Challenges in the modelling of scale formation and decarburisation of high carbon, special and general steels

• The oxygen bearing gases of the atmosphere in a reheating furnace oxidise the feedstock producing scale on the surface of the metal and, for high carbon steels, cause decarburisation of the surface layers. Modelling of these effects has to take into account the competitive nature of the two processes, scale formation and decarburisation, and complications that arise from changes in the controlling mechanism. Initially, the rate of scale formation may be controlled by effects in the gas phase, or nucleation of scale on the metal surface. Subsequently, scale growth is influenced by the gas composition and may be disturbed by the accumulation of oxidation products at the scale-metal interface. Voids and cracks within the scale may either inhibit solid state diffusion within the scale or provide channels for oxidising gas to access the scale-metal interface, For decarburisation, complications arise if a ferrite rim creates a step in the carbon profile or if retention of carbon monoxide within the scale provides a thermodynamic barrier to the reaction. This paper considers these complications and how they may be handled in mathematical models.

Ämnesord

TEKNIK OCH TEKNOLOGIER  -- Maskinteknik (hsv//swe)

ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY  -- Mechanical Engineering (hsv//eng)

TEKNIK OCH TEKNOLOGIER  -- Materialteknik (hsv//swe)

ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY  -- Materials Engineering (hsv//eng)

Nyckelord

Decarburization

Carbon

Nucleation

Oxidation

Rate constants

Chemical reactions

Crack initiation

Atmospheric humidity

Diffusion

Linear equations

Mathematical models

Mechanical engineering

Maskinteknik

Mechanical Engineering

Maskinteknik

Publikations- och innehållstyp

ref (ämneskategori)

art (ämneskategori)