Functionalized graphene oxide tablets for sample preparation of drugs in biological fluids : Extraction of ritonavir, a HIV protease inhibitor, from human saliva and plasma using LC–MS/MS

• In this work, graphene oxide–based tablets (GO-Tabs) were prepared by applying a thin layer of functionalized GO on a polyethylene substrate. The GO was functionalized with amine groups (–NH2) by poly(ethylene glycol)bis(3-aminopropyl) terminated (GO-NH2-PEG-NH2). The functionalized GO-Tabs were used for the extraction of ritonavir (RTV) in human saliva samples. RTV in plasma and saliva samples was analyzed using LC–MS/MS. Gradient LC system with MS/MS in the positive-ion mode [electrospray ionization (ESI+)] was used. The transitions m/z 721 → 269.0 and m/z 614 → 421 were used for RTV and the internal standard indinavir, respectively. This study determined the human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitor RTV in human saliva samples using functionalized GO-Tab and LC–MS/MS, and the method was validated. The standard calibration curve for plasma and saliva samples was constructed from 5.0 to 2000 nmol L−1. The limit of detection was 0.1 nmol L−1, and the limit of quantification was 5.0 nmol L−1 in both plasma and saliva matrices. The intra- and inter-assay precision values were found to be between 1.5 and 5.8%, and the accuracy values ranged from 88.0 to 108% utilizing saliva and plasma samples. The extraction recovery was more than 80%, and the presented functionalized GO-Tabs could be reused for more than 10 extractions without deterioration in recovery.

Ämnesord

NATURVETENSKAP  -- Kemi -- Analytisk kemi (hsv//swe)

NATURAL SCIENCES  -- Chemical Sciences -- Analytical Chemistry (hsv//eng)

Nyckelord

graphene oxide tablets

LC–MS/MS

plasma

ritonavir

saliva

amine

graphene oxide

macrogol derivative

nanocomposite

poly(ethylene glycol)bis (3 aminopropyl)

polyethylene

unclassified drug

graphite

Human immunodeficiency virus proteinase inhibitor

nanomaterial

blood sampling

Conference Paper

drug determination

drug synthesis

human

hydrogen bond

limit of detection

limit of quantitation

liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

positive ion electrospray

saliva analysis

tablet

chemistry

liquid chromatography

procedures

reproducibility

statistical model

tablet manufacture

tandem mass spectrometry

Chromatography

Liquid

HIV Protease Inhibitors

Humans

Linear Models

Nanostructures

Reproducibility of Results

Tablets

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