| 1. |
- Gilissen, Herman Kasper, et al.
(författare)
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A framework for evaluating the effectiveness of Flood Emergency Management Systems in Europe
- 2016
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Ingår i: Ecology and Society. - 1708-3087. ; 21:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Society is faced with a range of contemporary threats to everyday life, from natural and technological hazards to accidents and terrorism. These are embodied within integrated emergency management arrangements that are designed to enhance preparedness and response to such incidents, and in turn facilitate a prompt recovery. Such arrangements must be inherently dynamic and evolve as new threats emerge or as existing threats change. An example of the latter is the changing nature of flooding, which is projected to increase in both frequency and severity with climate change. Recognizing this evolving threat, we focus on the evaluation of the effectiveness of domestic Flood Emergency Management Systems (FEMS) as components of integrated emergency management arrangements. Despite the extensive body of literature that documents success conditions of so-called effective emergency management more broadly, there have been only a few attempts to construct a comprehensive evaluation framework to support objective assessment and cross-country comparison. Addressing this gap, we formulate an evaluation framework specifically tailored to the study of FEMS in Europe, which is then provisionally applied to the study of FEMS in England (UK), France, the Netherlands, Poland, and Sweden. Important differences are observed in how FEMS have evolved in relation to differing contextual backgrounds (political, cultural, administrative, and socio-economic) and exposures to flood hazard. From this provisional assessment, a number of opportunities for, and constraints to, enhancing the effectiveness of FEMS in Europe are discerned. The evaluation framework thus serves as an important stepping stone for further indepth inquiry, and as a valuable tool for future comparative study.
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| 2. |
- Hedlund, Daniel, 1982-, et al.
(författare)
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Challenges in the Guardianship of Unaccompanied Minors Seeking Asylum
- 2018
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Ingår i: The International Journal of Children's Rights. - : Brill. - 0927-5568 .- 1571-8182. ; 26:3, s. 489-509
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper we explore the research literature relating to the guardianship of unaccompanied minors seeking asylum. In particular, we seek to find out what type of dilemmas have been identified by research concerning the guardianship of unaccompanied minors, and the focus that the literature has therefore taken. A comprehensive search of identified databases was conducted. Ultimately, 38 publications were selected for analysis. The review was qualitative and inductive. The results of the review suggest that research has identified and focused on challenges in the form of diverging policy such as gaps and inconsistencies in guardianship institutions, as well as challenges in balancing different objectives concerning the guardianship role, such as conflicting interest in the guardianship assignment or between different actors involved in protecting the child’s interest.The conclusion is that different configurations of guardianship institutions, as well as the identified challenges for practice, appear to be related to the welfare state model. Therefore, future research concerning guardianship for unaccompanied minors needs to move beyond legal sources and policy documents by focusing on empirically informed research on the relationship between child care/protection, principles of assessing the best interest of the child and the welfare state systems.
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| 3. |
- Szekely, Aron, et al.
(författare)
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Countering Protection Rackets Using Legal and Social Approaches : An Agent-Based Test
- 2018
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Ingår i: Complexity. - : Hindawi Limited. - 1076-2787 .- 1099-0526.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Protection rackets cause economic and social damage across the world. States typically combat protection rackets using legal strategies that target the racketeers with legislation, strong sentencing, and increasing the presence and involvement of police officers. Nongovernmental organizations, conversely, focus on the rest of the population and counter protection rackets using a social approach. These organisations attempt to change the actions and social norms of community members with education, promotional campaigns, and discussions. We use an agent-based model, which draws on established theories of protection rackets and combines features of sociological and economic perspectives to modelling social interactions, to test the effects of legal and social approaches. We find that a legal approach is a necessary component of a policy approach, that social only approaches should not be used because they lead to large increases in violence, and that a combination of the two works best, although even this must be used carefully.
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| 4. |
- Bäck, Hanna, et al.
(författare)
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When Do Women Speak? A Comparative Analysis of the Role of Gender in Legislative Debates
- 2019
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Ingår i: Political Studies. - : SAGE Publications. - 0032-3217 .- 1467-9248. ; 67:3, s. 576-596
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Do female representatives participate less often in legislative debates, and does it matter which topic is debated? Drawing on the role incongruity theory, we hypothesise that women take the parliamentary floor less often because of the gender stereotypes that are likely to guide the behaviour of party representatives. Such underrepresentation is less likely to be present when debates are dealing with policy areas that can be characterised as feminine. By referring to critical mass theory, we expect women to participate less in debates if they are members of parties with fewer female representatives. The results of an analysis of speechmaking among members of parliament in seven European countries show that female members of parliament are less represented in legislative debates, especially when debates deal with topics that can be characterised as masculine. Furthermore, the effect of gender on speechmaking clearly varies across parties. However, the pattern does not follow the logic derived from critical mass theory. Instead, female members of parliament take the floor less often when they are members of parties with many female representatives.
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| 5. |
- Bamvita, Jean-Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Childhood predictors of adult psychopathy scores among males followed from age 6 to 33
- 2017
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Ingår i: Journal of criminal justice. - : Elsevier BV. - 0047-2352 .- 1873-6203. ; 53, s. 55-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: Psychopathic traits are associated with multiple negative outcomes. The present prospective, longitudinal study identified associations of childhood factors with adult psychopathy scores.Methods: 311 men, aged, on average, 33 years, were assessed using the Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R). Predictors included neighbourhood deprivation, parents' characteristics, teacher ratings of behaviour at ages 6, 10 and 12, and academic performance at age 12. Hierarchical linear regression models were computed to identify predictors at different ages of PCL-R total and facet scores.Results: Age 33 PCL-R total and facet scores were significantly, and independently, associated with father's and mother's criminality and mother's age at participant's birth when teacher ratings of childhood behaviours and mathematics marks were included in the models. Anxiety was negatively associated with facet 1 scores at age 6. At age 12, 22% of the variance in facet 2 scores was predicted by father's violent convictions, mother's age and criminal charges, and reactive aggression. Facet 3 scores were associated with mother's age (marginally), inattention, and reactive aggression. Facet 4 scores were associated with father's violent criminality, mother's age, conduct probleins, inattention, and reactive aggression.Conclusion: Etiological research and prevention programs should focus on antecedents of psychopathic traits present in early childhood.
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| 6. |
- Eriksson, Kimmo, et al.
(författare)
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Cultural Universals and Cultural Differences in Meta-Norms about Peer Punishment
- 2017
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Ingår i: Management and Organization Review. - : Cambridge University Press (CUP). - 1740-8776 .- 1740-8784. ; 13:4, s. 851-870
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Violators of cooperation norms may be informally punished by their peers. How such norm enforcement is judged by others can be regarded as a meta-norm (i.e., a second-order norm). We examined whether meta-norms about peer punishment vary across cultures by having students in eight countries judge animations in which an agent who over-harvested a common resource was punished either by a single peer or by the entire peer group. Whether the punishment was retributive or restorative varied between two studies, and findings were largely consistent across these two types of punishment. Across all countries, punishment was judged as more appropriate when implemented by the entire peer group than by an individual. Differences between countries were revealed in judgments of punishers vs. non-punishers. Specifically, appraisals of punishers were relatively negative in three Western countries and Japan, and more neutral in Pakistan, UAE, Russia, and China, consistent with the influence of individualism, power distance, and/or indulgence. Our studies constitute a first step in mapping how meta-norms vary around the globe, demonstrating both cultural universals and cultural differences.
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| 7. |
- Heyward, Clare, et al.
(författare)
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A free movement passport for the territorially dispossessed
- 2016
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Ingår i: Climate justice in a non-ideal world. - Oxford : Oxford University Press. - 9780198744047 - 9780191804038 ; , s. 208-226
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Clare Heyward and Jörgen Ödalen focus on the need for institutional reform to address climate-related injustice for a particular group of victims. They are concerned with the potential lacuna in international law concerning those citizens of states whose entire territories could be submerged by rising sea levels. Heyward and Ödalen refer to these as the the ‘territorially dispossessed’ and argue that they should be provided with a ‘Passport for the Territorially Dispossessed’ which gives its holder a right to choose their new nationality. They compare their proposal with competing ‘quota’ schemes and argue that the PTD is less unjust because its principle of free choice allows the territorially dispossessed to retain a larger measure of control over their destiny.
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| 8. |
- Salmonsson, Lisa, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Where do we go from here? : Challenges and Strategies Following Additional Asylum Policy Restrictions in Sweden
- 2018
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Ingår i: Journal of Human Rights Practice. - : Oxford University Press. - 1757-9619 .- 1757-9627. ; 10:3, s. 524-535
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This policy note highlights issues concerning the right to seek asylum raised by a panel of migration experts in Sweden during the annual Swedish Forum for Human Rights in 2016. The discussion took place following Swedish asylum and immigration policy taking an increasingly restrictive turn. Two main themes are identified. The first theme encompasses views on the relationship between the legal framework’s increased restrictiveness and discourses of securitization and explores the possibilities of moving beyond this pattern. The second theme highlights that different professionals and other staff engaged with asylum seekers and refugees can retain a (legal) space to resist repressive activities that challenge their professional code of conduct and personal integrity.
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