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- Gustafsson, Karin, 1950, et al.
(författare)
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Leka och lära. : SOU1997:108. s. 202-211
- 1997
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Ingår i: SOU 1997:108. Att lämna skolan med rak rygg – om rätten till skriftspråket och om förskolans och skolans möjligheter att förebygga och möte läs- och skrivsvårigheter. .. - Stockholm : Fritzes.
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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- Negretti, Raffaella, 1971
(författare)
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Web based activities and SLA: a conversation analysis approach
- 1999
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Ingår i: Language Learning and Technology. - 1094-3501. ; 3:1, s. 75-87
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Different Internet technologies foster the acquisition of different language skills. In the case of synchronous interaction tools, such as Webchat, the concern is to evaluate whether and how this communication context affects the process of acquiring a second langauge. A collection of Webchat interaction data among English non-native speakers (NNS) and native speakers (NS) is the basis for a microanalytic investigation conducted form a Conversation Analysis (CA) perspective.The main purpose is to discover patterns and conversational strategies used by participatns in this on-line context. A CA research approach was chosen since it investigates the machinery and the structure of social action in language, avoiding preformulated theoretic categories. This is important since CMC represents a new SLA context, forcing both NS and NNS to produce different structures and strategies. The study analyzes, in particular, whether Webchat implies a reduction of the range in interactional practices, actions performance, sense making, and meaning negotiation, thus affecting the SLA process. Finally, the researcher considers the reliability and validity of this type of qualitative research in this new technological area.Using some research methodologies taken from CA literature, an analysis of the data focuses first on the overall structure of interaction and sequence organization in connection with the on-line communicaiton setting features. It then passes to turn-taking organization, with attention to recurrent structures and patterns as in openings and closings; turn design (or packaging of actions); expression of paralinguistic features in this on-line context; and some (interlanguage) pragmatic variables. The conclusion resolves the findings and underlines NNS versus NS behaviour, offering hypotheses about SLA through Webchat and synchronous CMC in general, encouraging further investigation.
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- Näslund, Johan, 1954-, et al.
(författare)
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Lärorika relationer : Erfarenheter av forskarhandledning
- 1999
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den goda forskarutbildningen – hur skapar man den? Hur ser doktorander och handledare på sina roller? Hur kan mötet mellan rollerna te sig? Det finns ett stort intresse för sådana frågor idag. Många doktorander upplever att en stor del av deras framtid är beroende av hur arbetet med avhandlingen avlöper. Medan avhandlingsarbetet pågår är relationen mellan den forskarstuderande och handledaren mycket viktig.I Lärorika relationer har Johan Näslund och Inger Engström försökt fånga både doktorandernas och handledarnas syn på den gemensamma färden mot en fullbordad avhandling. De ger en inblick i forskarutbildningens vardag och lyfter fram generella och viktiga drag i handledningsrelationen. De pekar också på en brist i svensk forskarutbildning: det finns inga etiska regler för handledning.Lärorika relationer ger ett gott underlag för en fortsatt diskussion om handledning inom forskarutbildningen. Forskarstuderande och handledare skulle kunna läsa boken gemensamt och diskutera innehållet tillsammans, särskilt de dela som har relevans för relationen mellan parterna.
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| 6. |
- Abrandt Dahlgren, Madeleine, 1956-
(författare)
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Learning physiotherapy : the impact of formal education and professional experience
- 1997
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim is to describe and analyse physiotherapeutic learning through formal education and professional experience. The investigation focuses on the students' ways of experiencing the concepts of Health, Movement, Function and Interaction. Two groups of physiotherapy students at the Faculty of Health Sciences in Linköping, Sweden, were interviewed on two occasions respectively. The interviews were carried during the second and last term of the formal programme and after 18 months of professional experience. Data were analysed according to the phenomenographic approach and to the principles of contextual analysis. The students' conceptions varied qualitatively, but an analysis of the internal relationships between the concepts revealed that the most common perspectives after completing the formal education were consistently holistic or mixed. This pattern was also most common after 18 months of professional work. The subjects' ways of experiencing the Interaction within a patient encounter were described in four main categories; Mutuality, Technicalism, Authority and Juxtaposition. Mutuality and Technicalism denoted an integration of the communicative and problem-solving processes, the former category from a patient-centred and the latter from a physiotherapist-centred perspective. Authority and Juxtaposition denoted a separation of the processes, the former from a physiotherapist-centred perspective and the latter from a patient-centred perspective. Both separated and integrated perspectives were common after completing the formal education. After 18 months of professional practice the Mutuality category dominated.
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| 7. |
- Andersson, Jan
(författare)
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Two is one too many : dyadic memory collaboration effects on encoding and retrieval of episodes
- 1996
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the present thesis was to investigate how individual memory potential in different tasks is affected by collaboration in social settings. Collaborative group dimensions were also studied: friendship, age, and gender. The principal comparison was between an actual collaborative dyad and the sum of the two individuals' memory potential, i.e., the predicted potential. It was shown, in five studies, that two individuals can not cue each other effectively enough to reach their predicted potential, i.e., negative net effects of collaboration were demonstrated. The widespread feeling of a group superiority is therefore wrong. This effect held true for explicit and episodic memory tasks, but not for semantic and implicit tasks, across materials. Furthermore, collaboration at encoding and retrieval reduced the effectiveness of the cue and the reduced cue effectiveness hypothesis gained support in further tests. Friends, as opposed to non-friends, were shown to possess an ability to reduce the negative net effects of collaboration. In addition, if the participants (old as opposed to young children) could take their partner's perspective, a reduction of the negative net effects occurred, i.e., the reciprocal understanding hypothesis was supported. It is suggested that young children's lack of perspective-taking ability reduces their possibility to cue each other as effectively as older children. Finally, negative net effects occurred for collaborative dyads regardless of gender constellation. Generally, the data pattern suggests that cognitive theory can explain how individual memory performance is influenced by collaboration. There is (a) a selectivity in the size of the negative net effect with respect to type of memory task and type of dyadic relationship, and (b ), there is a generality of the effect across task materials and gender. Thus, (a) and (b) replicate, extend, and further deepen our understanding of this counter-intuitive phenomenon.
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- Antonson, Sivert, 1945-
(författare)
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Hörselskadade i högskolestudier : möjligheter och hinder
- 1998
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The focus of this thesis is on hearing-impaired students in higher education. The following problem are formulated: How can one understand the interaction between hearing-impaired students and the academic and social environment of higher education, including the individual student's prerequisites and possibilities as regards higher education, and in what forms? The thesis consists of a study based on the perspective of 11 hearing-impaired students. A combination of several data sources were used. Verbatim transcribed thematized interviews were analysed. In order to understand the action itself, participant observation, video recordings and stimulated recall were used in addition to text interpretations.The results shows that the impairment in itself was not a determining factor as regards success in University studies. Nor was it possible to discern any connection between communication ability and the results achieved in University studies. It was also not possible to determine whether a person with a congenital hearing-impairment would be less successful in University studies than persons whose hearing was impaired later in childhood. There existed a complex integration problem which meant that considerable effort was often needed to conform to the hearing University world. The study shows how the problem of hearing is both situationally and culturally related as well as being determined by the goals of the hearing-impaired person. A number of obstacles to success were identified. These could arise as an effect of (i) independent study coupled to lectures, (ii) integration problems in conjunction with different types of group activities, (iii) time coupled to pace and efficiency and (iv) marginal contact with teachers/lecturers in many disciplines. The hearing-impaired students had conceptions of what was regarded as a problem, what was seen as a legitimate demand and what were fundamental values in the worlds of persons with and without impaired hearing, respectively. A comparison of the different conceptions of these worlds revealed underlying explanations of why obstacles arose in the encounters between hearing-impaired students and the hearing world of higher education
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- Bergstedt, Bosse, 1954-
(författare)
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Den livsupplysande texten : En läsning av N.F.S. Grundtvigs pedagogiska skrifter
- 1998
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- N F S Grundtvig, 1783-1872, was the founder of the folkhögskola, ("Folk High School", Residential colleges of general, liberal education for adolescents and adults), but he also was a pastor, a poet, and a historian. The dissertation presents an overview of Grundtvig's pedagogical thoughts, including his ideas of both the folkhögskola and a Nordic University. The dissertation's main purpose is to clarify the meaning of the concept of livsupplysning (Life enlightenment).Grundtvig's point of departure is his view that life is embedded in the spoken word of dialogues, songs, folk tales, folk songs and proverbs. What, then, constitutes a Text that Enlightens Life? What are its characteristics? What is its nature? How is it composed? On the basis of deconstructive reading, some of Grundtvig's central pedagogical texts are interpreted. The dissertation demonstrates what characterizes a Text that Enlightens Life, and how Grundtvig uses different rhetoric patterns to express what is meant by Life Enlightenment.The reading brings forward the two strategies of Reversal and Dislocation. The Reversal clarifies the three fundamental opposites Life and Death, Light and Darkness, Truth and Lie. The Dislocation strategy indicates the need to create maximal växelverkan (interaction, interchange). The outcome is a text built upon ambiguity and pluralism. These are also fundamental in Grundtvig's pedagogy, striving to engender a deep understanding of the meaning of Life Enlightenment.
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| 10. |
- Dahlgren, Lars-Ove, 1946-, et al.
(författare)
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Utomhuspedagogik : Boklig bildning och sinnlig erfarenhet : Ett försök till bestämning av utomhuspedagogikens identitet
- 1997
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Författarna gör ett försök till definition av begreppet utomhuspedagogik och vill med denna skrift starta ett forum för diskussion.Först ges en översiktlig beskrivning av utomhuspedagogikens bildnings historiska och pedagogiska rötter bland företrädare för "handens kunskap" och äldre pragmatisk idetradition. Syftet har varit att ta vara på utomhuspedagogikens möjligheter i våra lärande organisationer. Man vill särskilt framhålla utomhuspedagogikens betydelse som motivationsskapande faktor för livslångt lärande, hälsa och I ivskvalitet i ett ekologiskt hållbart samhälle.Utomhuspedagogikens metodik bygger på att skapa förutsättningar för konkreta förstahandsupplevelser i uterummet. Då utomhuspedagogik är tematisk, stadieoch ämnesområdesöverskridande, har dess företrädare en varierande utbildningsbakgrund. Detta gäller även utomhuspedagogik som forsknings- och utbildningsområde.Författarna försöker också belysa utomhuspedagogikens särart och uterummets bortglömda möjligheter. Budskapet är att skapa sammanhang och förståelse i meningsfu Ila situationer tillsammans med en medupptäckande pedagog genom att levandegöra begrepp som praktisk visdom, lära genom att göra och kunskap i handling.
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