Occupational Exposure to Trichloramine and Endotoxins : Adverse Health Effects Among Personnel in Adventure and Rehabilitation Swimming Pool Facilities

• OBJECTIVE: To study occupational exposure to trichloramine and endotoxins in air at adventure and rehabilitation swimming pool facilities from an adverse health effects perspective.METHODS: Air concentrations of trichloramine and endotoxins were measured in five adventure and 10 rehabilitation facilities. Respiratory and ocular symptoms were self-reported, and spirometry and fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) were measured.RESULTS: Compared to rehabilitation facilities, the mean trichloramine concentrations in the adventure facilities were higher, both personal (80 μg/m3 (n = 41) vs 19 μg/m3 (n = 21)) and stationary (183 μg/m3 (n = 51) vs 23 μg/m3 (n = 32)), with higher frequency of ocular and respiratory symptoms. Low stationary endotoxin levels (<0.64 to 25 EU/m3) were found, compared to the reference value (90 EU/m3).CONCLUSIONS: Higher trichloramine concentrations in air and more ocular and respiratory symptoms in adventure facilities call for adequate occupational exposure limits.

Subject headings

MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP  -- Hälsovetenskap -- Arbetsmedicin och miljömedicin (hsv//swe)

MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES  -- Health Sciences -- Occupational Health and Environmental Health (hsv//eng)

Keyword

adventure swimming pool

endotoxins

occupational exposure

ocular symptoms

rehabilitation swimming pool

respiratory symptoms

trichloramine

Publication and Content Type

ref (subject category)

art (subject category)