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Snow measurement te...
Snow measurement techniques for land-surface-atmosphere exchange studies in boreal landscapes
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- Lundberg, Angela (författare)
- Luleå tekniska universitet,Geovetenskap och miljöteknik
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- Halldin, Sven (författare)
- Uppsala universitet,Institutionen för geovetenskaper,AIR AND WATER SCIENCE,Institute of Earth Sciences/Hydrology, Uppsala University
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(creator_code:org_t)
- Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2001
- 2001
- Engelska.
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Ingår i: Journal of Theoretical and Applied Climatology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0177-798X .- 1434-4483. ; 70:1-4, s. 215-230
- Relaterad länk:
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https://urn.kb.se/re...
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https://doi.org/10.1...
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Abstract
Ämnesord
Stäng
- Snow has been studied widely in hydrology for many decades whereas recent meteorological interest in snow is caused by increased emphasis on high latitudes and wintertime in climate-change research as well as by the need to improve weather-forecast models during these conditions. Ground-based measurements of snow properties are needed both to improve understanding of surface-atmosphere exchange processes and to provide ground truth to new remote-sensing algorithms. This justifies a review of techniques to measure snow in combination with establishment of criteria for the suitability of the methods for process studies. This review assesses the state-of-art in ground-based snow-measurement techniques in the end of the 1990s in view of their accuracy, time resolution, possibility to automate, practicality and suitability in different terrain. Methods for snow-pack water equivalent, depth, density, growth, quality, liquid-water content and water leaving the snow pack are reviewed. Synoptic snow measurements in Fennoscandian countries are widely varying and there is no single standard on which process-related studies can build. A long-term, continuous monitoring of mass and energy properties of a snow cover requires a combination of point-measurement techniques. Areally representative values of snow properties can be achieved through a combination of automatically collected point data with repeated manual, areally covering measurements, remote-sensing data and digital elevation models, preferably in a GIS framework.
Ämnesord
- NATURVETENSKAP -- Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap -- Geokemi (hsv//swe)
- NATURAL SCIENCES -- Earth and Related Environmental Sciences -- Geochemistry (hsv//eng)
- NATURVETENSKAP -- Geovetenskap och miljövetenskap -- Oceanografi, hydrologi och vattenresurser (hsv//swe)
- NATURAL SCIENCES -- Earth and Related Environmental Sciences -- Oceanography, Hydrology and Water Resources (hsv//eng)
Nyckelord
- Applied Geology
- Tillämpad geologi
- Hydrology
Publikations- och innehållstyp
- ref (ämneskategori)
- art (ämneskategori)
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