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The Role of Cow’s M...
The Role of Cow’s Milk Consumption in Breast Cancer Initiation and Progression
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- Melnik, Bodo C. (author)
- University of Osnabrück
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- John, Swen Malte (author)
- University of Osnabrück
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- Carrera-Bastos, Pedro (author)
- Lund University,Lunds universitet,Allmänmedicin och klinisk epidemiologi,Forskargrupper vid Lunds universitet,Family Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology,Lund University Research Groups,Skåne University Hospital,European University of Madrid
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- Cordain, Loren (author)
- Colorado State University
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- Leitzmann, Claus (author)
- Justus Liebig University Giessen
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- Weiskirchen, Ralf (author)
- Universitätsklinikum der RWTH Aachen
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- Schmitz, Gerd (author)
- University Hospital Regensburg
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(creator_code:org_t)
- 2023-02-02
- 2023
- English 19 s.
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In: Current Nutrition Reports. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2161-3311. ; 12:1, s. 122-140
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Abstract
Subject headings
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- Purpose of Review: This review evaluates cow milk’s impact on breast carcinogenesis by linking recent epidemiological evidence and new insights into the molecular signaling of milk and its constituents in breast cancer (BCa) pathogenesis. Recent Findings: Recent prospective cohort studies support the association between cow’s milk consumption and the risk of estrogen receptor-α-positive (ER+) BCa. Milk is a complex biological fluid that increases systemic insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), insulin and estrogen signaling, and interacting hormonal promoters of BCa. Further potential oncogenic components of commercial milk include exosomal microRNAs (miR-148a-3p, miR-21-5p), bovine meat and milk factors, aflatoxin M1, bisphenol A, pesticides, and micro- and nanoplastics. Individuals with BRCA1 loss-of-function mutations and FTO and IGF1 gain-of-function polymorphisms enhancing IGF-1/mTORC1 signaling may be at increased risk for milk-induced ER+ BCa. Summary: Recent prospective epidemiological and pathobiochemical studies identify commercial milk consumption as a critical risk factor of ER+ BCa. Large meta-analyses gathering individuals of different ethnic origins with milk derived from dairy cows of varying genetic backgrounds and diverse feeding procedures as well as missing data on thermal processing of milk (pasteurization versus ultra-heat treatment) make multi-national meta-analyses unsuitable for BCa risk estimations in susceptible populations. Future studies are required that consider all vulnerable periods of breast carcinogenesis to cow’s milk exposure, beginning during the perinatal period and puberty, since these are the most critical periods of mammary gland morphogenesis. Notwithstanding the need for better studies including detailed information on milk processing and vulnerable periods of human breast carcinogenesis, the available evidence suggests that dietary guidelines on milk consumption may have to be reconsidered.
Subject headings
- MEDICIN OCH HÄLSOVETENSKAP -- Klinisk medicin -- Cancer och onkologi (hsv//swe)
- MEDICAL AND HEALTH SCIENCES -- Clinical Medicine -- Cancer and Oncology (hsv//eng)
Keyword
- BRCA1
- Breast cancer
- Cow’s milk consumption
- Estrogens
- Exosomal microRNAs
- Fat mass and obesity-associated gene
- Insulin-like growth factor 1
Publication and Content Type
- for (subject category)
- ref (subject category)
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