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Mapping fullerene c...
Mapping fullerene crystallization in a photovoltaic blend: an electron tomography study
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- Bäcke, Olof, 1984 (author)
- Chalmers tekniska högskola,Chalmers University of Technology
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- Lindqvist, Camilla, 1985 (author)
- Chalmers tekniska högskola,Chalmers University of Technology
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- Diaz de Zerio Mendaza, Amaia, 1986 (author)
- Chalmers tekniska högskola,Chalmers University of Technology
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- Gustafsson, Stefan, 1976 (author)
- Chalmers tekniska högskola,Chalmers University of Technology
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- Wang, Ergang, 1981 (author)
- Chalmers tekniska högskola,Chalmers University of Technology
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- Andersson, Mats, 1966 (author)
- Chalmers tekniska högskola,Chalmers University of Technology
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- Müller, Christian, 1980 (author)
- Chalmers tekniska högskola,Chalmers University of Technology
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- Olsson, Eva, 1960 (author)
- Chalmers tekniska högskola,Chalmers University of Technology
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(creator_code:org_t)
- 2015
- 2015
- English.
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In: Nanoscale. - : Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC). - 2040-3372 .- 2040-3364. ; 7:18, s. 8451-8456
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http://dx.doi.org/10...
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https://doi.org/10.1...
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Abstract
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- The formation of fullerene crystals represents a major degradation pathway of polymer/fullerene bulk-heterojunction thin films that inexorably deteriorates their photovoltaic performance. Currently no tools exist that reveal the origin of fullerene crystal formation vertically through the film. Here, we show that electron tomography can be used to study nucleation and growth of fullerene crystals. A model bulk-heterojunction blend based on a thiophene-quinoxaline copolymer and a fullerene derivative is examined after controlled annealing above the glass transition temperature. We image a number of fullerene nanocrystals, ranging in size from 70 to 400 nanometers, and observe that their center is located close to the free-surface of spin-coated films. The results show that the nucleation of fullerene crystals predominately occurs in the upper part of the films. Moreover, electron tomography reveals that the nucleation is preceded by more pronounced phase separation of the blend components.
Subject headings
- NATURVETENSKAP -- Kemi -- Polymerkemi (hsv//swe)
- NATURAL SCIENCES -- Chemical Sciences -- Polymer Chemistry (hsv//eng)
Publication and Content Type
- art (subject category)
- ref (subject category)
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Nanoscale
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- By the author/editor
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Bäcke, Olof, 198 ...
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Lindqvist, Camil ...
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Diaz de Zerio Me ...
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Gustafsson, Stef ...
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Wang, Ergang, 19 ...
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Andersson, Mats, ...
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Müller, Christia ...
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Olsson, Eva, 196 ...
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- About the subject
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- NATURAL SCIENCES
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NATURAL SCIENCES
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and Chemical Science ...
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and Polymer Chemistr ...
- Articles in the publication
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Nanoscale
- By the university
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Chalmers University of Technology