| 1. |
- Mani, Mahesh, et al.
(författare)
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Simulation and analysis for sustainable product development
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1614-7502 .- 0948-3349. ; 18:5, s. 1129-1136
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Simulation plays a critical role in the design of products, materials, and manufacturing processes. However, there are gaps in the simulation tools used by industry to provide reliable results from which effective decisions can be made about environmental impacts at different stages of product life cycle. A holistic and systems approach to predicting impacts via sustainable manufacturing planning and simulation (SMPS) is presented in an effort to incorporate sustainability aspects across a product life cycle. Methods Increasingly, simulation is replacing physical tests to ensure product reliability and quality, thereby facilitating steady reductions in design and manufacturing cycles. For SMPS, we propose to extend an earlier framework developed in the Systems Integration for Manufacturing Applications (SIMA) program at the National Institute of Standards and Technology. SMPS framework has four phases, viz. design product, engineer manufacturing, engineer production system, and produce products. Each phase has its inputs, outputs, phase level activities, and sustainability-related data, metrics and tools.Results and discussion An automotive manufacturing scenario that highlights the potential of utilizing SMPS framework to facilitate decision making across different phases of product life cycle is presented. Various research opportunities are discussed for the SMPS framework and corresponding information models. The SMPS framework built on the SIMA model has potential in aiding sustainable product development.
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| 2. |
- Santén, Vendela, 1978
(författare)
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Exploring logistics actions enabling environmentally sustainable freight transport
- 2013
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- To curb unsustainable freight transport trends; such as transport growth, larger dependency on road transport and generally an increased share of greenhouse gas emissions from the sector, actions needs to be taken among actors in the logistics system. The purpose of this thesis is to explore logistics actions that enable environmentally sustainable freight transport. This explorative research, based primarily on empirical data from interviews, focus groups, and a case study, adopts the perspectives of different actors in the logistics system: transport buyers, freight forwarders, transport operators, and authorities. The thesis identifies a wide range of actions in the logistics system to potentially enable environmentally sustainable freight transport. The perception from actors regarding what actions are important to adopt indicate that more knowledge among actors regarding how transport and traffic work can be reduced and how different actions affect each other are needed; especially how transport buyers acting affect the transport operations performed by freight forwarders and transport operators. By exploring what hinders environmentally sustainable freight transport in the interface between transport buyers and providers, it can be concluded that closer co-operation can provide better internal conditions for actors and new business solutions. Open dialogue, information sharing, and proactivity among both transport buyers and transport providers are essential. Furthermore, in order to increase load factor in practice, actions can be taken by transport buyers in the area of packaging, loading, and booking efficiency. More flexible time requirements will potentially increase the load factor. Gaining positive environmental effects from these changes is dependent on the freight forwarder’s actions in terms of consolidating with other transport buyers’ goods, route planning, and the positioning of vehicles. Since improvements in one actor’s system may not necessarily yield positive effects at a higher system level, it is important to also have a holistic view when aiming for environmentally sustainable freight transport. This thesis contributes with knowledge about how logistics actors can work toward environmentally sustainable freight transportation by providing insight for managers of transport buying and transport providing companies by exemplifying the interactions between actors and actions and their potential effects.
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| 3. |
- Earon, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Groundwater Resources Potential in Hard Rock Terrain : A Multivariate Approach
- 2014
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Ingår i: Ground Water. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 0017-467X .- 1745-6584.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Groundwater resources are limited and difficult to predict in crystalline bedrock due to heterogeneity and anisotropy in rock fracture systems. Municipal-level governments often lack the resources for traditional hydrogeological tests when planning for sustainable use of water resources. A new methodology for assessing groundwater resources potential (GRP) based on geological and topographical factors using principal component analysis (PCA) and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was developed and tested. ANOVA results demonstrated statistically significant differences in classed variable groups as well as in classed GRP scores with regard to hydrogeological indicators, such as specific capacity (SC) and transmissivity. Results of PCA were used to govern the weight of the variables used in the prediction maps. GRP scores were able to identify 79% of wells in a verification dataset, which had SC values less than the total dataset median. GRP values showed statistically significant correlations using both parametric (using transformed datasets) and non-parametric methods. The method shows promise for municipal or regional level planning in crystalline terrains with high levels of heterogeneity and anisotropy as a hydrogeologically and statistically based tool to assist in assessing groundwater resources. The methodology is executed in a geographic information systems environment, and uses often readily available data, such as geological maps, feature maps and topography, and thus does not require expensive and time-consuming aquifer tests.
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| 4. |
- Heeren, Niko, et al.
(författare)
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Towards a 2000 Watt society assessing building-specific saving potentials of the Swiss residential building stock
- 2011
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Ingår i: World Sustainable Building Conference 2011, October 18-21, 2011, Helsinki, Finland.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Switzerland declared the notion of the 2000 Watt society as their leitmotif towards a sustainable development in terms of energy. This implies that worldwide, no more than 17520 kWh of total primary energy and 1 ton CO2-eq. are to be consumed per capita and year for all services. Thus, in order to meet the targets of the 2000-Watt society, it is necessary to reduce primary energy demand by 44% and greenhouse gas emissions by 77%. The building stock model, described in this paper, assisted the government of Zurich to identify the necessary steps in order to achieve the goals with regard to the city‟s residential, school, and office buildings. The objective of this paper is to investigate the role of energy demand reduction in residential buildings on the way towards the goals of a 2000-Watt society.In order to illustrate the mechanisms within the building stock and to identify the effects of construction activity, the model works with different scenarios. Specific measures were isolated and analysed individually. All three measures act directly on the building stock; each have comparable reduction potential in terms of primary energy demand (ca. 15%) and greenhouse gas emissions (ca. 40%). In order to further cut back greenhouse gas emissions, measures to reduce carbon intensity of fuels and electricity need to be considered.
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| 5. |
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| 6. |
- Johansson, Björn, 1975, et al.
(författare)
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Evaluation and Calculation of Dynamics in Environmental Impact Assessment
- 2013
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Ingår i: IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 1868-4238 .- 1868-422X. - 9783642403514 ; 397:1, s. 135-141
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- In ten years customers will select products not only based on price and quality but also with strong regard to the product value environmental footprint, including for example the energy consumed. Customers expect transparency in the product realization process, where most products are labeled with their environmental footprint. Vigorous companies see this new product value as an opportunity to be more competitive. In order to effectively label the envi-ronmental impact of a product, it is pertinent for companies to request the envi-ronmental footprint of each component from their suppliers. Hence, companies along the product lifecycle require a tool, not only to facilitate the computing of the environmental footprint, but also help reduce/balance the environmental impact during the lifecycle of the product. This paper proposes to develop a procedure that companies will use to evaluate, improve and externally advertise their product’s environmental footprint to customers.
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| 7. |
- Mosteiro-Romero, Martín, et al.
(författare)
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Relative importance of electricity sources and construction practices in residential buildings: A Swiss-US comparison of energy related life-cycle impacts
- 2014
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Ingår i: Energy and Buildings. - : Elsevier BV. - 0378-7788. ; 68:PARTA, s. 620-631
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Comparisons of buildings in similar climates built in accordance with different regional constructionpractices and building rating systems can provide useful insights in sustainable design practices. Theobjectives of this study were: (1) to perform energy related life cycle assessments of a typical LEED-H(Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design for Homes) single-family home in New Jersey (US), and atypical Minergie-P single-family home in Chur, Switzerland; and (2) to assess the effect of rating systemsand construction practices on the buildings’ environmental impacts. Inventory data was obtained fromthe Ecoinvent 2.2 database with a replacement of the Western European electricity mix with the US orNew Jersey electricity mix for the New Jersey home. The Swiss building performed better regarding nonrenewableenergy consumption, Global Warming Potential and Acidification Potential mainly due to thegeothermal heat pump and the Swiss electricity mix while there was less of a difference regarding OzoneLayer Depletion Potential and Eutrophication Potential. The influence of electricity sources exceeded theeffects of longer building life time or the removal of the Swiss basement. Regional building practices, localcodes and environmental policies should take the electricity mix into account because it is so important.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Kosaraju, Sravya, 1983
(författare)
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A review of the importance of recycling lithium-ion batteries for lithium, in view of impending electric vehicle industry
- 2012
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Automobile electrification is one the technological developments, that will commence an earth friendly transport system, by mitigating emissions and hopefully lead to a less fossil fuel dependent society. With commercial success attained by models like Nissan’s leaf and Chevy’s Volt, the consumer market looks promising to assimilate vehicle electrification. At present these technologies include HEVs (hybrid electric vehicles), PHEVs (plug-in hybrid electric vehicles), EVs (complete electric vehicles).A closer look at these technologies will lead us to one of the crucial components of electric vehicles, the “batteries”. This component decides one of the key performance factors which is the energy storage and usage, which means it is the basis for public acceptability.The lithium-ion battery chemistries are chosen to fulfill this requirement. Although lithium constitutes of a small fraction of the complete battery weight, still its contin-ued availability in future is debated among many resource analysts.
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| 10. |
- Tranvik, Lena, et al.
(författare)
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Reglerad mångfald
- 2014
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Ingår i: Älvräddaren. - 0282-1354. ; 2014, s. 17-19
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Ingress: Vattendrag med opåverkade flöden och stränder har stora förutsättningar för höga naturvärden. Vattnets dynamik skapar variation i både strandstruktur och bottensubstrat och därmed förutsättningar för variationsrika livsmiljöer.
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