| 1. |
- Beccalli, Elena, et al.
(författare)
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Artificial Intelligence and Ethics in Portfolio Management
- 2020
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Ingår i: Agrifoglio R., Lamboglia R., Mancini D., Ricciardi F. (eds) Digital Business Transformation. Lecture Notes in Information Systems and Organisation, vol 38.. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030473556 ; , s. 19-30
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This work in progress aims to explore ethical dilemmas connected to the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in financial portfolio management, and their managerial implications. In old school quantitative investing, portfolio allocation decisions are typically based on a well-defined investment strategy. Financial portfolio managers devise and apply investment strategies to maximize expected returns for customers’ portfolios. The introduction of AI-enhanced algorithms enables smart machines to automatically revise and update investment strategies, learning from the past. AI itself might produce significant effects on the gains and losses of the portfolio management strategies, raising ethical dilemmas connected with human versus machine responsibility, accountability, and risk. From the managerial point of view, a new dimension of performance measuring, competence evaluation and incentive allocation is required for managing AI software developers in this area. To explore such dilemmas, empirical evidence is drawn here from MDOTM, an innovative and successful young enterprise developing AI-driven investment strategies for financial markets.
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| 2. |
- Bindler, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Costs of Victimization.
- 2020
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Ingår i: Handbook of Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics. Zimmermann K. (eds).. - Cham : Springer. - 9783319573656
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This chapter surveys existing research about the causes and consequences of criminal victimization. It emphasizes the empirical challenges faced by researchers in studying such questions and highlights studies that put forth research designs that can credibly disentangle correlation from causation. This chapter is organized into three sections. First, it reviews the correlates and/or causes of victimization, and highlights the role of alcohol, exposure, and precautionary behavior. The second part discusses the impact of direct exposure to victimization on individual outcomes, including physical health, mental health and well-being, labor market outcomes, changes in behavior, and the victim-offender overlap. Finally, the third part highlights the consequences of indirect exposure to crime (i.e., not being a victim oneself) in the neighborhood and family. An overarching theme is that this is a young literature that has recently gained momentum in overcoming the limited availability of data capable of answering these important questions.
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| 3. |
- Bjälkebring, Pär, 1984, et al.
(författare)
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Aging-Related Changes in Decision-Making chapter in The Aging Consumer: Perspectives From Psychology and Economics (Marketing and Consumer Psychology Series)
- 2020
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Ingår i: The Aging Consumer: Perspectives From Psychology and Economics (Marketing and Consumer Psychology Series). - : Routledge. - 9781283044882
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Aging is associated with declines in deliberative processing and associated decision-making quality. However, people over 65 years make many of our nation's most important decisions (think about the Supreme Court, governments, and corporations around the world), perhaps indicating that deliberative decline does not fully explain adult age differences in decision-making. Instead, both deliberative/analytical and affective/experiential ways of thinking may influence decision quality. Known as a dual-process approach, these two modes of thinking can be fruitfully extended to our understanding of adult age differences in judgment and decision-making. We review research demonstrating the existence of three processes that compensate for age-related declines in deliberative ability: selective use of deliberative capacity, accumulated experience, and changes in emotional processing. In many instances, these compensatory processes may protect and sometimes improve decision-making quality in older age. Further, we show that taking a life span view of decision-making is beneficial and that those with better vs. worse decision skills may experience different life span trajectories. Lastly, we briefly introduce methods that might improve older adult decision-making in situations where they might be vulnerable.
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| 4. |
- Brettmo, Alena, et al.
(författare)
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The Role of ‘Influencers’ as Drivers of a More Sustainable Urban Freight Sector
- 2020
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Ingår i: Sustainability. - : MDPI AG. - 2071-1050. ; 12:7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Abstract The importance of stakeholders in the development of a sustainable urban freight sector has been highlighted in recent research. Not all stakeholders have a direct link to the supply chain, but they may still play a role in creating sustainable urban freight initiatives. This study explores the initiatives that norm-setting indirect stakeholders in urban freight, referred to as ‘influencers’, establish to support a more sustainable urban freight sector, and how those initiatives may impact the business models of carriers. The study uses data gathered for ongoing research into the roles of indirect stakeholders in the development of sustainable urban freight initiatives. The results indicate that influencers can put pressure on receivers regarding logistical issues and shape the physical environment in which deliveries are conducted. Influencers use three primary strategies to support sustainable urban freight: vehicle-focused measures, consolidation linked to physical infrastructure, and consolidation through behavioural changes. These initiatives impact the relationship between receivers and carriers and may push carriers to adopt more sustainable practices as well as take decisions that impact their business models. The results highlight the often-overlooked power of influencers in relation to the development of actor behaviour in the urban freight supply chain and show the potential for both conflict and change arising from the use of this power.
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| 5. |
- Denault, V., et al.
(författare)
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L’analyse de la communication non verbale: Les dangers de la pseudoscience en contextes de sécurité et de justice
- 2020
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Ingår i: Revue Internationale de Criminologie et de Police Technique et Scientifique. - 1424-4683. ; 73:1, s. 15-44
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- For security and justice professionals, the thousands of peer-reviewed articles on nonverbal communication represent important sources of knowledge. However, despite the scope of the scientific work carried out on this subject, professionals can turn to programs, methods and approaches that fail to reflect the state of science. The objective of this article is to examine (i) concepts of nonverbal communication conveyed by these programs, methods and approaches, but also (ii) the consequences of their use. To achieve this objective, we describe the scope of scientific research on nonverbal communication. A program (SPOT; “Screening of Passengers by Observation Techniques”), a method (the BAI; “Behavior Analysis Interview”) and an approach (synergology) that each run counter to the state of science are examined. Finally, we outline five hypotheses to explain why some organizations in the fields of security and justice are turning to pseudoscience and pseudoscientific techniques. © 2020, Polymedia Meichtry SA. All rights reserved.
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| 6. |
- Gangadharan, Lata, et al.
(författare)
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Antisocial Behavior in the Workplace
- 2020
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Ingår i: Zimmermann K. (eds) Handbook of Labor, Human Resources and Population Economics.. - : Springer. - 9783319573656
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antisocial behavior within the workplace can have adverse consequences on worker and firm productivity. Despite their potentially large costs, antisocial activities are rarely directly observable or recorded, making field studies on this topic relatively uncommon. This chapter presents the commonly used experimental methods to investigate workplace relevant antisocial behavior, the costs of such behavior, and possible explanations for its existence. Section “Sabotage” reviews the laboratory experimental methods that have been employed to measure sabotage; it also discusses the key results and possible explanations for this behavior. Section “Asset Destroying Actions” provides an overview of the asset destroying literature, where subjects are willing to pay to reduce others’ earnings. The final section “Dishonesty in the Workplace” focuses on the experimental literature on dishonesty, including corruption. This section also discusses potential motivations for dishonest behavior. The literature documents the existence of antisocial behavior. In particular, there is substantial evidence of sabotage, asset destroying actions, and dishonesty. The review identifies several motivations underlying these behaviors, such as envy, spite, reference dependence, inequality aversion, aversion to lying, maintenance of public and self-image, and social norms.
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