| 1. |
- Larsson, Bengt, 1943-, et al.
(författare)
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The Effect and Cost Impact of Poor Airtightness : Information for Developers and Clients
- 2007
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Ingår i: Thermal Performance of the Exterior Envelopes of Whole Buildings. - Orlando : ASHRAE. - 2166-8469. - 9781933742281
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Air movements in and through the building envelope affect the flows of not only heat, but also moisture, gases and particles, in a building. They often play a decisive part in determining moisture conditions, and thus indoor environmental conditions in the building, and ultimately, the durability of the building structure. Air flows affect thermal comfort and ventilation, and thus air quality. In addition, they also cause heat loss, both directly via ventilation, and through their effect on the performance of what are intended to be high-insulation structures.A previous joint project between SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden and Chalmers University of Technology investigated the importance of airtightness in the construction process. The project found that many types of damage and problems were caused by poor airtightness, that airtightness was seldom given the proper consideration that it deserved and that there was a major need for information on the effect of poor airtightness. One of the conclusions was that it is important to get developers/clients to treat airtightness more seriously.The objective of the follow-on project that is described here is therefore to make developers/clients (more) aware of the potential damage that can be caused by poor airtightness, together with the “cost” of this damage/problem in a life-cycle perspective. Hopefully, developers/clients will then specify and monitor airtightness requirements more clearly. The aim is therefore to develop tools and methods for informing developers/clients of the importance of good airtightness, and of the resulting extra costs that incur from paying insufficient attention to airtightness.The project has identified and assessed various consequences of poor airtightness, such as increased energy use, reduced thermal comfort, reduced air quality and moisture damages.The cost calculations show that the developer/client would benefit in most cases from an increased standard and follow up on airtightness. We have projected the work with three different levels of ambition: 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 l/m2s (at 50 Pa pressure difference), and believe that the optimal airtightness lies somewhere in the region of these values, depending on the buildings use and equipment.
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| 2. |
- Franzén, Anders, 1965
(författare)
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Skiftenas skede: laga skiftets handlingar som källmaterial för byggnadshistoriska studier med exempel från Småland 1828-1927
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis evaluates the archive records created in connection with the Swedish agricultural reform known as the Laga Skifte, the legislation for which was in force between 1828 and 1927. That legislation applied to the greater part of the country, but the analytical areas for the present these are located in the province of Småland. My main purpose is to investigate whether, and if so how, Laga Skifte documents can provide new information for settlement history research. In particular, over and above a basic source-critical discussion of the nature and reliability of the material, my interest focuses on two areas. Firstly, I analyse the different types of information which can be extracted from the source material, focusing on buildings and building. In this context the source character of Laga Skifte documents is discussed in relation to the character of other sources. Secondly, I explore the ability of the source material to shed light on relocations resulting from the Laga Skifte. The study is above all concerned with two questions, namely which households were obliged to move and which agents played a part in the work which relocation involved. Three case studies are presented, by way of testing the reliability of the Laga Skifte records as a historical source. Very often the data in the different sources concur, and I take this to mean that the Laga Skifte records contain reliable information. In certain cases, though, this congruence is lacking. When the sources do not provide similar data, I class this as omissions, inconsistencies or contradictions. I also examine the feasibility of using Laga Skifte records as a principal source for studies in vernacular architecture. A broad picture of the history of farm buildings is given, based on the Laga Skifte records. Each area of analysis is studied separately to begin with, using the building categories occurring on the farms. The investigation ends with two summaries. One of them is a synthesis of settlement, contrasting the characters of the different areas of analysis. The province of Småland, which has previously been portrayed as fairly uniform, turns out to include many different types of settlement. The second summary is a concrete comparison with previous research, and through this the potentialities and weaknesses of the Laga Skifte records can be made clear. One chapter considers the information obtainable from the Laga Skifte records as to which households are relocated on account of the Laga Skifte and which agents take part in the relocations. Previous research argues that small farmers with poor buildings had to move out of the hamlets in connection with the Laga Skifte. My studies show that this was commonly the case but that there were many exceptions. I open my discussion of who participated in relocations by considering the concept of day-works. Basically, they can be divided up into skilled day-works, done by professional craftsmen, and less skilled day-works which could be performed by the common man. Generally speaking, I conclude from the relocation costing estimates that unskilled day-works predominate in the early, pre-1850 redistributions, but that bricklayer day-works also occur. Bricklayers took part in the construction of chimneys and hearths for dwelling houses. After the mid-19th century it becomes common for other craftsmen also to be involved in house removals. Rural building, in other words, appears to undergo a gradual process of professionalisation. A time-geographic study shows the time of year when building work was done, and suggests that the households in a hamlet were in a position to do much of the work of relocation themselves. Any external manpower engaged comes from the vicinity, i.e. from within the parish. A surviving day-work ledger compiled during the relocation of a hamlet in about 1880 suggests that relocation assistance was rendered by the neighbouring households and that external labour was used mainly for the skilled operations involved.
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| 3. |
- Wallbaum, Holger, 1967
(författare)
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Sustainability indicators for the built environment - the challenges ahead
- 2008
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 2008 World Sustainable Building Conference, 21-25 September 2008, Melbourne, Australia. - 9780646503721 ; 2, s. 1292-1298
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Methods and tools including sustainable development indicators (SDIs) are important aids to the implementation of sustainable development in the construction industry. Through a qualitative analysis, a variety of methods which are widely used internationally can be assessed to establish their compliance with the general requirements of sustainable development. This paper looks at five fundamental criteria: holism, lifecycle assessment, directional certainty, traceability/transparency and local suitability. Most methods more or less meet these requirements, in which users play a central role in compliance. This paper identifies a number of remaining knowledge deficits: the recording and analysis of sociocultural indicators, additional environmental indicators such as land use, resource intensity, interior quality and usability, and a more detailed understanding of building usage and decommissioning costs. In addition to these knowledge deficits, and for a variety of reasons, there is also an implementation deficit: the practice of sustainable construction is lagging far behind the theory.
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| 4. |
- Kadefors, Anna, 1962, et al.
(författare)
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Developments in partnering models. Relationship duration and knowledge integration.
- 2009
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Ingår i: Proceeding from the international conference Changing Roles; New Roles, New Challenges. Noordwijk an Zee, The Netherlands, 5-9 October 2009. - 9789090246413 ; , s. 3-12
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over time, partnering initiatives have been characterized by increasing formalization and involvement of a wider range of actors, but there does not seem to be a clear trend that project partnering is replaced by long term relations. In this paper, we discuss which factors influence the development of strategic and project partnering respectively, as well as trends in managing integrated teamwork. The empirical basis is three case studies: two of project partnering relationships and one of a long term long term partnership involving a network of suppliers. We find that partnering models and performance are shaped both by project management and by factors in the project environment. Long term relations supplier have to be skilfully managed to be an attractive alternative to project partnering in a market where general partnering competence is high. Also, in the management of complex collaborative relationships, a key challenge is to balance the benefits of including as much competence as possible with the restrictions of creating meeting places for meaningful knowledge exchange. Further, with increasing maturity partnering may more often be used to change power relations and bring in critical perspectives, thereby calling for other types of conflict management than those relating to contractual disagreements.
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| 5. |
- Olsson, Krister, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
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City Marketing : the role of the citizens
- 2009
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Ingår i: Place Reinventions. - Farnham, Surrey : Ashgate. - 9780754674757 ; , s. 127-144
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 6. |
- Ankre, Rosemarie, 1975-, et al.
(författare)
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Silence – an article of short supply in outdoor recreation? Handling noise conflicts in Swedish planning
- 2008
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Ingår i: Management for protection and sustainable development. The Fourth International Conference on Monitoring and Management of Visitors Flows in Recreational and Protected Areas.. - Montecatini Terme, Tuscany, Italy. ; , s. 399-403
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Outdoor recreation areas are exposed to several causes of conflict. Many interests, along with different types of recreation activities, are competing in the same area. In these areas, conflicts are handled by spatial planning and by the separation in space of different functions. One source of conflict is noise. The lack of noise-free areas in the Swedish coastal areas has become an amenity problem. Does this make noise an important problem to consider in planning? An assumption is that the sound environment is relevant for the visitors’ experience; spending time in nature is associated with peace and quiet, where one should not be disturbed. In this study, it will be investigated how silence and noise actually are considered in the Swedish municipal planning. “Silence” is one of the amenity categories reported in the Swedish tourism data base. Is there a discrepancy between the existing municipal planning and the visitors’ opinions, attitudes and experiences? Furthermore, there will be an analysis of how silence and noise could be handled in spatial planning. One possible method is zoning. By excluding certain outdoor recreation activities from some areas, zoning may handle, or at least reduce, the problem of conflicts. The biosphere reserve concept (where zoning is an important part) will for that reason be discussed as a potential tool. A case study of the Blekinge archipelago, Sweden is the foundation of the study, which data consist of planning documents and questionnaire surveys considering outdoor recreation and nature tourism.
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| 7. |
- Assefa, Getachew, et al.
(författare)
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Environmental assessment of building properties — Where natural and social sciences meet : the case of EcoEffect
- 2007
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Ingår i: Building and Environment. - : Elsevier BV. - 0360-1323 .- 1873-684X. ; 42:3, s. 1458-1464
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The EcoEffect method of assessing external and internal impacts of building properties is briefly described. The external impacts of manufacturing and transport of the building materials, the generation of power and heat consumed during the operation phase are assessed using life-cycle methodology. Emissions and waste; natural resource depletion and toxic substances in building materials are accounted for. Here methodologies from natural sciences are employed. The internal impacts involve the assessment of the risk for discomfort and ill-being due to features and properties of both the indoor environment and outdoor environment within the boundary of the building properties. This risk is calculated based on data and information from questionnaires; measurements and inspection where methodologies mainly from social sciences are used. Life-cycle costs covering investment and utilities costs as well as maintenance costs summed up over the lifetime of the building are also calculated.The result presentation offers extensive layers of diagrams and data tables ranging from an aggregated diagram of environmental efficiency to quantitative indicators of different aspects and factors. Environmental efficiency provides a relative measure of the internal quality of a building property in relation to its external impact vis-à-vis its performance relative to other building properties.
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| 8. |
- Forsberg, Lena Petersson
(författare)
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Friluftsliv och naturturism i kommunal planering : delresultat från en webbaserad enkätundersökning våren 2008
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Om, hur och i vilken grad friluftslivets och naturturismens intressen beaktas i den kommunala fysiska planeringen har varit huvudfokus för denna undersökning. Resultaten visar att en övervägande majoritet av kommunerna använder möjligheterna att utöva friluftsliv och naturturism som argument i sin marknadsföring men i avvägningen mot andra samhällsintressen är det inte alltid självklart att friluftslivet blir vinnare. Resultatet från enkäten visar att friluftslivets och naturturismens intressen synliggörs i mycket olika grad i kommunernas fysiska planering. Att friluftslivet och naturturismen är mindre synligt i den fysiska planeringen behöver inte med automatik betyda att det faktiska utfallet för medborgarnas möjligheter att utöva friluftsliv är dåligt. Många kommuner jobbar aktivt med projekt som syftar till att säkerställa och förvalta naturområden intressanta för friluftslivet. I kommuner där det råder eller kommer att råda exploateringstryck eller andra hot mot naturområden är det dock önskvärt att friluftslivet får en hög status redan i planeringsskedena. Detta för att om möjligt stå starkare i avvägningen mot andra samhällsintressen.
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| 9. |
- Isaksson, Karolina, et al.
(författare)
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From consultation to deliberation? Tracing deliberative norms in EIA frameworks in Swedish roads planning
- 2009
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Ingår i: Environmental impact assessment review. - : Elsevier BV. - 0195-9255 .- 1873-6432. ; 29:5, s. 295-304
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents the results of an analysis of deliberative norms in the framework for Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in roads planning in Sweden. The more specific question is how this framework has responded to the shift towards more deliberative approaches to planning and decision making, advocated in planning theory and policy literature over the last decade. The analysis, which compares the current framework and guidance with an earlier iteration, identifies a shift towards deliberation; deliberative norms are present, and even dominate recent guidance. However, an instrumental norm permeates both the former and the current guidance, suggesting that even as a language of consultation is replaced by one of deliberation, the intention remains to secure and legitimise a smooth development pathway. Evidence from interviews with professionals working in the Swedish EIA system highlights the difficulties of navigating these uncertainties in practice. By opening up critical analysis of deliberative norms as they shape the conditions for practice, this study contributes to the continuous development of planning practice, by supporting a more normatively reflexive approach to framework-design.
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| 10. |
- Larsson, Stefan
(författare)
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Problematisering av vindkraftens regelverk : en pilotstudie
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Detta är en pilotstudie som problematiserar vindkraftens regelverk i Sverige utifrån ett rättssociologiskt och planeringsjuridiskt perspektiv. Under hösten 2008 kom ett betänkande från miljöprocessutredningen gällande en effektivisering av prövning av vindkraft (SOU 2008:86). Bakgrunden var att krav på att en snabbare och enklare process från projektering till uppförande av vindkraftverk hade rests i takt med en ökad nationell satsning på utbyggnaden av vindkraft. I betänkandet ges förslag utifrån ett lagteknisk perspektiv. Pilotstudien visar emellertid att det finns brister i den empiri på vilken förslaget grundas gällande dess systematiskhet och representativitet. För vissa frågor, exempelvis gällande rättspraxis i lägre instanser, finns ingen klar kunskapsbild. Utan en god empiriskt förankrad kunskapsgrund att stå på blir det rimligen också svårt att föreslå förändringar som med säkerhet kommer att leda till en bättre prövning, eller ens en snabbare prövning. Miljöutredningens betänkande utgör en positionering åt ett mer kalkylerande och centraliserat beslutsfattande på bekostnad av det mer lokala och deliberativa. Betänkandet visar på hur de lokala värderingarna ses som ett problem i skenet av den nationella utbyggnadspolicyn. Detta gör att utbyggnaden av vindkraften är principiellt intressant i jämförelse med utbyggnaden av infrastruktur för 3G med tanke på hur en nationell policy hanteras och är beroende av den lokala implementeringen och det spänningsförhållande som råder mellan de två nivåerna. Detta leder till vad pilotstudien kommer fram till som en kärnfråga, nämligen om vem som skall bestämma över landskapets planering och vilken kunskap som skall ligga till grund för sådana beslut. Betänkandet hävdar att kommunerna inte förlorar inflytande över markanvändningen samtidigt som detta påstående inte tydligt underbyggs, det finns tvärtom fog för att just så är fallet. Pilotstudien pekar därmed på att frågan är av en större principiell politisk karaktär som inte enbart bör lösas genom lagtekniska förändringar i effektivitetens namn. Pilotstudien bygger på intervjuer med nyckelpersoner inom svensk vindkraft samt en analys av lagstiftning, med förarbeten och praxis med fokus på miljöprocessutredningens betänkande SOU 2008:86. Pilotstudien ger förslag på vidare studier, exempelvis gällande att ta fram ett systematiskt kunskapsunderlag om prövningssystemet, bl. a. för användning vid tecknandet av en hindertypologi gällande vad som tar tid, för att skilja på det som bör ta tid från det som inte bör ta tid i prövningen. På en mer generell nivå borde man även undersöka vad det innebär att det görs särlösningar och små oberoende revideringar av delarna i ett planeringssystem som i sig är beroende av att dess delar kan fungera väl ihop. Pilotstudien är gjord på uppdrag av Blekinge Tekniska Högskola genom Lars Emmelin, professor vid enheten för fysisk planering, och utförd av Stefan Larsson, teknologie licentiat i fysisk planering, jurist och rättssociolog.
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