Non-stoichiometry defects and radiation hardness of lead tungstate crystals PbWO4

• It has been stated many times that the formation of radiation infringements in PbWO4 is to a big extent stipulated by the non-stoichiometry defects of the crystals, arising in the process of their growth and annealing. To refine the idea of characteristics of the non-stoichiometry defects and their effect on the radiation hardness of PbWO4, the current study is aimed at the melt composition infringements during its evaporation and at optical transmission of crystals obtained in these conditions after their irradiation ((CS)-C-137 source). In the optical transmission measurements along with traditional techniques a method "in situ" was used, which provided the measurements in fixed points of the spectrum (380, 470 and 535nm) directly in the process of the irradiation. X-ray phase and fluorescence analysis of condensation products of vapours over PbWO4 melt has found PbWO4 phase in their content as well as compounds rich in lead PbO, Pb2WO5 with overall ratio Pb/W (3.2). Correspondingly, the lack of lead and variations in the content of oxygen are pointed out as the major growth defects of nonstoichiometry of PbWO4 crystals. The oxygen variations are determined by the partial oxygen pressure in the atmosphere of growth or annealing of the crystals. The obtained results were compared with known conceptions of PbWO4 crystal colour centres. The possibilities of the formation of these centres accounting for the discovered loss of lead and oxygen exchange between the external medium and the crystal were considered. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

Ämnesord

NATURVETENSKAP  -- Fysik -- Acceleratorfysik och instrumentering (hsv//swe)

NATURAL SCIENCES  -- Physical Sciences -- Accelerator Physics and Instrumentation (hsv//eng)

Nyckelord

electromagnetic calorimeter

radiation hardness

crystals

lead

tungstate

PWO

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