| 1. |
- Tillman, Anne-Marie, 1958, et al.
(författare)
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After 10 years and 300 students. Our LCA teaching experience.
- 2002
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Ingår i: Engineering Education in Sustainable Development. ; , s. 611-616
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Our LCA teaching experience started with organizing the first LCA course in Sweden in 1992 — it was a course on a national level for doctoral students. After that, we continued with one LCA course each year for undergraduate students (3rd or 4th year students). During the first years (1993-1995), the course was given as a summer course for international students. But since 1996, the LCA course is given as an ordinary, elective course for all engineering students at Chalmers, attracting som 30 students every year. Most of them are Chalmers students, but a number of students from Göteborg University, doctoral students and working engineers from around Sweden also find their way to our course. In addition to the LCA course, we also give "the 2 hour lecture" orientation about LCA in the compulsory environmental course for 1st/2nd year students at Chalmers, and we have run around 25 LCA projects as MSc Diploma projects. Based on our broad experience, we will talk about how LCA education can aim at different levels of understanding (from the 'know about" level, via the "reflect critically" level, to the "carry out" level) and what this implies concerning reading material, exercises, the use of LCA software and LCA manuals. We will also talk about student reactions to working in interdisciplinary groups and with open problems.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Wallbaum, Holger, 1967
(författare)
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Denk- und Kommunikationsansätze zur Bewertung des Nachhaltigen Bauens und Wohnens anhang der Ökologischen Wohnsiedlung Flintenbreire in Lübeck
- 2002
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- It is the aim of the present study to detect the reasons for these grievances, taking as an example the new Ecological Housing Estate Flintenbreite, and to demonstrate alternative solutions. For this purpose, different concepts of assessment are employed which meet the requirements of a full life cycle analysis. From the ecological perspective, these are the software tool GaBi of the University of Stuttgart, the MIPS concept of the Wuppertal Institute for Climate, Environment, Energy as well as the software tool GEMIS from the Eco Institute. In order to assess the quantity and quality of the area consumption, a special calculation method was developed on the basis of “Hemerobiestufen”, which illustrate the degree of naturalness of a surface area. The BKI Kostenplaner of the Baukosteninformationszentrum is used to analyze the economic factors. In order to assess social aspects, a special assessment method on the basis of national and international discussions is developed and applied. Apart from taking into account generally accepted ecological indicators, this study also attempts to develop economic indicators as well as indicators for measuring social sustainability of housing development concepts. By means of a working example the practicability of these indicators is examined. For assessing the degree of sustainability reached at the Ecological Housing Estate Flintenbreite 15 indicators are used. These are:•The Total Material Requirement (TMR)•The Accumulated Expenditure of Energy (KEA)•The Global Warming Potential related to 100 years (GWP 100)•Area consumption•Water consumption•Planning and implementation costs•Costs of construction and production•Costs of utilization including maintenance costs•Costs of pulling down, disposal and restoration•Average renting costs•Age composition of the residents•Income structure of the residents•Unemployment rate of the residents•Quota of women employed•Possibilities of participation of the residentsFor assessing and visualizing the several indicators, the COMPASS method, developed at the Wuppertal Institute, is applied.Since the process of construction at the Ecological Housing Estate Flintenbreite has been delayed as a result of the insolvencies of two of the developing companies, up to date only 26 of the planned 119 housing units have been completed. Therefore, in order to obtain valuable results the scientific approach had to be reduced in the course of this study. As the central elements of the approach the building above ground and the sewage concept, which has been used on a larger scale for the first time and which is based on a vacuum technique, are focused on. Apart from savings in water (only 1 liter per flush), this trend-setting, integrated sewage concept takes into account the utilization of nutrients and the energy content of excrements and biological waste. For that purpose, the flows grey water (residues without excrements), black water (toilet residues), rainwater and biological waste are dealt with separately within the whole concept. Through the fermentation of biological waste and excrements, biogas is won which is then used for power production in the housing estate’s own cogeneration plant. Three filters (constructed wetlands in the form of sand filters planted with reeds) are used for clearing the grey water. Using hollows on the 4.9 hectare wide housing development area, rainwater can seep away directly. The liquid manure remaining after anaerobic treatment is collected in a reservoir and used for agricultural means. Thus, nutrient cycles can be completed.Despite partly positive results it must be stated that these building measures, with regard to the building above ground, do not make a valuable contribution as far as more sustainable building is concerned. The sewage concept appears to be more apt to meet this requirement, although optimizing steps have yet to follow.Stakeholders from many different fields can take such steps in their respective discipline but also with regard to the interdisciplinary perspective. The chance to act beyond the boundaries of one’s own discipline, the ability to communicate as a key to joint action as well as the ability to see and open up new paths require new approaches and possibilities of acting. Thus, it is the duty of private persons, functionaries and elected candidates alike to help ensure corresponding education and qualification.Apart from that, on the international level, it is essential to initiate a changed, honest and consistent orientation of the rules of the WTO, the ILO and the UNEP without which a sustainable development will continue to be a utopia. And perhaps we may even have to go one step further and overcome an economy of interest and compound interest that is destroying resources, in order to be able to live the dream of a sustainable economic system.
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| 4. |
- Baumann, Henrikke, 1964
(författare)
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Introduction and Organisation of LCA Activities in Industry — Description and Analysis of Two LCA Projects in Swedish Companies
- 2000
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Ingår i: International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment. - 1614-7502 .- 0948-3349. ; 5:6, s. 363-368
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Explorations of the LCA practice have been less numerous compared to the conceptual descriptions of LCA. To counter this imbalance, studies of LCA projects conducted in Swedish industry were carried out. One of them is in a chemical company, the other in an electronics company. The studied LCA projects represent early attempts, but not first attempts, at LCA within these two companies. The two studied cases are contrasted with each other and aspects important for the implementation of LCA are identified. Among other things, the presence of an LCA entrepreneur seems to be important for LCA implementation. The argumentation for the usefulness of LCA needs to be situationally adapted to each organisation. Strategies of the LCA entrepreneur are described.
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| 5. |
- Cronhjort, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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A question of vs. wet the case for dry rock disposal of nuclear waste
- 2004
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Ingår i: Radwaste Solutions. - 1529-4900. ; 11:3, s. 44-47
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dry rock disposal (DRD) of nuclear waste in high-relief areas where the groundwater has been artificially drained is discussed. Disposal of high-level nuclear waste can involve multiple problems that put serious stress on society and environment. In US, the Department of Energy uses dry deposition at Yucca Mountain at a depth of 300 meters. The groundwater table is at a depth of 600 m. So, at the given climatic conditions, the Yucca Mountain repository at 300 m will be dry. In such cases the DRD method is found to be suitable.
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| 6. |
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From the Guest Editor
- 2004
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Ingår i: Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1461-5517 .- 1471-5465. ; 22:2, s. 86-88
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Annan publikation (refereegranskat)
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| 7. |
- Gustafsson, Sara, Biträdande professor, 1974-
(författare)
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The use of standardised environmental management systems in Swedish local authorities
- 2002
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis focuses on one of many tools that can be used for enhancing environmental management in local authorities; standardised environmental management systems (EMSs). EMS is a strategic environmental management tool that originally was designed for and mainly used by industrial organisations. The tool provides the basis for designing an environmentally focused management system that is compatible with and possible to integrate into the general management procedures in an organisation, and it helps an organisation achieve its environmental and economic goals (ISO, 1996). Several studies examine how well standardized EMSs serve their purposes (e.g., Strachan, 1999; Steger, 2000; Ammenberg, 2001; Berkhout et al., 2001). Although several results have been reported, it has proven difficult to evaluate the efficiency of EMSs in organisations. Despite the fact that EMSs have been extensively used by industrial organisations since the tool was introduced on the market, this ground breaking process has been a little slower for local authorities and it has taken some time for EMSs to become common among these kinds of organisations. Studies from different countries report some outcomes from EMS implementation in local authorities (e.g., Aall, 1999; Bekkering and McCullum, 1999; Honkasalo, 1999; Darnall et al., 2000; Burstrom, 2000a; Cockrean, 2001). So far, however, the studies about EMSs mainly describe and comment on the implementation process and it is little questioned whether or not the tool is appropriate for the organisations of local authorities or what it does to improve the environmental state. This could be because EMS is a recent phenomenon and it requires some time to settle before the experiences can be gathered and outcomes studied. Hence, it becomes more and more interesting to study whether EMS implementation in local authorities really leads to environmental improvements and if standardised EMSs are appropriate for their organisations. This thesis concentrates on Swedish local authorities and conditions. To this date, there is little academic experience concerning how common EMS implementation is in Swedish local authorities and no studies that generally describe the Swedish local authorities' use of EMSs. Therefore, this thesis builds a general knowledge baseline by mapping ongoing EMS activities in Swedish local authorities. This map becomes a point of departure for forthcoming and more in depth studies regarding the appropriateness of EMSs and the environmental effects of EMS implementation.
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| 8. |
- Hagström, L., et al.
(författare)
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Integration of environmental assessment functions in design and product development tools
- 2004
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Ingår i: Computer-Aided Design and Applications. - : CAD Solutions, LLC. - 1686-4360. ; 1:1-4, s. 33-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents a computer-based environmental tool that will make it possible for product designers to integrate environmental assessments into their work. The environmental tool described in this paper is a concept for integrated environmental assessment functions in design and product development tools. The concept presents a way of reducing modelling time by making simplified assessments. The concept, and finally the environmental tool, is based upon companies' demands and wishes regarding how a tool for making environmental assessments during the product development process might be useful for them. The intended user is the company product designer.
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