beskrivs också. Utifrån fallet ÖstSam och med hjälp av teorier som presenteras, diskuteras hur organisationers tillblivelse kan förstås i termer av identitet. Diskussionen mynnar framförallt ut i att grundarnas intentioner utgör underlag för innehållet i identiteten, vilket har visat sig omtolkas, rekonstrueras, över tiden. Mot bakgrund av detta menar jag att en organisations innehåll och process är förutsättningar för varandra. Båda är viktiga for vad en organisation utvecklas till. Studien visar också att kontexten påverkat utvecklaodet av vilka man är. Verksamhetens art, organisationens geografiska läge samt tid i form av historiskt arv och aktöremas tankar om framtiden för organisationen har varit av betydelse för vad ÖstSam utvecklats till i termer av identitet.
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- Berlin, Cecilia, 1981
(författare)
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PRODUCTION ERGONOMICS EVALUATION - NEEDS, PROCEDURES AND DIGITAL HUMAN MODELING TOOLS
- 2009
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In production systems, human operators may be at risk for developing work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), resulting in pain, inability to work and high costs. An increasingly capable tool for identifying MSD risks early in the production design process are Digital Human Models (DHMs), although their built-in analysis tools are in great need of development regarding how they address time-related aspects of load exposure. Time-related exposure phenomena provoking MSDs are e.g. repetitive work patterns, lack of variation, fatigue effects, work enlargement effects, and distributions of activity/rest. The aim of this thesis is therefore two-fold; to explore pragmatic industrial needs regarding ergonomics evaluation and compare this to the State-of-the-art of scientific evaluation methods that address time-related aspects. The first approach, a case study in an automotive setting, revealed that switching from one evaluation method to another in a factory may be for pragmatic contextual reasons rather than based on educated selection. It was also shown that companies who do this may unintentionally risk producing evaluation results that are not equal regarding criteria levels or degree of analysis detail, rendering results difficult to use for some actors in the process.The second approach, a literature review, categorizes several time-related ergonomics terms and has proposed a ‘process-flow’ framework for the terms, based on an input-throughput-output concept. This framework can give DHM tool developers an overview of which time-related aspects interact and which combinations are suited to different analysis goals. Lastly, the thesis reflects on actor roles and time perspectives.
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- Berlin, Cecilia, 1981
(författare)
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Production Ergonomics Evaluation – Needs, Procedures and Digital Human Modeling Tools
- 2009
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In production systems, human operators may be at risk for developing work-relatedmusculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), resulting in pain, inability to work and high costs. Anincreasingly capable tool for identifying MSD risks early in the production designprocess are Digital Human Models (DHMs), although their built-in analysis tools are ingreat need of development regarding how they address time-related aspects of loadexposure. Some examples of time-related exposure phenomena provoking MSDs arerepetitive work patterns, lack of variation, fatigue effects, work rotation effects, anddistributions of activity/rest. The aim of this thesis is therefore two-fold; to explorepragmatic industrial needs regarding ergonomics evaluation and compare this to theState-of-the-art of scientific evaluation methods that address time-related aspects.The first approach, a case study in an automotive setting, revealed that switching fromone evaluation method to another in a factory may be for pragmatic contextual reasonsrather than based on educated selection. It was also shown that companies who do thismay unintentionally risk producing evaluation results that are not equal regardingcriteria levels or degree of analysis detail, rendering results unsatisfactory to use forsome actors in the process.The second approach, a literature review, categorizes several time-related ergonomicsterms and has proposed a ‘process-flow’ framework for the terms, based on an inputthroughput-output concept. This framework can give DHM tool developers an overviewof which time-related aspects interact and which combinations are suited to differentanalysis goals.Lastly, the thesis reflects on actor roles and time perspectives.
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- Brunklaus, Birgit, 1970
(författare)
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Organisational background to environmental impacts - Field study on housing management in Gothenburg
- 2005
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Today, there is a rich variety of technical solutions for environmental improvements of buildings. Nevertheless, the environmental performance of for example residential buildings has not been changed since the 1980s. Management initiative is needed for the introduction of technical solutions for environmental improvements. Why are managerial actions lacking? Environmental research on environmental management systems (EMS) is not enough. There is a need for environmental research on general management.This thesis is an environmental systems’ study on general management in housing management organisations. The question is whether or not organising processes have an influence on the environmental performance. The thesis consists of a theoretical (framework and model) and an empirical part (field study). In the theoretical part, a framework for conducting studies within the environmental assessment of organising (EAO) has been developed. Technology has been identified as a central relation between the organisational and environmental aspects. The environmental assessment tool Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) was adapted to the field of housing management. Instead of one dimension (environment), the adapted LCA model implies three dimensions (environmental, organisational, time). The organisational part of the framework focuses on management of technology and organisational processes related to technology. In the empirical part, the adapted LCA model is tested in the form of a comparative study of two housing management organisations in the Gothenburg area, HSB and FAMBO, both with similar buildings, County Governor style apartment blocks. Sufficient for the research questions is the study of ’local‘ organisational processes and their relation to consumption data instead of LCA data. Time series over a 10-year period of consumption data (energy and water) were performed. Findings show that organisational differences between HSB and FAMBO lead to 25 - 30 %, occasionally even up to 50 % differences in energy and water use. The results indicate that HSB’s flexible planning and controlling can meet new demands on energy efficiency better than FAMBO’s rigid cycles.It is concluded that organising processes have an influence on environment performance. ’Local‘ organisational processes of managing technical systems can explain environmental performance. Organisational aspects influencing environmental performance that were identified were focus of management, flexible maintenance plans, operational measures, as well as renovation.
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- Brunnberg, Elinor, 1948-
(författare)
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I välfärdens skugga : socialt arbete med barn i Sverige och England
- 2001
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med studien har varit att beskriva skillnader och likheter i socialtjänstens och Personal social services arbete med barn i Sverige och England. Vid insamlandet av det empiriska materialet har två lokala områden - Örebro och Leicestershire framförallt fokuserats. I Örebro har även jämförelser över tid gjorts mellan 1992 och 1998/1999. Studiens design har varit att socialarbetare i Sverige och England, fått ta bedöma samma fiktiva fallbeskrivning - en vinjett. Socialarbetarna har även kvalitativt intervjuats och besvarat ett frågeformulär. I studien har även en enkät om tillgången på barnomsorg besvarats av 38 mellansvenska kommuner. Jämförelser har gjorts med det engelska countiet dvs. två befolkningsmässigt lika stora områden. Resultat från studien visar att den offentliga barnomsorgen i det engelska countiet är begränsad. En ministödsmodell där familjestödet och den offentliga barnomsorgen ges i begränsad omfattning tycks gälla. England är en 'femalecarer' stat. Familjestödet och den offentliga barnomsorgen är däremot i Sverige mer omfattande och kan sägas utgå från en behovsmodell. Sverige kan beskrivas som en 'dualcarer' stat där den andra vårdande parten förutom kvinnorna är staten. I en vinjettstudie där socialarbetare i de båda länderna bedömt ett utsatt barns situation reagerar svenska och engelska socialarbetare olika. De svenska socialarbetarna vill engagera sig i en mindre problemfylld situation än de engelska. I en sannolik misshandelssituation vill socialarbetarna i den svenska kommunen oftare än de engelska socialarbetarna omhänderta barnet. Vad som är 'det bästa' för barnet bedöms olika. Ett skyddande barnperspektiv tycks ha förstärkts i den svenska kommunen under 1990-talet. De svenska socialarbetarna ville 1998/1999 oftare än 1992 omhänderta och placera barnet någon annanstans än i familjen. Trots de skilda attityder svenska och engelska socialarbetare visar i vinjettstudien omhändertas förhållandevis ungefär lika många barn i verkligheten i Sverige och England. Den svenska socialtjänsten tycks vara mer accepterad och paternalistisk än den engelska, som är mer ifrågasatt och där familjeautonomin prioriteras samtidigt som staten även i England skyddar och ger stöd till barn i utsatta situationer. Synen på fysisk bestraffning av barn är olika. Även barnens levnadsvillkor skiljer sig åt bl.a. genom att betydligt fler engelska än svenska barn växer upp i fattigdom. Socialarbetarna i båda länderna bedömde sin professionella status på mellan eller låg nivå. De svenska socialarbetarna upplevde dock att de befann sig i medvind medan de engelska socialarbetarna befann sig i motvind.
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| 10. |
- Börjesson, Martin, 1980
(författare)
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Energy system perspectives on transport biofuel policies – a modelling analysis
- 2008
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Climate concerns and energy security issues have in recent years triggered the interest in biofuels for transport. This has resulted in governmental and intergovernmental targets that, if implemented, will lead to an unprecedented growth in biofuel production. There are several alternative options to achieve reductions of greenhouse gas emissions and less dependence on imported energy carriers. However, due to limited resources, regarding both energy supply and economic room to manoeuvre, solutions can often be in conflict with each other. This work analyses system aspects of biofuels for transport and competing technology options. Special attention is given to the influence of transport biofuel policies on cost-effective choices in the transportation sector as well as in the stationary energy system. In the study, applications of the well-established, cost-optimizing MARKAL model are developed and used. The first part of the study applies a national viewpoint and includes a wide range of alternatives for vehicle technologies, fuels and fuel production technologies. In the second part, the study narrows down the perspective and a higher detail regional modelling approach is utilized. This part of the analysis focuses on applications of biomass gasification for production of transport biofuels as well as for combined heat and power (CHP) generation. The results show that transport fuel taxation is an important tool to accelerate a transition in the vehicle fleet towards more energy-efficient vehicle options, such as hybrids and plug-in hybrids. Biofuels, particularly from biomass gasification, can with promoting policies (tax exemptions etc.) obtain significant shares of the transport fuel market. Due primarily to limitations in biomass supply, this can, however, be at the expense of biomass use in the stationary energy sector. Implications can include less renewable electricity production from CHP plants in district heating systems, which would partly offset the environmental benefits. In addition, lower governmental tax revenues and higher system costs to reach climate targets can be unwanted consequences of such strategies.
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