CpG oligonucleotide therapy cures subcutaneous and orthotopic tumors and evokes protective immunity in murine bladder cancer

• Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) instillation is standard immunotherapy for superficial bladder carcinoma. However, many patients become refractory to BCG, giving impetus to the development of alternative therapies. CpG oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) therapy has been shown to promote T(H)1-oriented antitumor responses in various tumor models. To investigate its therapeutic effect in bladder cancer, we used different CpG ODNs to treat C57BL/6 mice bearing the subcutaneous murine bladder tumor MB49. CpG type B ODN 1668 was superior at inhibiting tumor growth, leading to complete regression of large tumors. More importantly, CpG ODN 1668 also regressed orthotopically growing MB49 tumors for the first time. Rechallenge of CpG ODN-cured mice with MB49 showed that a majority of the mice were protected long term, demonstrating that CpG ODN therapy evokes a memory response. Adenoviral vectors (Ad) encoding CD40L, tumor necrosis factor-related activation-induced cytokine, lymphotactin, interleukin (IL) 2, and IL-15 were also investigated. AdCD40L and AdIL-15 transduction could abolish MB49 tumorigenicity, and these vectors were combined with CpG ODN 1668 to investigate any enhanced effects. No such effects were seen. All groups of mice treated with CpG ODNs, alone or in combination with adenoviral vector, exhibited increased serum concentrations of IL-12, indicative of a T(H)1 response. Our results show that CpG ODN therapy cures established subcutaneous and orthotopic bladder cancer via a T(H)1-mediated response and provides long-lasting protective immunity.

Nyckelord

Adenoviridae/genetics

Adjuvants; Immunologic/therapeutic use

Administration; Intravesical

Animals

CD40 Ligand/genetics/immunology

Carcinoma; Transitional Cell/immunology/pathology/*therapy

Cell Line

Cell Line; Tumor

Chemokines; C/genetics/immunology

DNA/therapeutic use

Dose-Response Relationship; Immunologic

Female

Gene Therapy

Genetic Vectors/genetics

Humans

Immunotherapy/*methods

Interleukin-12/blood

Interleukin-15/genetics/immunology

Mice

Mice; Inbred C57BL

Neoplasm Transplantation

Oligodeoxyribonucleotides/administration & dosage/*therapeutic use

Survival Rate

Transfection

Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/immunology/*prevention & control/therapy

MEDICINE

MEDICIN

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