Reliable data for high-temperature viscosity and surface tension : results from a European project

• Results are reported of work carried out for the European Commission under contract number MAT1 CT 940006, between 1994 and 1998. The project provided recommended surface tension - temperature relationships for copper and nickel samples prepared by cold crucible melting to +/-3%, by the levitation and sessile drop methods, and values were also obtained for iron and gold in preliminary studies. For copper, (gamma /N m(-1)) = 1.304 - 0.289 x 10(-3)[(theta - 1083)/degreesC]; for nickel, (gamma /N m(-1)) = 1.781 - 0.285 x 10(-3)[(theta - 1455)/degreesC]. Comparison of terrestrial measurements with those made in microgravity have shown that the Cumming's equation is a reliable and satisfactory method of correcting the surface tensions derived with the levitated drop method for the effect of electromagnetic pressure. For measurements with an oscillating cylinder viscometer, recommended viscosity-temperature relationships are given for copper, nickel, and iron. For copper, log(10)(eta /mPa s) = -0.2791 + [1245.5/(T/K)]; for nickel, log(10)(q/mPa s) = -0.5038 + [2029/(T/K)]; and for iron, log(10)(eta /mPa s) = -0.6494 + [2568/(T/K)].

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