| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Kostela, Johan, Doktor i Fysikalisk kemi, 1975-
(författare)
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Användning av alkolås som kvalitetssäkringsverktyg inom transportsektorn
- 2006
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Alkoholpåverkade förare är ett stort problem i Sverige, både inom privat- och yrkestrafik. För att få bukt med problemet väljer allt fler transportverksamheter att installera alkolås i sina fordon. Dalarnas forskningsråd har under år 2006 utfört en studie för att studera hur alkolås används inom transportsektorn för kvalitetssäkra transporter.
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| 23. |
- Kostela, Johan, Doktor i Fysikalisk kemi, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Från ord till handling : Metoder för att omsätta miljömål till praktisk handling
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Ett flertal av dagens stora miljöproblem är betingade av människors livsstil. Samtidigt har dålig miljö ofta en negativ inverkan på människors hälsa. Att påverka människors beteende är nödvändigt för att åstadkomma en bättre miljö och ett förbättrat hälsotillstånd. Detta kan ske genom utbildning och information, men frågan är på vilket sätt detta ska ske för att verkligen ge avtryck i människors beteende. I handlingsplanen för Dalarnas Miljömål finns flera åtgärder som innebär informationsinsatser inom områden som berör sambandet mellan miljö och hälsa. Här finns också starka kopplingar till flera av de elva folkhälsomålen. Dalarnas Miljömål är ett måldokument med relativt hög abstraktionsnivå. Nästa steg är att operationalisera det – att gå från ord till handling. Det finns ett stort behov av att hitta metoder att kommunicera miljömålen med olika väl avgränsade målgrupper. Detta projekt har handlat om att pröva olika metoder för detta och bygger på några grundläggande pedagogiska teorier som kan sammanfattas med begreppen delaktighet och motivation. Projektet har också visat hur övergripande måldokument med fördel kan omsättas i praktiken genom att bygga nedifrån och börja i det lilla. Vad som påverkar en människas beteende styrs av en rad skilda faktorer som varierar från människa till människa, från sakområde till sakområde och som även förändras över tid. En gemensam nämnare är att det förändrade beteendet ger någon form av vinst för den enskilda människan i form av till exempel förbättrad hälsa, ekonomi eller en bättre miljö. Vinsterna för den enskilde behöver inte nödvändigtvis vara direkt kopplade till miljömålen utan kan vara indirekta som t ex önskan att tillhöra ett avantgarde, att bli omtyckt av andra etc. Det viktigaste för varje individ är att frågan ”What’s in it for me?” får ett nöjaktigt svar. Det kräver en tydlig och avgränsad målgrupp vilket är en viktig utgångspunkt i detta projekt.
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| 24. |
- Martin, Lene, et al.
(författare)
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Visual fields in children with attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder before and after treatment with stimulants.
- 2008
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Ingår i: Acta ophthalmologica. - : Wiley. - 1755-3768 .- 1755-375X. ; 86:3, s. 259-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate visual function in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), to correlate these data with the morphology of the optic nerve, and to find out if and how psychostimulant medication affects visual functions. METHODS: The visual acuity (VA) and visual fields (VFs) of 18 children with ADHD (two girls and 16 boys), aged 6-17 years, were examined before and after treatment with psychostimulants. A control group, consisting of 24 children (nine girls and 15 boys), aged 7-18 years, were examined twice to evaluate the repeatability of the tests and the learning effect. Fundus photographs were analysed by digital planimetry. RESULTS: Visual acuity increased significantly (p = 0.0039) in the ADHD group after treatment. The difference between the two VF examinations was significantly larger in the ADHD group compared with the control group (p = 0.036). Significantly more ADHD subjects had subnormal VF results without stimulants, compared with controls (p = 0.0043), but with stimulants the difference was no longer significant. CONCLUSIONS: Children with ADHD showed better VA and VF results with than without psychostimulant medication.
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| 25. |
- Pless, Mia, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation of in-service training in using the ICF and ICF version for children and youth
- 2009
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Ingår i: Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. - : Medical Journals Sweden AB. - 1650-1977 .- 1651-2081. ; 41:6, s. 451-458
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of in-service training on staff's self-reported knowledge, understanding use of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and ICF Children and Youth version (ICF-CY). DESIGN: Quasi-experimental with a questionnaire prior to training and another one year after training. METHODS: Intervention was in-service training in using the ICF and ICF-CY. Subjects were 113 professionals working in habilitation services. Two subgroups were compared: (i) subjects who reported one year after the training that they had used the ICF and ICF-CY in daily practice; and (ii) subjects who had not used these frameworks. RESULTS: The gender, age, and years of work experience of the members in the subgroups were similar. The professionals who used what they learnt from the training, and who already had knowledge about and a positive attitude to the ICF/ICF-CY prior to the training, were found to benefit most from the training. They also increased their ability to apply it to statements about everyday work. These professionals should focus on increasing their understanding and use of the ICF/ICF-CY in their everyday work and in assessment, while those who have limited prior knowledge of the ICF/ICF-CY should focus on gaining knowledge and understanding the purpose, terms and components of the framework. CONCLUSION: It is recommended that in-service training in using the ICF and ICF-CY is tailored to different groups of professionals depending on their degree of knowledge of the ICF/ICF-CY.
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| 26. |
- Sandberg, Jonas, et al.
(författare)
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The hard thing is the changes : The importence of continuity for older men caring for thir wifes
- 2007
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Ingår i: Quality in Ageing and Older Adults. - : Pier Professional Ltd. - 2044-1835 .- 1471-7794 .- 2042-8766. ; 8:2, s. 5-15
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Few studies have been conducted into the contextual and relational aspects of male caregiving that include analysis by gender and family relationships. The aim was to gain understanding of the experience of older men as caregivers for an ill spouse. A narrative approach was adopted for this study. Interviews were conducted with three older men between 65 and 78 years, who had been caring for their wives for between one and 12 years. Two main categories emerged: taking on a new and unfamiliar role, and learning to live with the new role. The results also show how the men seek to maintain continuity in their relationships with the wives they are caring for. The findings can be understood in the light of a major life transition of how older men providing care for a spouse create new roles and how they cope with the changes in the marital relationship. A sense of continuity in the process of caring is important for men to help them find the strength to continue as caregivers.
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| 27. |
- Stenwall, Ewa, et al.
(författare)
-
Relatives' experiences of encountering the older person with acute confusional state : experiencing unfamiliarity in a familiar person
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Older People Nursing. - : Wiley. - 1748-3735 .- 1748-3743. ; 3:4, s. 243-251
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aims and objectives. The aim was to understand the lived experience of close relatives encountering older persons with acute confusional state. Background. Little is known about relatives of patients with acute confusional state and their experiences while encountering a family member exhibiting acute confusional state. Design. A descriptive phenomenological research approach was used. Methods. Data were collected by interviewing 10 close relatives of older people with acute confusional state at two hospital wards. Results. Relatives experience the encounter as encountering a familiar person who has suddenly become unfamiliar, struggling to separate the familiar from the unfamiliar and trying to understand the causes of acute confusional state and the behaviour of the person. Six constituents illuminate the phenomenon: 'change in the other person', 'rapid and unexpected changes', 'experiencing insecurity in the encounter', 'trusting or mistrusting the other person', 'experiencing loss' and 'experiencing exposure'. Relevance to clinical practice. It is important for professional carers to support relatives on how to encounter the person with acute confusional state, and to co-operate with relatives to gain knowledge about the unique person behind the acute confusional state. Conclusion. Relatives' difficulties in dealing with strong emotions evoked within the encounter, experiencing limitation and lack of trust is essential knowledge for professional carers in all care settings.
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| 28. |
- Stenwall, Ewa, et al.
(författare)
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The older patient's experience of encountering professional carers and close relatives during an acute confusional state : An interview study
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Nursing Studies. - : Elsevier BV. - 0020-7489 .- 1873-491X. ; 45:11, s. 1577-1585
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Acute confusional state (ACS) is a common and difficult condition among older patients with a variety of opinions about how to act when encountering patients with ACS. Few studies to our knowledge have been found exploring the encounter from the perspective of older patients and their experiences. Objectives: The aim of this study was to understand the experiences of older patients with ACS when encountering professional carers and close relatives. Design: In order to understand older patients’ experiences of encounters during their ACS a latent qualitative content analysis was used. Settings: The data collection took place at two geriatric wards in an emergency hospital in a metropolitan area. Participants: The inclusion criteria included being aged 65 years or older and having suffered from ACS, according to the DSM-IV criteria, and having regained lucidity. Participants were being cared for at one of two geriatric wards. Patients diagnosed with dementia were excluded. About 150 patients were screened, 67 patients fulfilled the inclusion criteria and seven patients were included in the study, four females and three males, aged between 78 and 98 years. Methods: Data were collected by interviews. Results: Three themes were found, namely; ‘Feeling lonely within the perceived reality of ACS’, with three sub-themes: the unequal encounter, keeping a distance and being an outsider; ‘striving towards understanding’ with two sub-themes: searching for answers and it takes time to understand; and ‘feelings of participation in the encounter’ with two sub-themes: a mutual understanding and feeling safe and supported. Conclusions: Within the encounter the older patients with ACS are searching for answers to what is happening and why. The patients feel dependent on the persons they encounter and their willingness to understand and communicate. The patients also feel lonely, unnecessarily questioned and untrustworthy; but they can also feel safe, trusted and understood.
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| 29. |
- Weman, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Registered Nurses working together with family members of older people
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Clinical Nursing. - : Wiley. - 0962-1067 .- 1365-2702. ; 15:3, s. 281-289
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim. The aim of the study was to reach a more profound understanding, through looking at nurses' working situation, of those factors that influence how nurses are able to work together with family members of older people living in nursing homes or similar facilities. Background. Working with the care of older people as a Registered Nurse provides a varied job with many challenges. Nurses have to co-operate with family members of those in community health care. Co-operation is important and necessary for all involved. Design. Nurses working in elder care in a geographically defined area received a questionnaire with three open-ended questions, on the difficulties and/or problems involved with working together with family members, and the positive or negative aspects of this co-operation. Methods. Analysis was carried out using the latent content analysis method. Results. Three themes, problems within the system, interaction with families and caring in nursing work, are presented with categories and their subcategories. The nurses wanted their superior to be a nurse so that their working situation would be better understood. Appreciation from their superior and family members was also a very important part of their work as nurses in community health care. The frequent changes and the lack of time in the work of elder care often put nurses under considerable psychological pressure. For the most part family members are a resource for the elder, but sometimes they will avoid contact, which will make co-operating difficult. Conclusion. Registered Nurses and family members are dependent on each other in their care of the elder. Relevance to clinical practice. More attention should be paid to the working situation of Registered Nurses in community health care, and their ability to work together with family members of older people.
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| 30. |
- Åman, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
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From Toy Librarian to Special Educator.
- 2005
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Ingår i: 10th International Toy Library Conference “Building a Better World Through Play.
-
Konferensbidrag (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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