Impaired cAMP generation contributes to defective glucose-stimulated insulin secretion after long-term exposure to palmitate

• Chronic palmitate exposure impairs glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and other aspects of β-cell function but the underlying mechanisms are not known. Using various live-cell fluorescence imaging approaches we show here that long-term palmitate treatment influences cAMP signaling in pancreatic β-cells. Glucose stimulation of mouse and human β-cells induced oscillations of the sub-plasma-membrane cAMP concentration but after 48 h exposure to palmitate, most β-cells failed to increase cAMP in response to glucose. In contrast, GLP-1-triggered cAMP formation and glucose- and depolarization-induced increases in cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration were unaffected by the fatty acid treatment. Insulin secretion from control β-cells was pulsatile but the response deteriorated after long-term palmitate exposure. Palmitate-treated mouse islets showed reduced expression of adenylyl cyclase 9 and knockdown of this protein in insulinoma cells reduced the glucose-stimulated cAMP response and insulin secretion. We conclude that impaired glucose-induced generation of cAMP is an important determinant of defective insulin secretion after chronic palmitate exposure.

Ämnesord

MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP  -- Medicinska och farmaceutiska grundvetenskaper -- Cell- och molekylärbiologi (hsv//swe)

MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES  -- Basic Medicine -- Cell and Molecular Biology (hsv//eng)

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