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| 2. |
- Eneman, Marie, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Governmental Surveillance - The balance between security and privacy
- 2020
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Ingår i: UK Academy for Information Systems Conference Proceedings 2020.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increased digitalisation of society and recent developments in AI is laying the ground for surveillance capabilities of a magnitude we have not seen before. Surveillance can be conducted by several different actors in society, this project focuses on the Swedish police currently using a large ensemble of surveillance technologies. Earlier this year, significant legislative changes governing the police authorities use of digital surveillance were enacted. These changes mean that the police now have been given an extended mandate to use digital surveillance as part of their professional practice, which places demands on balanced decisions and informed responsibility. On the one hand, the police have an interest to use digital surveillance to increase efficiency and security in society; on the other hand, the police must balance their interests with citizen’s so-called integrity-interests and right to privacy. This study will therefore examine to what extent the Swedish Police Authority pay attention to questions such as integrity and privacy when introducing digital surveillance. The study is guided by the following questions: (i) What opportunities can be related to the implementation and use of digital surveillance in police work? (ii) What kind of challenges do the increasing use of digital surveillance create between organisational governance, police officers’ work practice, and the integrity of citizens - and how do the police tackle these challenges? Theoretically, we draw on the established research fields on surveillance and privacy and empirically this study is designed as a qualitative study of the Swedish Police as our main case.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Sunnqvist, Martin, et al.
(författare)
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Coats of arms of Swedish royal dukes, 1557-2017
- 2021
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Ingår i: Genealogica & Heraldica : Origin and Evolution. XXXIInd International Congress of Genealogical and Heraldic Sciences - Origin and Evolution. XXXIInd International Congress of Genealogical and Heraldic Sciences. - 9781999979430 ; , s. 317-337
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 5. |
- Uhnoo, Sara, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Rape or consent? Effects of the new Swedish rape legislation on legal reasoning and practice
- 2020
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Ingår i: The 9th midterm conference of the European Sociological Association’s Sociology of Emotions Research Network (RN11).
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- We will present a new three-year research project (Wettergren, Bladini & Uhnoo) studying the new Swedish rape legislation. In 2017, this rape legislation was changed in-depth, removing the requirement of threat and violence, replacing it with an explicit requirement of voluntariness (popularly ‘consent’). The aim of the project is to study the implementation of this new Swedish rape legislation and its requirement of voluntariness from a combined feminist and emotion-sociological perspective. Common to these approaches is the critique of the legal system’s core ideals of pure rationality and positivist objectivity. As the Swedish legislation is changed, but the positivistic ideals of objectivity and rationality prevail, we can study the dialectical relationship between changing legislation and legal culture. A combination of the feminist and emotion-sociological perspectives enables a complex understanding of how these core values are reproduced in ways that are routinized and unintended. The societal significance of the project lies in the fact that ignoring and silencing the role of emotions in courts may contribute to skewed decisions, subject to the vast critique of feminist legal research. The project addresses three over-arching research questions concerned with discourse, practice, and the production of legal decisions: o What discursive perceptions and interpretations do legal actors present in interviews, and how do they reason about the application of the new law? o How does the new legislation affect trial procedures in practice, regarding focus on the accused/victim (e.g. victim blaming, secondary victimisation) and the construction and presentation of evidence? o How do judges operate the new legislation when writing judgements: what perceptions and assessments about voluntariness, gender and sexuality are reflected in the written judgements?
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| 6. |
- Eneman, Marie, 1969
(författare)
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Crime investigations of ‘child abuse material’ - Challenges and opportunities posed by digital technology
- 2020
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the Association of Internet Researchers, Dublin, Ireland.. - : University of Illinois Libraries.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The increased digitalisation of society has profoundly changed the circumstances for people with a sexual interest in children to engage in the production, distribution and consumption of child abuse material. In addition, digital technologies enable contact and communication with other like-minded individuals sharing the same sexual interest in children and also facilitate new forms of getting in contact with children (potential victims). Child abuse material (sometimes also referred to as child pornography) refers to documented material depicting the sexual abuse and/or sexual exploitation of a child (or children). The overall purpose with this study is to explore the practices where crime investigations of child abuse material occur within the Swedish police authority. This research in progress paper will reflect on what challenges and opportunities police officers do encounter when investigating child abuse material in relation to digital technologies? The involved technology will be investigated in relation to technological affordance and empirically the study is based upon qualitative interviews with police officers.
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| 7. |
- Arguello, Gabriela, 1983
(författare)
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Situationality of Global Risks: The Role of International Organizations in Climate Governance
- 2020
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Ingår i: Ninth Annual Cambridge International Law Conference – 2020 Webinar Series.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Global risks such as climate change, requires collective action. Considering that spontaneous collaboration diminishes in large-scale collective action problems; fostering such collaboration demands: a) situationality, i.e., “a process of spatial/local confinement of global trends … in the absence of situationality, global vibes are meaningless for individuals and groups” and b) third party intervention becomes essential to foster collective action. This paper analyzes the third-party international institutional arrangement concerned with Arctic climate change management. Such analysis will provide insights on whether this third-party intervention counteracts stressors found on large scale collective action problems, e.g., anonymity, heterogeneity, uncertainty/risk, and inactivity. Taking into account the facilitators in place, e.g., hard and soft law regulatory capacities of international organizations, the paper evaluates whether a collective action has been fostered and the challenges that this third-party intervention face to sustain collective action. The paper analyzes climate regulatory measures on the Arctic due to its significant role in the regulation of the earth's climate. Despite the global system on climate change, the focus is centered on those institutions having a direct impact on the Arctic to assess whether global scale in which climate change is framed is translated into regional settings. This translation, coupled with the ubiquitous nature of climate change, inevitably requires a discussion regarding legal and spatial scales and their correspondent interactions. Law and space are intimately connected. Categorizing a particular issue such as climate change as a global and common concern is by itself a delimitation which grants the international community the legitimate right to build a global regulatory regime. However, the global scale is by no means the only scale since it has to be translated into regional, national, and local settings. Climate governance in the Arctic is analyzed through the theoretical lens of large-scale action problems and the role of international to face global challenges by providing situationality and concretization of global risks. Mainly, I discuss the potential of international institutions to foster collective action and to embrace the voices of multiple actors across legal and spatial scales.
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| 8. |
- Bladini, Moa, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Empathy and Certainty - epistemic tools and emotions in rape trials.
- 2021
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Ingår i: Sociological Knowledges for Alternative Futures. 15th ESA Conference. - 9782958158606
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this paper we discuss some challenges in the process of evaluating evidence in cases of rape. In cases of rape, a core question, under the new criminal rape legislation, is whether the act was voluntary or not. This often leads to an evidentiary situation where the judge is left to decide upon matters of trust and credibility. This, in turn, puts the two epistemic concepts empathy and certainty at the center of the trial. the theoretical foundation is three-folded: legal, sociology of emotions and an everyday life perspective.
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| 9. |
- Bladini, Moa, 1979, et al.
(författare)
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Swedish Rape Legislation – Rethinking Autonomy
- 2021
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Ingår i: Crisis, Healing and Re-Imagining. Law and Society Association 2021 Annual Meeting.
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- After decades of debate and reforms on the rape legislation, a shift from a use of force-based into a consent-based rape offence (with voluntariness as the decisive criteria) entered into force in Sweden in July 2018. In this paper we present a review and critical analysis of the Swedish statutory regulation of rape, starting in the historical development and debates as a backdrop. We take our starting point in critique put forward within the field of feminist legal studies and uses an everyday life perspective to examine some of the assessments made in the preparatory work in the decisions made on how to best protect the individual’s right to personal and sexual integrity and sexual self-determination. The analysis shows that a male rationale permeates the preparatory works and points at a need for further research on the criterion of voluntariness and its presumptions on autonomy.
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| 10. |
- Uhnoo, Sara, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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The void of the victim story – doubt and certainty in rape cases with missing victim stories
- 2021
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Ingår i: EUROCRIM 2021, 22nd annual conference of European Society of Criminology, Women, Crime and Justice Panel..
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper analyses epistemic emotions in legal evaluation of rape cases where crucial parts of the victim story is missing. A rape legislation requiring voluntariness, effective in Sweden since July 1 2018, challenges popular norms around ‘real rape’. It widens the criminalization of sexual acts to where an active party fails to secure consent from the other, leading to an increase in ‘word-against-word’ cases where technical evidence is lacking. The legal method of evaluation then begins with the victim’s story, tested against: 1. Assumptions about ‘credible story-telling’; 2. Assumptions about victim-adequate emotive-cognitive behaviour after the event, evidenced by a) objective circumstances like calling 112, or b) witness testimonies. If the victim’s story is deemed credible/reliable, it becomes a baseline for the court’s evaluation of the defendant’s story. With an emotion-sociological framework, our analysis interprets the chain of evaluation in terms of according ‘ontological trust’ to the victim’s story by submitting it to a ‘certainty-doubt-test’ and if certainty is reached, the story is effectively deemed ‘true’. Flawed victim stories, where there is no memory of the actual event, may per se indicate rape because the accused has taken advantage of a victim in ‘a vulnerable state’ of e.g. intoxication. However, when a story is flawed, ‘ontological trust’ cannot be secured. For lack of supporting evidence, the defendant’s claim that sex was voluntary can only be refuted if the victim claims to remember. The analysis highlights emotional orientations of the rational legal evaluation method and its sometimes irrational consequences in rape cases.
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