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Dahlgren, Lars, 1944-
(author)
Samhällsplanering och lokalsamhälle : en sociologisk analys av den sociala samhällsplaneringens möjligheter och begränsningar, illustrerad av tre ortsstudier i Norrbottens län
1984
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic) abstract
The purpose of this dissertation is to make a contribution to the creation of more efficient social planning. It has been formulated in the following way: 1. To describe how social planning has developed in Sweden and what role sociological knowledge has played in this process. 2. To analyse thè social causes of this development. 3. To illustrate the development of our society througt the study of three communities in the county of Norrbotten. These empirical studies serve a double purpose. They are examples of the kind of planning-tools for which this dissertation argues. They are also meant to throw a light on the specific social evolution, which has created different forms and contents in the planning process. A tangible starting point for the dissertation is to establish the fact that social planning has expanded rapidly after the inter-war pe-riod-both in form and substance and the development is characterized by centralisation and division into sectors. In other words, it is distinguished by increased vertical and horizontal division of labour. During the seventies, however, a growing criticism of this process was articulated, particularly from two directions: agencies in the social sector and districts in the periphery-areas which begin to experience the consequences of structural rationalisation. Among other things they want more social and qualitative planning to take place. An increasing interest in sociological knowledge can be seen as a response to this criticism. After that three normative possibilities of development is presentated on the assumption that social planning for the time being is characterized by centralisation as well as division into sectors. The argumentation aims to show how one of the normative possibilities, a co-ordination between de-centralization and a reduced division into sectors, can make public planning more effective. Furthermore two aspects of the^efficiency problem are discussed. The first perspective is based on productivity and deals with the question to what extent social planning activities are producing optimum knowledge from investigated resources. The other perspective focuses on the ability of social planning to help citizens form an opinion of political decisions. This discussion is a theoretical background to the normative recommendations for planning methods (community studies as a complement to social planning)which follows. The planning methods are illustraded by three community studies carried out in Korpilombolo, Seskarb and Rosvik, all three communities in the most northern county of Sweden, Norrbotten. The collection of data took place within the framework of the pilot project: Social development planning in the county of Norrbotten. The theoretical frame of reference of these studies is based on the concept 'Way of Life', which is defined as the totality of peoples' destinies, activities,everyday life and relationsship. The way of life in the three villages is outlined and compared in three dimensions, activities, needs and resources. Finally future studies following on from this dissertation is suggested, for instance, 'ex-post' estimates regarding actual consequences of applied com-munity studies.
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Heidegren, Carl-Göran
(author)
Filosofi och revolution : Hegels väg till visdom
1984
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic) abstract
The dissertation is an attempt to understand the genesis of Hegel's thought on two levels: within a social and historical setting and within an intellectual setting. In the one case the relation between human thought and the social context from which it springs is thematized, in the other an attempt is made to reconstruct a development within the history of ideas. These two perspectives are integrated into one presentation. The basic thesis is that classical German philosophy from Kant to Hegel can be understood as an attempt to come to grips with the central problem of the age, that is, with the transition from "l'ancien régime" to modern bourgeois society, a transformation that for the progressive intellectuals of 1789 was spelled out as the realization of reason.
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Matović, Margareta R., 1936-
(author)
Stockholmsäktenskap : familjebildning och partnerval i Stockholm 1850-1890
1984
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic) abstract
The subject for this dissertation is family formation and the choice of partners during the initial period of industrialization in Stockholm. An important question is whether there were differences in behavior concerning the formation of families and the choice of partners as between different social groups and as between natives and in-migrants. A study of the choise of partners makes possible an analysis of the social distance between different social groups in society.The study concentrates on first marriages and on those areas where the source materials have provided excellent opportunities, i.e. studies of age at marriage, choice of partners, extralegal family formation, and the geographic origin of the partners. The study is done within the framework of the theory that people will act rationally in order to survive and to improve their material and social situation. As family formation and marriage formation can be considered as forms of social and economic exchange where the partners make choices based on anticipated future advantages and disadvantages, the socio-psychological theory of exchange offers a possibility for interpreting human social behavior in choosing partners for either sanctioned or non-sanctioned family formation.Many children were born out of wedlock in Stockholm into marriagelike settings and, overtime, were legitimized by their parents. During the period 1860-1890, an average of 42% of the couples announcing the banns of matrimony were cohabiting, and somewhat over 11 % legalized their premarital children when they married. The study has revealed a hidden structure of extralegal family formation that closely paralleled family formation within the institution of marriage. Extralegal family formation or "Stockholm-marriage" was most common among unskilled workers and recently arrived, unproportied women. Specific reasons for extralegal family information included the importance of socio-economic conditions for the proclivity to cohabitate. The ability of the unpropertied woman to provide for herself influenced her attitude toward premarital sexual relations. Another remarkable thing about Stockholm 1850-1890 was the high age of marriage. Unpropertied women married approximately three years later than women from the propertied classes. Their partners were often younger than themselves. The strong in-migration during 1860s, 1870s and 1880s influenced the pattern of marriage in the long run both from a social and from a geographical perspective. Marriage with native Stockholmers fell in number the further one went down the social scale. However, during the period 1860-1890, more and more Stockholm-born men from the propertied classes choosed a wife from the provinces. This was a breach in the wellestablished pattern of choosing partners from well-known Stockholm families. This breach of practice brought with it increased social and geographic levelling.The fears of the upper class over division of property and loss of prestige led to highly endogamous choices of partners; more than 40 % of the men an almost 50 % of the women of the upper class married within their own class. Among women from the upper middle class, one can note a certain trend toward marriage within the lower class. Within the lower class, people married almost exclusively within their own ranks, even if there was a certain striving towards marriage with the upper and lower middle classes. It appears that fewer and fewer men and women from the lower class were able to advance socially via marriage during 1870s and 1880s. At the same time, the distance between groups of workers and craftsmen diminished.The preindustrial pattern of family formation observable in the pilot study of Maria Magdalena parish between 1850-1859 characterized the entire capital during the 1860s and 1870s. The first signs of change occured during the 1880s. At this point, age att marriage demonstrated a tendency to fall, especially among unpropertied women, and there was less cohabitation among couples announcing the banns of matrimony. The tendency toward change beginning during the 1880s pointed in the direction of a more "bourgeois" behavior among the lower classes. Perhaps one can speak of a transfer of values and customs from above that occured while the socio-economic conditions were changing. The class strategies for survival that had previously overshadowed and interfered with conformity with existing norms now gave way to certain idealistic patterns of behavior previously demonstrated by the propertied classes.
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