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- Järvinen-Tassopoulos, Johanna, et al.
(författare)
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Rahapelaaminen koronapandemian aikana : kokemuksia riskeistä ja muutoksista
- 2020
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Ingår i: Tiede & edistys. - : Tutkijaliitto ry. - 0356-3677. ; 2020:4, s. 386-406
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Gambling during the COVID-19 pandemic: experiences of risks and changesThis study uses theories of risk society to examine how gamblers have experienced the exceptional situation caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, and what are the risks they have associated with the situation. The qualitative data was gathered by the University of Helsinki and EHYT ry. Results show that the reduced availability of gambling has limited total consumption, and the risk of gambling-related harms has therefore become less pressing during the pandemic. While gambling is also a public health risk in addition to being a harmful activity, the policy measures during the COVID-19 pandemic have revealed that, at a societal level, the risk of infection was perceived as a more serious problem than the risk of gambling harms.
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- Höckert, Emily, 1981-
(författare)
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Vieraanvaraisuus : [Hospitality]
- 2017. - 1
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Ingår i: Matkailututkimuksen avainkäsitteet. - Rovaniemi : Lapland University Press. - 9789523109520 - 9789523109537 ; , s. 247-253
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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- Laakso, Liisa, 1961-
(författare)
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Akateeminen vapaus tutkimuskohteena : havaintoja Afrikasta
- 2023
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Ingår i: Annales Academiae Scientiarum Fennicae. - 2953-9048 .- 2954-1050. ; 2:1, s. 139-159
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- News about violations of academic freedom have increased with the erosion of civil liberties and the decline of democratization. However, there is little empirical research on the political effects of academic freedom. There is also no consensus on the exact definition of the term. In this article, the meanings of academic freedom are approached through literature and practical advocacy work, and by presenting the indicator published in 2020 by the Varieties of Democracy database. As an example, we examine research results on the link between academic freedom and democracy in Africa, where the university institution has developed in the midst of rapid political changes. Based on interview material, we will focus on the experiences of scholars in Ghana, Cameroon, Kenya and Zimbabwe. Research data shows that academic freedom and higher education support democratic development far into the future. That is why they deserve long-term support through development cooperation.
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- Hearn, Jeff, 1947-, et al.
(författare)
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Naisten johtamisuriin vaikuttavat stereotypiat [The effect of stereotypes on women’s management careers]
- 2014
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Ingår i: Hallinon tutkimus. - Helsinki : Hallinnon Tutkimuksen Seura. - 0359-6680. ; 33:4, s. 332-351
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this article is to analyze existing research and knowledge of stereotypes that affect women’s management careers. The two research questions are: In previous research, what are the stereotypes that have been found to affect women in their careers? What consequences have stereotypes had on career women on the one hand, and organizations on the other? The research method used is content analysis.The results of this research suggest that women in management are subjected to stereotypical beliefs that women lack various specific and necessary leadership attributes. First, feminine traits are considered career limiting, just as certain masculine attributes are believed to be more suitable in management positions. Another stereotype that affects women in management is a belief of having to manage on their own. Women succeed in managing alone if they can assimilate an androgynous leadership style. A third stereotype is the belief that female leaders are superior to male leaders. In this case, women leaders are portrayed as strong, positive, feminine leaders.Our analysis suggests that such stereotypes of women managers have the following consequences. Women experience gender discrimination in the recruitment of managers, because they are considered less competent than men. Women’s own beliefs in their abilities can also be based on stereotypes, and thus women can themselves limit their own career potential. Young women in particular experience the adverse effects of negative stereotypes. Stereotypes cause stress, which pushes women to adopt more masculine leadership styles. Women managers are also often token representatives of their gender within a masculine environment. This makes them outsiders and not part of the group. At the organizational level, the negative consequences of stereotypes include a failure to capitalize on available competencies, as well as lack of profitability and inefficiency.In order to decrease these negative stereotypes, previous research has presented the following options. Women may adapt to the reality of masculine leadership or develop an androgynous leadership style. Thus, diminishing the power of stereotypes is argued to be the individual’s responsibility, and does not necessarily involve questioning the dominant masculinity of leadership. Special solutions aimed at women, such as training and mentoring, are considered important. Research does not mention solutions for men, for example, attitude training. A feminization of leadership styles, suitable for flat, non-hierarchical organizations, and which calls into question the assumption that leadership needs to be masculine, is offered as a way to decrease stereotypes.
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