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- Bäckman, Therese, 1981
(författare)
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Gynnande besluts negativa rättskraft och rättssäkerhet – för människor med funktionsnedsättning inom rättsområdena SoL och LSS
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A principle of legitimate expectations exists in a number of countries and legal systems. This thesis examines the implications of the principle and its application on a municipal level and in the administrative courts in a Swedish context. The aim of the thesis is to examine whether persons with disabilities are ensured legal certainty, through the principle of legitimate expectations, after they have received a formal legal decision about support in their every day life according to the Social Services Act (2001:453), SoL or according to The Act Concerning Support and Service for Person with Certain Functional Impairments (1993:387), LSS. The Swedish principle of legitimate expectations implicates that a favor- able decision may not be changed or revoked after the individual has received notice of the decision. This applies even if it subsequently turns out that the decision is found to be incorrect. The authorities have to stand by their decisions. The individual can feel secure that the decision may not be reversed or altered and he/she are therefore free to plan and adjust his/hers life in accordance with the decision. However Supreme Administrative Court case law has formulated three exceptions from the principle. Exceptions may be made when 1) a decision is provided with a revocation statement; 2) imperative security reasons require modification or revocation; 3) the individual has obtained the decision by false information. In addition Supreme Administrative Court case law also provides an exception that applies specifically to favorable non time-limited decisions under SoL and LSS. In this thesis the concept of legal certainty requires fulfillment of both procedural and substantial requirements. Furthermore it is concluded that the principle of legitimate expectations can be described as a guarantee for legal certainty from a theoretical point of view. However, the examination of the application of the principle shows how the municipalities have rather ample opportunities to make exceptions with the use of statements of revocation. Additional opportunities to make exceptions or circumvent the principle have also developed in practice. The relatively large possibility to make exceptions from the principle and the extended ways to circumvent the same means that it is difficult for the principle to fulfill the procedural requirements linked to the concept of legal certainty. The application of the principle also leads to social insecurity for persons with disabilities that have been granted support in every day life in accordance with SoL and LSS. Previous research has concluded that persons with disabilities are faced with legal problems within the areas of SoL and LSS. This thesis shows that persons with disabilities are faced with additional problems due to lack of legal certainty. The image of the legal problems within SoL and LSS needs to be complemented with the problem that the individual is in fact not guaranteed the support and service that he/she has been granted. He/she can not feel confident that the favorable decision will prevail.
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- Klang, Mathias, et al.
(författare)
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Tolerance is law : Remixing homage, parodying plagiarism
- 2012
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Ingår i: SCRIPTed: A Journal of law, technology & society. - : University of Edinburgh. ; 9:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Three centuries have passed since copyright law was developed to stimulate creativity and promote learning. The fundamental principles still apply, despite radical developments in the technology of production and distribution of cultural material. In particular the last decades' developments and adoption of ICT's have drastically lowered barriers, which previously prevented entry into the production and distribution side of the cultural marketplace, and led to a widening of the base at which cultural production occurs and is disseminated. Additionally, digitalization has made it economically and technically feasible for users to appropriate and manipulate early works as method of production The renegotiation of barriers and the increasing number of creators who publish their works has led to an increase in copyright violations and a pressure on copyright legislation. Many of these potential violations are tolerated, in some cases have become common practice, and created social norms. Others have not been so fortunate and the law has been rigidly enforced. This arbitrary application decreases the predictability of law and forces a situation where creation relies on the tolerance of the other copyright holders. This article analyzes different cases of reuse that test the boundaries of copyright. Some of these are tolerated, others not. When regulation fails to capture the rich variation of creative reuse, it becomes difficult to predict which works will be tolerated. The analyzes suggests that as copyright becomes prohibitive, social norms, power and the values of the copyright holder dominate and not law.
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- Ekwall, Daniel
(författare)
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Antagonistic threats against transports in EU in a supply
- 2010
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose of this paper To analysis the risk for antagonistic threats against transports in EU in order to find patterns, trends and theoretical framework in order to better handle these risks from a supply chain perspective. Design/methodology/approach The research is based on a system-theoretical approach, which emphasizes a holistic view instead of the characteristics of the different parts. The research method used in this paper is deductive. The analysis is based on official statistics over antagonistic threats against transports in EU within a frame of reference consisting of theories from supply chain risk management and criminology. Findings There is no silver bullet for solving antagonistic threats as it has always been a part of the business. Within this understanding there are many changes in hot spots, modus operandi, theft endangered objects and handling methods during time, but the basic theoretical frame of reference is still more or less the same. Research limitations/implications (if applicable) The research is based on theoretical deduction together with official statistics regarding antagonistic threats. The geographically limitation to the EU is done of practical reasons whiles the frame of reference can be used globally for analysis antagonistic threats against transports. Practical implications (if applicable) This research is limited by the lack of reliable information sources about criminal activities against logistics business. Secondary sources, like official crime statistics, are at best untrustworthy but more likely filled with large parts of hidden statistics. By using several different and independent official statistical sources and analysis the results within a common frame of reference can the validity of the research be secure. What is original/value of paper This paper is a step towards bringing theories from criminology into the scientific field of logistics and supply chain risk management.
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- Ekwall, Daniel
(författare)
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On analysing the official statistics for antagonistic threats against transports in EU : a supply chain risk perspective
- 2010
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Ingår i: Journal of Transportation Security. - : Springer Science. - 1938-7741 .- 1938-775X.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this paper is to analysis the risk for antagonistic threats against transports in EU in order to find patterns and trends. The research is based on a system-theoretical approach, which emphasizes a holistic view instead of the characteristics of the different parts. The research method used in this paper is deductive. The analysis is based on official statistics over antagonistic threats against transports in EU within a frame of reference consisting of theories from supply chain risk management and criminology. There is no silver bullet for solving antagonistic threats as it has always been a part of the business. Within this understanding there are many changes in hot spots, modus operandi, theft endangered objects and handling methods during time, but the basic theoretical frame of reference is still more or less the same. The geographically limitation to the EU is done of practical reasons whiles the frame of reference can be used globally for analysis antagonistic threats against transports. This research is limited by the lack of reliable information sources about criminal activities against logistics business. Secondary sources, like official crime statistics, are at best untrustworthy but more likely filled with large parts of hidden statistics. By using several different and independent official statistical sources and analysis the results within a common frame of reference can the validity of the research be secure. The theoretical framework is based on the theory of routine activity and its implications for logistics. This theory explains why the transport network produces the same theft opportunity over and over again.
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