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Evaluating the Theo...
Evaluating the Theoretical Background of STOFFENMANAGER®and the Advanced REACH Tool
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- Koivisto, Antti Joonas (författare)
- University of Helsinki,ARCHE Consulting
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- Jayjock, Michael (författare)
- Jayjock Associates, LLC
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- Hämeri, Kaarle J. (författare)
- University of Helsinki
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- Kulmala, Markku (författare)
- University of Helsinki
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- Van Sprang, Patrick (författare)
- ARCHE Consulting
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- Yu, Mingzhou (författare)
- China Jiliang University
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- Boor, Brandon E. (författare)
- Purdue University
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- Hussein, Tareq (författare)
- University of Jordan,University of Helsinki
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- Koponen, Ismo K. (författare)
- FORCE Technology
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- Löndahl, Jakob (författare)
- Lund University,Lunds universitet,Metalund,Annan verksamhet, LTH,Lunds Tekniska Högskola,NanoLund: Centre for Nanoscience,Annan verksamhet, LTH,Ergonomi och aerosolteknologi,Institutionen för designvetenskaper,Institutioner vid LTH,LTH profilområde: Aerosoler,LTH profilområden,LTH profilområde: Teknik för hälsa,Other operations, LTH,Faculty of Engineering, LTH,Other operations, LTH,Faculty of Engineering, LTH,Ergonomics and Aerosol Technology,Department of Design Sciences,Departments at LTH,Faculty of Engineering, LTH,LTH Profile Area: Aerosols,LTH Profile areas,Faculty of Engineering, LTH,LTH Profile Area: Engineering Health,Faculty of Engineering, LTH
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- Morawska, Lidia (författare)
- University of Surrey,Queensland University of Technology
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- Little, John C. (författare)
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
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- Arnold, Susan (författare)
- University of Minnesota
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(creator_code:org_t)
- 2021-08-08
- 2022
- Engelska 17 s.
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Ingår i: Annals of Work Exposures and Health. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 2398-7308 .- 2398-7316. ; 66:4, s. 520-536
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http://dx.doi.org/10... (free)
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https://academic.oup...
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https://lup.lub.lu.s...
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https://doi.org/10.1...
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Abstract
Ämnesord
Stäng
- STOFFENMANAGER® and the Advanced REACH Tool (ART) are recommended tools by the European Chemical Agency for regulatory chemical safety assessment. The models are widely used and accepted within the scientific community. STOFFENMANAGER® alone has more than 37 000 users globally and more than 310 000 risk assessment have been carried out by 2020. Regardless of their widespread use, this is the first study evaluating the theoretical backgrounds of each model. STOFFENMANAGER® and ART are based on a modified multiplicative model where an exposure base level (mg m-3) is replaced with a dimensionless intrinsic emission score and the exposure modifying factors are replaced with multipliers that are mainly based on subjective categories that are selected by using exposure taxonomy. The intrinsic emission is a unit of concentration to the substance emission potential that represents the concentration generated in a standardized task without local ventilation. Further information or scientific justification for this selection is not provided. The multipliers have mainly discrete values given in natural logarithm steps (⋯, 0.3, 1, 3, ⋯) that are allocated by expert judgements. The multipliers scientific reasoning or link to physical quantities is not reported. The models calculate a subjective exposure score, which is then translated to an exposure level (mg m-3) by using a calibration factor. The calibration factor is assigned by comparing the measured personal exposure levels with the exposure score that is calculated for the respective exposure scenarios. A mixed effect regression model was used to calculate correlation factors for four exposure group [e.g. dusts, vapors, mists (low-volatiles), and solid object/abrasion] by using ∼1000 measurements for STOFFENMANAGER® and 3000 measurements for ART. The measurement data for calibration are collected from different exposure groups. For example, for dusts the calibration data were pooled from exposure measurements sampled from pharmacies, bakeries, construction industry, and so on, which violates the empirical model basic principles. The calibration databases are not publicly available and thus their quality or subjective selections cannot be evaluated. STOFFENMANAGER® and ART can be classified as subjective categorization tools providing qualitative values as their outputs. By definition, STOFFENMANAGER® and ART cannot be classified as mechanistic models or empirical models. This modeling algorithm does not reflect the physical concept originally presented for the STOFFENMANAGER® and ART. A literature review showed that the models have been validated only at the 'operational analysis' level that describes the model usability. This review revealed that the accuracy of STOFFENMANAGER® is in the range of 100 000 and for ART 100. Calibration and validation studies have shown that typical log-transformed predicted exposure concentration and measured exposure levels often exhibit weak Pearson's correlations (r is <0.6) for both STOFFENMANAGER® and ART. Based on these limitations and performance departure from regulatory criteria for risk assessment models, it is recommended that STOFFENMANAGER® and ART regulatory acceptance for chemical safety decision making should be explicitly qualified as to their current deficiencies.
Ämnesord
- MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP -- Hälsovetenskap -- Arbetsmedicin och miljömedicin (hsv//swe)
- MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES -- Health Sciences -- Occupational Health and Environmental Health (hsv//eng)
Nyckelord
- Advanced REACH Tool (ART)
- Model evaluation
- Occupational exposure models
- Performance
- REACH
- Regulatory acceptance
- STOFFENMANAGER
- Validation
Publikations- och innehållstyp
- art (ämneskategori)
- ref (ämneskategori)
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Till lärosätets databas
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Koivisto, Antti ...
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Jayjock, Michael
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Hämeri, Kaarle J ...
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Kulmala, Markku
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Van Sprang, Patr ...
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Yu, Mingzhou
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visa fler...
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Boor, Brandon E.
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Hussein, Tareq
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Koponen, Ismo K.
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Löndahl, Jakob
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Morawska, Lidia
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Little, John C.
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Arnold, Susan
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visa färre...
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