Homocysteine Status Modifies the Treatment Effect of Omega-3 Fatty Acids on Cognition in a Randomized Clinical Trial in Mild to Moderate Alzheimer's Disease : The OmegAD Study

• Background: Trials of supplementation with omega-3 fatty acids (omega 3-FAs) in patients with mild cognitive impairment or Alzheimer's disease (AD) have produced inconsistent effects on cognitive decline. There is evidence of an interaction between B vitamin status and omega 3-FAs in relation to brain atrophy and cognitive decline.Objective: We investigated whether baseline levels of plasma total homocysteine (tHcy), a marker of B vitamin status, modify the effects of omega 3-FAs supplementation on cognitive performance in moderate AD.Methods: This post hoc analysis of the OmegAD trial included 171 community-based patients with AD (MMSE >= 15): 88 patients received daily doses of 1.7 g docosahexaenoic acid and 0.6 g eicosapentaenoic acid for 6 months. Treatment outcome on cognition was analyzed according to baseline levels of tHcy using a general linear model and ANCOVA.Results: We found significant interactions between omega 3-FA supplementation and tHcy on cognition and clinical stage assessed by MMSE (p = 0.040), global CDR (p = 0.059), and CDRsob (p = 0.023), but not on ADAS-cog (p = 0.649). In patients with tHcy levels <11.7 mu mol/L, omega 3-FA supplementation improved cognitive performance as measured by MMSE (+7.1%, 95% CI: 0.59 to 13.7%, p = 0.033) and clinical status as measured by CDRsob (-22.3%, 95% CI: -5.8 to -38.7%, p = 0.009) compared with placebo.Conclusion: The effect of omega 3-FA supplementation on MMSE and CDR appears to be influenced by baseline tHcy, suggesting that adequate B vitamin status is required to obtain beneficial effects of omega 3-FA on cognition.

Ämnesord

MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP  -- Klinisk medicin -- Neurologi (hsv//swe)

MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES  -- Clinical Medicine -- Neurology (hsv//eng)

Nyckelord

Alzheimer's disease

B vitamins

cognition

dementia

homocysteine

omega-3 fatty acids

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