Protecting GNSS Open Service-Navigation Message Authentication against Distance-Decreasing Attacks

• As the security of global navigation satellite systems(GNSS) for civilian usage is becoming increasingly important,navigation message authentication is to significantly improveresilience to spoofing attacks. However, not all attacks can beeffectively countered: a strong variant of replay/relay attacks,distance-decreasing (DD) attacks, can shorten pseudorange mea-surements, without manipulating the cryptographically protectednavigation message, thus manipulating the positiion, velocity, andtime solution undetected. First, we discuss how DD attacks cantamper with GNSS signals, demonstrating the attack effectivenesson a recorded Galileo signal. DD attacks might introduce biterrors to the forged signals, but the adversary can keep this errorrate very low with proper attack parameter settings. Then, basedon our mathematical model of the prompt correlator outputof the tracking phase at the victim receiver, we find that thecorrelator output distribution changes in presence of DD attacks.This leads us to apply hypothesis testing to detect the DD attacks,notably a Goodness of Fit (GoF) test and a generalized likelihoodratio test (GLRT), depending on the victim’s knowledge on theDD attacks. Monte Carlo simulations are used to evaluate thedetection probability and the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curves for two tests, for different adversary configurationand noise settings. Then, we evaluate the effectiveness of the twotests with a synthesized DD signal. The results show that bothtests can detect DD attacks with similar performance in highsignal-to-noise ratio (SNR) environments. The GLRT detectionprobability is approximately20%higher than that of the GoFtest in low SNR environments

Ämnesord

TEKNIK OCH TEKNOLOGIER  -- Elektroteknik och elektronik -- Signalbehandling (hsv//swe)

ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY  -- Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering -- Signal Processing (hsv//eng)

TEKNIK OCH TEKNOLOGIER  -- Elektroteknik och elektronik -- Kommunikationssystem (hsv//swe)

ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY  -- Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering -- Communication Systems (hsv//eng)

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