Bedtime uncooked cornstarch supplement prevents nocturnal hypoglycaemia in intensively treated type 1 diabetes subjects.

• OBJECTIVES: The present study tests two interrelated hypotheses: (1) that bedtime ingestion of uncooked cornstarch exerts a lower and delayed nocturnal blood glucose peak compared with a conventional snack; (2) that bedtime carbohydrate supplement, administered as uncooked cornstarch, prevents nocturnal hypoglycaemia without altering metabolic control in intensively treated type 1 diabetes (IDDM) patients. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: The above hypotheses were tested separately (1) by pooling and analysing data from two overnight studies of comparable groups of patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) (14 and 10 patients, respectively), and (2) by a double-blind, randomized 4-week cross-over study in 12 intensively treated IDDM patients. SETTING: Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg. Sweden. INTERVENTIONS: (1) Ingestion of uncooked cornstarch and wholemeal bread (0.6 g of carbohydrates kg-1 body weight) and carbohydrate-free placebo at 22.00 h. (2) Intake of uncooked cornstarch (0.3 g kg-1 body weight) and carbohydrate-free placebo at 23.00 h. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: (1) Nocturnal glucose and insulin levels; (2) frequency of self-estimated hypoglycaemia (blood glucose [BG] levels < 3.0 mmol L-1) at 03.00 h, HbA1c and fasting lipids. RESULTS: Bedtime uncooked cornstarch ingestion led to a lower (2.9 +/- 0.5 vs. 5.2 +/- 0.6 mM, P = 0.01) and delayed (4.3 +/- 0.6 vs. 2.0 +/- 0.0 h, P < 0.01) BG peak, compared with a conventional snack, in NIDDM patients. Four weeks of bedtime uncooked cornstarch supplement, as compared with placebo, led to a 70% reduction in the frequency of self-estimated hypoglycaemia at 03.00 h (P < 0.05), without affecting HbA1c or fasting lipids in IDDM patients. CONCLUSIONS: Uncooked cornstarch, ingested at bedtime, mimicked the nocturnal glucose utilization profile following insulin replacement, with a peak in blood glucose after 4 h. In IDDM patients, bedtime uncooked cornstarch supplement diminished the number of self-estimated hypoglycaemic episodes, without adversely affecting HbA1c and lipid levels. Hence, bedtime uncooked cornstarch ingestion may be feasible to prevent a mid-nocturnal glycaemic decline following insulin replacement in IDDM and, based on the nocturnal blood glucose profile, may also be preferable compared with conventional snacks.

Ämnesord

MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP  -- Hälsovetenskap -- Näringslära (hsv//swe)

MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES  -- Health Sciences -- Nutrition and Dietetics (hsv//eng)

MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP  -- Klinisk medicin -- Endokrinologi och diabetes (hsv//swe)

MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES  -- Clinical Medicine -- Endocrinology and Diabetes (hsv//eng)

Nyckelord

Adult

Blood Glucose

metabolism

Cookery

Cross-Over Studies

Diabetes Mellitus

Type 1

blood

drug therapy

Double-Blind Method

Female

Hospitals

University

Humans

Hypoglycemia

blood

chemically induced

prevention & control

Hypoglycemic Agents

adverse effects

blood

Insulin

Long-Acting

adverse effects

blood

Male

Middle Aged

Starch

administration & dosage

Sweden

Time Factors

Treatment Outcome

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