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Acylcarnitines :
Acylcarnitines : Nomenclature, Biomarkers, Therapeutic Potential, Drug Targets, and Clinical Trials
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- Dambrova, Maija (author)
- Latvian Inst Organ Synth, Lab Pharmaceut Pharmacol, Aizkraukles Str 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia.
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- Makrecka-Kuka, Marina (author)
- Latvian Inst Organ Synth, Lab Pharmaceut Pharmacol, Aizkraukles Str 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia.
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- Kuka, Janis (author)
- Latvian Inst Organ Synth, Lab Pharmaceut Pharmacol, Aizkraukles Str 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia.
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- Vilskersts, Reinis (author)
- Latvian Inst Organ Synth, Lab Pharmaceut Pharmacol, Aizkraukles Str 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia.
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- Nordberg, Didi (author)
- Uppsala universitet,Institutionen för neurovetenskap
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- Attwood, Misty M. (author)
- Uppsala universitet,Institutionen för neurovetenskap
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- Smesny, Stefan (author)
- Jena Univ Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Jena, Germany.
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- Sen, Zumrut Duygu (author)
- Jena Univ Hosp, Dept Psychiat, Jena, Germany.
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- Guo, An Chi (author)
- Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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- Oler, Eponine (author)
- Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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- Tian, Siyang (author)
- Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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- Zheng, Jiamin (author)
- Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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- Wishart, David S. (author)
- Univ Alberta, Dept Biol Sci, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
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- Liepinsh, Edgars (author)
- Latvian Inst Organ Synth, Lab Pharmaceut Pharmacol, Aizkraukles Str 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia.
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- Schiöth, Helgi B. (author)
- Uppsala universitet,Funktionell farmakologi och neurovetenskap
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Latvian Inst Organ Synth, Lab Pharmaceut Pharmacol, Aizkraukles Str 21, LV-1006 Riga, Latvia Institutionen för neurovetenskap (creator_code:org_t)
- 2022-06-16
- 2022
- English.
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In: Pharmacological Reviews. - : AMER SOC PHARMACOLOGY EXPERIMENTAL THERAPEUTICS. - 0031-6997 .- 1521-0081. ; 74:3, s. 506-551
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Abstract
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- Acylcarnitines are fatty acid metabolites that play important roles in many cellular energy metabolism pathways. They have historically been used as important diagnostic markers for inborn errors of fatty acid oxidation and are being intensively studied as markers of energy metabolism, deficits in mitochondrial and peroxisomal b-oxidation activity, insulin resistance, and physical activity. Acylcarnitines are increasingly being identified as important indicators in metabolic studies of many diseases, including metabolic disorders, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, depression, neurologic disorders, and certain cancers. The US Food and Drug Administration-approved drug L-carnitine, along with short-chain acylcarnitines (acetylcarnitine and propionylcarnitine), is now widely used as a dietary supplement. In light of their growing importance, we have undertaken an extensive review of acylcarnitines and provided a detailed description of their identity, nomenclature, classification, biochemistry, pathophysiology, supplementary use, potential drug targets, and clinical trials. We also summarize these updates in the Human Metabo lome Database, which now includes information on the structures, chemical formulae, chemical/spectral properties, descriptions, and pathways for 1240 acylcarnitines. This work lays a solid foundation for identifying, characterizing, and understanding acylcarnitines in human biosamples. We also discuss the emerging opportunities for using acylcarnitines as biomarkers and as dietary interventions or supplements for many wide-ranging indications. The opportunity to identify new drug targets involved in controlling acylcarnitine levels is also discussed. Significance Statement--This review provides a comprehensive overview of acylcarnitines, including their nomenclature, structure and biochemistry, and use as disease biomarkers and pharmaceutical agents. We present updated information contained in the Human Metabolome Database website as well as substantial mapping of the known biochemical pathways associated with acylcarnitines, thereby providing a strong foundation for further clarification of their physiological roles.
Subject headings
- MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP -- Medicinska och farmaceutiska grundvetenskaper -- Farmakologi och toxikologi (hsv//swe)
- MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES -- Basic Medicine -- Pharmacology and Toxicology (hsv//eng)
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- By the author/editor
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Dambrova, Maija
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Makrecka-Kuka, M ...
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Kuka, Janis
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Vilskersts, Rein ...
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Nordberg, Didi
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Attwood, Misty M ...
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show more...
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Smesny, Stefan
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Sen, Zumrut Duyg ...
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Guo, An Chi
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Oler, Eponine
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Tian, Siyang
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Zheng, Jiamin
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Wishart, David S ...
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Liepinsh, Edgars
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Schiöth, Helgi B ...
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- MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES
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MEDICAL AND HEAL ...
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and Basic Medicine
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and Pharmacology and ...
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Pharmacological ...
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Uppsala University