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Smoking is associat...
Smoking is associated with lower bone mineral density and reduced cortical thickness in young men.
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- Lorentzon, Mattias, 1970 (author)
- Gothenburg University,Göteborgs universitet,Institutionen för medicin, avdelningen för invärtesmedicin,Institute of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine
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- Mellström, Dan, 1945 (author)
- Gothenburg University,Göteborgs universitet,Institutionen för medicin, avdelningen för samhällsmedicin och folkhälsa,Institute of Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine
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Haug, Egil (author)
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- Ohlsson, Claes, 1965 (author)
- Gothenburg University,Göteborgs universitet,Institutionen för medicin, avdelningen för invärtesmedicin,Institute of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine
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(creator_code:org_t)
- 2006-10-31
- 2007
- English.
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In: The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism. - : The Endocrine Society. - 0021-972X .- 1945-7197. ; 92:2, s. 497-503
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Abstract
Subject headings
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- CONTEXT: Smoking has previously been associated with reduced areal bone mineral density (aBMD) in elderly subjects, but the association remains controversial in adolescents. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether smoking was associated with aBMD or volumetric BMD (vBMD) and bone size in young men. DESIGN AND SETTING: aBMD was measured using dual x-ray absorptiometry. vBMD and bone size were measured using peripheral quantitative computerized tomography (pQCT). Smoking habits were assessed using questionnaires. Levels of sex steroids, PTH, and 25-OH-vitamin D were measured in serum. PARTICIPANTS: The population-based Gothenburg Osteoporosis and Obesity Determinants (GOOD) study includes 1068 young men, age 18.9 +/- 0.6 yr (mean +/- SD). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The main outcome measure was smoking as predictor of bone parameters and serum sex hormone levels. RESULTS: Of the study subjects, 8.7% smoked daily. Bone parameters were compared between smokers and nonsmokers. Smokers had significantly lower aBMD (dual x-ray absorptiometry) of the total body (crude: -2.1%; adjusted for age, height, weight, calcium intake, and physical activity: -1.8%), lumbar spine (crude: -4.3%; adjusted: -3.3%), and trochanter (crude: -6.6%; adjusted: -5.0%) than nonsmokers. Using peripheral quantitative computerized tomography, we found that smokers had lower cortical thickness of both the radius (crude: -2.8%; adjusted: -2.9%) and tibia (crude: -4.5%; adjusted: -4.0%) than the nonsmokers, whereas no difference was seen for cortical vBMD. Smokers had higher serum levels of total and free testosterone and lower 25-OH-vitamin D than nonsmokers. Adjustment for testosterone and/or 25-OH-vitamin D levels did not alter the associations between smoking and bone parameters. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrate that smoking was associated with lower aBMD and reduced cortical thickness in young men.
Keyword
- Absorptiometry
- Photon
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Anthropometry
- Bone Density
- Calcium
- pharmacokinetics
- Gonadal Steroid Hormones
- blood
- Humans
- Male
- Motor Activity
- Osteoporosis
- epidemiology
- pathology
- radiography
- Parathyroid Hormone
- blood
- Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin
- metabolism
- Smoking
- epidemiology
- Tomography
- X-Ray Computed
- Vitamin D
- analogs & derivatives
- blood
Publication and Content Type
- ref (subject category)
- art (subject category)
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