A Clinical Challenge : Endocrine and Imaging Investigations of Adrenal Masses

• Incidentalomas are reported in 3%-4% of patients who undergo abdominal anatomic imaging, making adrenal mass evaluation a common occurrence. An adrenal mass can be caused by a variety of pathologies, such as benign cortical and medullary tumors, malignant tumors (primary or secondary), cysts, hyperplasia, hemorrhage, or more rarely infection/inflammation processes. Functioning tumors usually have increased hormonal production but they are less common. Regardless of their functional status, some tumors have the potential to behave aggressively. Anatomic and functional imaging together with biologic evaluation dplay a vital role in adrenal pathology subtyping. Most patients are initially evaluated by CT or MRI, which allows for tumor characterization (to a certain extent) and can rule out malignant behavior based on the absence of tumor growth during longitudinal follow-up. In the remaining patients for whom CT or MRI fail to characterize the pathogenesis of adrenal tumors, the use of specialized molecular imaging techniques should be performed after hormonal screening. This review emphasizes well-established and emerging nuclear medicine imaging modalities and describes their use across various clinical scenarios.

Ämnesord

MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP  -- Klinisk medicin -- Radiologi och bildbehandling (hsv//swe)

MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES  -- Clinical Medicine -- Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Medical Imaging (hsv//eng)

Nyckelord

adrenal

F-18-FDG

PET/CT

CT

incidentaloma

adrenocortical carcinoma

Publikations- och innehållstyp

ref (ämneskategori)

art (ämneskategori)