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- Elzinga, Aant, 1937
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The Science of Science in China: Report by a Specialist in Science Policy : An STS report from China 10-24 Sept 1980
- 1981
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In: Science, Technology, & Human Values. ; 6:35, s. 18-21
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Report of a two-week visit to China (10-24 Sept) in 1980, hosted by the Preparatory Committee of the Chinese Science of Science Association. At the time Chinese policy makers were interested in contemporary trends in research policy and foresight relating to priority setting in fields of science and technology. The paper describes initiatives taken to introduce what we call science and technology studies (STS) and ongoing efforts aimed at encouraging scholarly exchange with researchers in the West. Interviews were made with a number of senior scholars affiliated with the Chinese Social Sciences Academy to gain some understanding of the various changes taking place in science policy studies and the field’s relationship to policy makers at national and regional levels.
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- Adelswärd, Viveka, 1942-
(author)
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Styles of success : On impression management as collaborative action in job interviews
- 1988
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The research reported in this study takes both a general descriptive approach - investigating the characteristics of 48 job interviews - and a comparative one - analyzing ways in which those who got a job offer differed from those who did not. Data used in this study are tape recordings of job interviews with applicants for trainee-positions with a large Swedish business corporation. Additional data are tape-recordings of post-interviews made by the researcher with the applicants as well as questionnaires from the interviewers.The theoretical nations of self presentation and impression management (Goffman) have been the main points of departure for this study. All communication invalves impression,management. but job interviews focus explicidy on this aspect of interaction. Job interviews can be seen as argumentations where the applicants are actively trying to support their claim that they are perfect for the job. Their argumentations are enacted in a dialogue, however, and the applicants' ways of arguing are thus dependent on the interviewers' contributions to the dialogue. Communication is a constant handling of conflicting demands. The particular solution to these conversational dilemmas manifests itself as a personal style.Three main empirical analyses of the data were performed. The first concemed itself with the structure of the job interview. What does it look like and how is it managed? The analyses show that the responsibility for maintaining the global structure lies almost completely with the interviewer, hut that the applicant has the responsibility for managingthe local structure, for feeding interesting detalls in to the interview.The second set of analyses was concerned with the ways in which the applicants actively argued for themselves. The results show that the successful applicants qualify their claims more forcefully, by modifications, explicit analysis or humour, for instance. The successfulapplicants also receive more interactive assistance from the interviewers.The third set of analyses aimed at investigating some aspects of the interactive elimate in relation to the interviewers' different interviewing styles. The ways in which the interviewers paused and used simultaneous talk had a decisive influence on the length of the applicants' answers. The interactive element of interviewing was once more demonstrated in the analysis of laughter; in the interviews with the successful applicants there was more mutual laughter than in the interviews with the nonsuccessful applicants. The different interviewers' styles were recognized and described accurately by the applicants hut were valued differently.The main significance of the study is the demonstration of the interactive element in dialogue. The interviewers are in a certain sense actively creating the grounds on which they are to base their decision to hire the applicants or not.
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- Adolfsson, Gundula
(author)
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Förmedlingsforskning : hot eller nödvändighet?
- 1988
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In: Kronos : historia i skola och samhälle. - Linköping : Linköping University Electronic Press. - 1100-1208. ; :2, s. 63-66
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Olika vetenskaper har olika sätt och möjligheter att föra ut sina forskningsresultat. I några fall, exempelvis i filosofin eller i högre matematik kan möjligheterna vara obefintliga. Dessa ämnen kännetecknas av en forskning på hög abstraktionsnivå och frånvaron av källmaterial. Kunskaper av denna typ blir givetvis svåra att föra ut till en bredare allmänhet. Bland de humanistiska vetenskaperna finns det sådana med ett konkret källmaterial, exempelvis litteraturvetenskap, konstvetenskap, etnologi, arkeologi eller historia. Källmaterialet i dessa ämnen är forskningens underlag, men också en slags allmängods; oavsett vad vetenskapsmannen tycker kan vi bilda oss en egen uppfattning om en Picassotavla, en Strindbergpjäs eller ett svärd från vikingatiden. Dessa vetenskaper - med sitt mycket konkreta källmaterial - bidrar till att konstituera historieuppfattningar och kulturella normer i samhället.
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