Comparison of techniques for estimating PAH bioavailability : uptake in Eisenia fetida, passive samplers and leaching using various solvents and additives.

• The aim of this study was to evaluate different techniques for assessing the availability of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil. This was done by comparing the amounts (total and relative) taken up by the earthworm Eisenia fetida with the amounts extracted by solid-phase microextraction (SPME), semi-permeable membrane devices (SPMDs), leaching with various solvent mixtures, leaching using additives, and sequential leaching. Bioconcentration factors of PAHs in the earthworms based on equilibrium partitioning theory resulted in poor correlations to observed values. This was most notable for PAHs with high concentrations in the studied soil. Evaluation by principal component analysis (PCA) showed distinct differences between the evaluated techniques and, generally, there were larger proportions of carcinogenic PAHs (4–6 fused rings) in the earthworms. These results suggest that it may be difficult to develop a chemical method that is capable of mimicking biological uptake, and thus estimating the bioavailability of PAHs. The total and relative amounts of PAHs extracted by abiotic techniques for assessing the bioavailability of PAHs was found to differ from the amounts taken up by Eisenia fetida. Keywords: Bioavailability; Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; Earthworms; Leaching; Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin; Solid-phase microextraction; Semi-permeable membrane device

Nyckelord

1-Butanol/chemistry

Animals

Biological Availability

Chemistry; Physical

Excipients/chemistry

Membranes

Methanol/chemistry

Oligochaeta/*metabolism

Permeability

Polycyclic Hydrocarbons; Aromatic/analysis/*pharmacokinetics

Polysorbates/chemistry

Principal Component Analysis/methods

Soil Pollutants/analysis/*pharmacokinetics

Solid Phase Microextraction/methods

Solvents/chemistry

beta-Cyclodextrins/chemistry

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