| 1. |
- Boks, Casper, et al.
(författare)
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Nordic Post-Graduate Sustainable Design and Engineering Research from a Supervisor Perspective
- 2008
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Ingår i: NordDesign 2008. - Tallin, Estonia. ; , s. 171-180
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The multi- and interdisciplinary field of sustainable product innovation is rapidly expanding as an arena for scientific research. Universities in Nordic countries can be considered as an exponent of this type of research, with active research groups in, among others, Göteborg, Helsinki, Lund, Lyngby, Linköping and Trondheim. In the context of a Nordforsk funded project, seven second generation PhD supervisors from these universities, who have been active in this field for many years, discuss funding, publication, research traditions, education and supervision practices related to PhD research in this field. A number of recommendations to improve current practices are made, including the mapping currently existing differences in different academic institutions, studying the cross-over learning effects between academica and non-academic partners, and the development of ‘quality indicators’ of research in the SPI domain.
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| 2. |
- Carlson, Raul, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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Establishing common primary data for environmental overview of product life cycles. Users, perspectives, methods, data and information systems
- 2005
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This report describes how information about the environmental performance of products over their life cycles can be accessed anywhere and by any stakeholder throughout the product life cycle. Particular consideration has been given to different ways of performing a life cycle assessment (LCA). The report covers different users of environmental product information, the various methods and tools used to produce and disseminate that information, and the primary data needed for those methods and tools. The report also outlines an information system organisation for potential use as a cooperative approach to supporting stakeholders of product life cycles with environmental information. Chapter 2 contains a comprehensive (albeit not exhaustive) list of perspectives from which a stakeholder may environmentally view and assess products. A number of examples are given to describe reasons people have in practice for applying each perspective. The intention is to ensure that users find the methods and tools in chapter 3 to be truly relevant. Chapter 3 lists and presents methods and tools for assessing environmental performance, for acquiring information about environmental impacts, and for providing information on environmental properties of products. Particular emphasis is placed on the different types of LCA that have been identified, how they differ, how to use them, and their differing data requirements. Chapter 4 lists and presents the data and information that are used or produced by the methods and tools described in Chapter 3. This chapter includes discussion of data availability, data quality issues and data formatting. Chapter 5 proposes an information system organisation and design taking into account all perspectives and practical needs as described in Chapter 2, as well as all information and data issues described in Chapter 4. Particular attention is paid to the need for compatibility with existing systems, the technical and economic feasibility of building small systems instead of large ones, and the necessity of a short payback time for all investments, particularly those in the private sector. In chapter 6 the authors present outline recommendations for further work.
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| 3. |
- Hassellöv, Ida-Maja, 1974
(författare)
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Pre-study of ship wreck risk assessment and remediation
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In the Skagerrak there are 261 ship wrecks which have been identifi ed as potentially polluting wrecks. Twenty of these are located close to the Swedish coast, within the Västra Götaland County. The majority of the potentially polluting wrecks originate from the Second World War, hence many are heavily corroded and some are already leaking oil. In Sweden this problem has been discussed now and then since the mid seventies, yet there is no legislation regulating the liability for preventive actions to avoid future oil spills from the actual wrecks. This pre-study highlights potentially polluting wrecks in the Skagerrak, but the problem is present along the rest of the Swedish coastline. Therefore, there is a need for the establishment of a national database over recognized potentially polluting wrecks. Present salvage technology allows for offl oading the oil onboard the wrecks, but the remediation operation can be very expensive (about 20-250 million SEK per wreck). This cost has to be compared to the socioeconomic consequences occurring in case of a sudden leak of the corresponding amount of oil along the coast. To ensure that the environmental benefi ts of a remediation are economically justifi ed, it is of great importance to initially conduct a detailed wreck assessment which in addition to verifi cation of the amount and type of oil onboard, also ascertains that wreck stability will allow remediation. The cost of such an assessment ranges from 0.5-2 million SEK per ship wreck. To fi nance both ship wreck assessment and remediation of wrecks where no owner can be held responsible, establishment of a fund similar to that intended for remediation of contaminated land sites could be used. Additionally, the formation of a national competence centre to support the fund, gather knowledge in the fi eld of ship wreck assessment and remediation and coordinate actions is recommended.
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| 4. |
- Höjer, Mattias, 1966-, et al.
(författare)
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Scenarios in selected tools for environmental systems analysis
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-6526 .- 1879-1786. ; 16:18, s. 1958-1970
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A number of different tools for analysing environmental impacts of different systems have been developed. These include procedural tools such as strategic environmental assessment (SEA) and environmental management systems (EMS) as well as analytical ones such as life cycle assessment (LCA), life cycle costing (LCC), cost-benefit analysis (CBA) and the system of economic and environmental accounts (SEEA) including input-output analysis (IOA). Descriptions or scenarios of the future are typically relevant elements in these tools, since they are often used to describe impacts in the future. For futures studies a number of different approaches and techniques have been developed. In an earlier paper we have presented a typology of different types of scenarios that respond to different types of questions. These include predictive scenarios, explorative scenarios and normative scenarios. The aim of this paper is to explore connections between selected tools for environmental systems analysis and different scenario types. Although there is a clear need for futures studies in several tools for environmental systems analysis, it is interesting to note that the literature on methodologies for and case studies of combinations of futures studies and environmental systems analysis tools is rather limited. This suggests that there is a need for further research in this area including both methodoloy and practical case studies.
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| 5. |
- Krank, Sabrina, et al.
(författare)
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The neglected dimension: Socio-cultural indicators in the assessment of sustainable development in megacities
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2008 World Sustainable Building Conference, 21-25 September 2008, Melbourne, Australia. - 9780646503721 ; , s. 1315-1322
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In the case of fast developing megacities of emerging countries, an integrated concept for the assessment of SUD, including the social and cultural dimensions comprehensively, is of particular need: Megacities are locations of polarization of people. Different cultural, social and income groups live closely together, thus opening an area of conflict. However, for the aspect of social sustainability, a theoretically stringent, systematic and comprehensive rationale which is translated into practical application does not yet exist.The aim of the paper is to shed light on theories within the social and cultural dimensions of the sustainability assessment, on the specific socio-cultural challenges in megacities and on existing indicator systems possibly applicable in those megacities. Based on existing studies and expert interviews of local stakeholders, specific requirements for the assessment of the social and cultural dimensions are formulated for the emerging megacity Hyderabad (India). Following this analysis, both the gaps in research and practice as well as challenges and responses are pointed out.
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| 6. |
- Mcconville, Jennifer
(författare)
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Adaptation of existing participatory planning tools for the peri-urban and rural context in Africa
- 2009
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper describes a planning approach for sustainable sanitation, and is one of the outcomes of the EU-financed project NETSSAF. The proposed planning approach is geared towards improvement of decision-making in the planning process and in creating demand for sanitation through use of demonstration units and multi-criteria decision support approaches. It was felt that these issues were not emphasized sufficiently in existing planning tools. The paper describes the eight planning steps as well as the technical and non-technical requirements for the implementation of sustainable sanitation.
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| 7. |
- Wallbaum, Holger, 1967
(författare)
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Sustainability indicators for the built environment - the challenges ahead
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2008 World Sustainable Building Conference, 21-25 September 2008, Melbourne, Australia. - 9780646503721 ; 2, s. 1292-1298
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Methods and tools including sustainable development indicators (SDIs) are important aids to the implementation of sustainable development in the construction industry. Through a qualitative analysis, a variety of methods which are widely used internationally can be assessed to establish their compliance with the general requirements of sustainable development. This paper looks at five fundamental criteria: holism, lifecycle assessment, directional certainty, traceability/transparency and local suitability. Most methods more or less meet these requirements, in which users play a central role in compliance. This paper identifies a number of remaining knowledge deficits: the recording and analysis of sociocultural indicators, additional environmental indicators such as land use, resource intensity, interior quality and usability, and a more detailed understanding of building usage and decommissioning costs. In addition to these knowledge deficits, and for a variety of reasons, there is also an implementation deficit: the practice of sustainable construction is lagging far behind the theory.
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| 8. |
- Wallbaum, Holger, 1967, et al.
(författare)
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Wirtschaftlichkeit, Qualität und Ressourcenschutz in der Bauwirtschaft durch ganzheitliches Planen
- 2005
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Ingår i: Materialeffizienz. Potenziale bewerten, Innovationen fördern, Beschäftigung sichern, Liedtke, Christa, Busch, Timo, oekom Verlag, München, Deutschland. - 3936581819 ; , s. 161-173
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 9. |
- Ammenberg, Jonas, 1973-
(författare)
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Environmental management systems and environmental performance
- 2007
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Ingår i: Strategic sustainability. - Sheffield : Greenleaf Publishing Ltd. - 9781874719618 ; , s. 242-257
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Environmental management systems (EMSs) are tools that can be used to steer and controlan organisation’s environmental efforts. This chapter focuses on standardisedEMSs, those that deal with fulfilling the requirements of the international standard ISO14001 (ISO 1996) and/or the EU Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS) (EC 2001).These standardised EMSs have been applied for about a decade; the number of organisationsthat are certified in accordance with them worldwide is steadily rising and nowhas reached over 100,000 (ISO World 2007).Early EMS work focused on issues relating to implementation. Often, positive environmentaleffects were taken for granted. More recently, however, questions addressingthe effects of standardised EMSs have become more popular in the research literature.The extent and types of effects of a standardised system are critical issues from anenvironmental perspective. The information presented within this chapter will helpuncover and capture some of the nuances of the connection between EMSs and environmentalperformance. Important lessons learned as a result of this study include arelative lack of understanding of EMSs even after more than a decade of practical application.Additional insights include the extent to which EMSs are useful tools in achievingbetter organisational environmental conditions and identification of the importantfactors influencing the effectiveness and efficiency of such systems. While the focus ofthis chapter is on the use of standardised EMSs to reduce environmental impacts, themethods used in this study build on the author’s findings from several earlier studies—a meta-analytic perspective—and are summarised where appropriate. Some key strategicEMS issues addressed here include:● Environmental aspects, their identification, formulation and assessment● The scope of EMSs, including their relationship with product development● Environmental policy, targets and objectives● External environmental auditing● Continual improvement in environmental performance● EMSs and the supply chain
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| 10. |
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