Skin stimulation and recording: Moving towards metal-free electrodes

• When one thinks about electrodes, especially ones meant for humans, one typically thinks of some kind of metal. Whether on the skin or in the brain, metal electrodes are characteristically expensive, stiff, non-efficient in electron-ion transduction, and prone to toxic metal ion by-products during stimulation. In order to circumvent these disadvantages, electrically-conductive laser-induced graphene (LIG) and mixed electron-ion conducting polymer (poly(3, 4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate – PEDOT:PSS) was leveraged to create a metal-free electrode combination that allows for an economical, soft, and organic electrode for applications on human skin. Compared to clinical-standard silver – silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) skin electrodes, the metal-free hydrogel electrodes show notable improvement in electrochemical stability and prolonged stable potentials during long-term DC stimulation (0.5–24 h). Recording and stimulation performance on human participants rivals that of Ag/AgCl, thus fortifying the notion that they are an appropriate progression to their noble metal counterparts.

Ämnesord

NATURVETENSKAP  -- Kemi -- Materialkemi (hsv//swe)

NATURAL SCIENCES  -- Chemical Sciences -- Materials Chemistry (hsv//eng)

TEKNIK OCH TEKNOLOGIER  -- Elektroteknik och elektronik -- Annan elektroteknik och elektronik (hsv//swe)

ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY  -- Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering -- Other Electrical Engineering, Electronic Engineering, Information Engineering (hsv//eng)

NATURVETENSKAP  -- Kemi -- Oorganisk kemi (hsv//swe)

NATURAL SCIENCES  -- Chemical Sciences -- Inorganic Chemistry (hsv//eng)

NATURVETENSKAP  -- Kemi -- Analytisk kemi (hsv//swe)

NATURAL SCIENCES  -- Chemical Sciences -- Analytical Chemistry (hsv//eng)

Nyckelord

Bioelectronics

Conducting hydrogels

Direct current stimulation

Skin electrodes

Medical Engineering

Medicinsk teknik

Bioelectronics; Conducting hydrogels; Direct current stimulation; Skin electrodes

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