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Chemical Distributi...
Chemical Distribution of Multiple Cation (Rb+, Cs+, MA(+), and FA(+)) Perovskite Materials by Photoelectron Spectroscopy
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- Philippe, Bertrand, 1986- (författare)
- Uppsala universitet,Molekyl- och kondenserade materiens fysik
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- Saliba, Michael (författare)
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015-Lausanne, Switzerland
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- Correa-Baena, Juan-Pablo (författare)
- Laboratory for Photomolecular Science, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Switzerland; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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- Cappel, Ute B. (författare)
- Uppsala universitet,Molekyl- och kondenserade materiens fysik,Uppsala University, Sweden
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- Turren-Cruz, Silver-Hamill (författare)
- Laboratory for Photomolecular Science, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique, Lausanne, Switzerland; Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, México,Laboratory for Photomolecular Science, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique, Lausanne, Switzerland
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- Gratzel, Michael (författare)
- Laboratory for Photomolecular Science, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique, Lausanne, Switzerland
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- Hagfeldt, Anders (författare)
- Uppsala universitet,Fysikalisk kemi,Laboratory for Photomolecular Science, Institute of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, École Polytechnique, Lausanne, Switzerland
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- Rensmo, Håkan (författare)
- Uppsala universitet,Molekyl- och kondenserade materiens fysik
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(creator_code:org_t)
- 2017-04-05
- 2017
- Engelska.
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Ingår i: Chemistry of Materials. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0897-4756 .- 1520-5002. ; 29:8, s. 3589-3596
- Relaterad länk:
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https://doi.org/10.1...
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https://urn.kb.se/re...
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https://doi.org/10.1...
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https://urn.kb.se/re...
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Abstract
Ämnesord
Stäng
- Lead-based mixed perovskite materials have emerged in the last couple of years as promising photovoltaic materials. Recently, it was shown that improved material stability can be achieved by incorporating small amounts of inorganic cations (Cs+ and Rb+), partially replacing the more common organic cations (e.g., methylammonium, MA, and formamidinium, FA). Especially, a mixed cation composition containing Rb+, Cs+, MA(+), and FA(+) was recently shown to have beneficial optoelectronic properties and was stable at elevated temperature. This work focuses on the composition of this material using synchrotron-based photoelectron spectroscopy. Different probing depths were considered by changing the photon energy of the X-ray source providing insights on the chemical composition and the chemical distribution near the surface of the samples. Perovskite materials containing two, three, or four monovalent cations were analyzed and compared. The presence of Cs and Rb was observed both at the sample surface and toward the bulk, and we found that in the presence of three or four cations, less unreacted PbI2 remains in the sample. Interestingly, Rb and Cs appear to act jointly resulting in a different cation depth profile compared to that of the triple counterparts. Our findings provide significant understanding of the intricate depth-dependent chemical composition in perovskite materials using the common practice of cation mixing.
Ämnesord
- NATURVETENSKAP -- Kemi (hsv//swe)
- NATURAL SCIENCES -- Chemical Sciences (hsv//eng)
- TEKNIK OCH TEKNOLOGIER -- Naturresursteknik -- Energisystem (hsv//swe)
- ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY -- Environmental Engineering -- Energy Systems (hsv//eng)
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