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Broady, Donald, 1946-
(författare)
Sociologi och epistemologi : om Pierre Bourdieus författarskap och den historiska epistemologin = [Sociology and epistemology] : [on Pierre Bourdieu's work and the historical epistemology]
1990
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt) abstract
The sociology of Pierre Bourdieu is analyzed from two angles.On the one hand, the development of Bourdieu's methods and key concepts (symbolic capital, cultural capital, habitus, field) is traced back to the problems which he and his collaborators have encountered in their research practice.On the other hand, the relations between Bourdieu's sociology and some pertinent traditions in social science and philosophy are explored. Of special significance are the affinities with the Durkheimians; in contemporary French sociology the Bourdieu school has, in several respects, come to fill the space that was left vacant after the decline of durkheimianism. Bourdieu's sociology is also indebted to the historical epistemology (Gaston Bachelard, Jean Cavaillès, Georges Canguilhem, et al).One main conclusion of the study is that the theory to be found in Bourdieu's sociology is not primarily a general theory of society. It is rather a theory of knowledge, and first and foremost a sociological theory of the formation of sociological knowledge. Within the social sciences Bourdieu's work could be regarded as a counterpart to the historical epistemology within the philosophy of the natural sciences and mathematics.
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Lundberg, Olle, 1958-
(författare)
Den ojämlika ohälsan : om klass- och könsskillnader i sjuklighet
1990
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt) abstract
This study addresses the question of inequalities in health between social classes and betweenmen and women. The purpose of the study is threefold, namely 1) to map class and sex differencesin illnes in Sweden, 2) to seek an explanation for class differences in health and 3) toseek an explanation for sex differences in health. The analyses are mainly performed on datafrom the Swedish Level of Living surveys which were conducted in 1968, 1974 and 1981.The second chapter has a descriptive focus, where the purpose is to show the magnitude ofclass and sex differences in illness and mortality in Sweden. The conclusion of the literaturereviews and the analyses undertaken is that social class and sex differences in illness persist inSweden, although class inequalities in health tend to be smaller than in other comparablecountries.In Chapter Three the question of health-related social mobility as an explanation for classdifferences in illness is analysed. Two types of health-related social mobility are distinguished,namely direct and indirect health-related mobility. The analyses show that although healthrelatedsocial mobility may contribute to class differences in health, other factors are moreimportant for the persisting class gradient in illness.In Chapter Four, several possible causal factors behind class inequalities in health are considered.These are economic problems during upbringing, economic resources, physical workingconditions, psychological working conditions, weak social network, and health-relatedbehaviours (alcohol and tobacco consumption). The analyses, conducted on both cross-sectionaland longitudinal data, point to physical working conditions as a major cause behindclass differences in physical illness, and as a not unimportant factor behind class differencesin mental health problems as well. Conditions during childhood and alcohol and tobacco consumptionalso appear to be of some importance for the production of class inequalities inhealth. On the other hand, class differences in psychological working conditions, measuredas work stress and job decision latitude, seem to diminish rather than increase class differencesin illness, especially mental illness.Chapter Five addresses the question of possible mechanisms behind the female excess ofillness. Two factors are drawn from the present theoretical debate to be tested, namely responsibilityfor everyday household work and societal integration. Although fairly brief andexploratory in nature, the analyses quite clearly point to the combination of household workand social integration as a crucial factor for the understanding of sex differences in health.Finally, the implications for public health policy of the results produced in the study arediscussed. It is argued that class differences in health provide a major potential for publichealth improvement, by reducing health risks for those in the least healthy categories. Furthermore,the analyses undertaken in this study quite clearly point to class differences in physicalworking conditions as the most important factor to change if one wants to achieve a reductionof illness risks for those most exposed. The importance of class differences in childhoodconditions are also highlighted as a crucial factor for subsequent health inequalities.
