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Larmar och gör sig till
- 2017
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Larmrapporterna duggar tätt inom flera delar av samhället idag och en turbulent omvärld gör sig ständigt påmind. I en tid där den som hörs och syns mest oftast är den som får fram sitt budskap syftar Larmar och gör sig till till att ge diverse effektfulla och känsloknutna utsagor om vår samtid lite empiriskt tuggmotstånd. Larmar och gör sig till är den sjuttionde forskarantologin från SOM-institutet. Boken innehåller 40 kapitel och baseras i huvudsak på 2016 års nationella SOM-undersökning, i kombination med SOM-institutets trettioåriga tidsserier.
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| 2. |
- Rostila, Mikael, et al.
(författare)
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Invandring och ojämlikhet i hälsa
- 2012
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Ingår i: Den orättvisa hälsan. - Stockholm : Liber. - 9789147099757
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 3. |
- Klinthäll, Martin, 1967-
(författare)
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Integration bidrar till hälsa
- 2007
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Ingår i: Tidskriften Välfärd. - Stockholm : Statistiska Centralbyrån. - 1651-6710. ; :4, s. 12-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- De flesta invandrargrupper i Sverige har en större sannolikhet än infödda svenskar att bli inskrivna för vård på sjukhus. En närmare analys visar att detta kan förklaras med skillnader i gruppernas socioekonomiska situation. En svag anknytning till den svenska arbetsmarknaden är förknippad med en högre risk för ohälsa som i sin tur leder till sjukhusvård.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Korsgren, Magnus
(författare)
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Immunoregulation in an experimental model of allergic asthma
- 2000
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In allergic asthma the immune response to antigen is inappropriate, leading to an inflammatory process in the respiratory mucosa. To further elucidate immunological mechanisms involved in the development of such inflammation, control mice and mice deficient in selected cell types or proteins, were used in experimental models of allergic asthma and anaphylaxis. The present study demonstrates that allergic airway inflammation, characterized by eosinophilia, CD4+ T cell infiltration, and increased numbers of mucus cells, develops in mice that lack all immunoglobulins and B lymphocytes. However, immediate hypersensitivity reactions, such as acute phase plasma extravasation in airways and systemic anaphylaxis, are completely blunted in these animals. These findings support the possibility that important aspects of allergic airway inflammation may develop independent of IgE and without the involvement of B lymphocytes as antigen presenting cells. These data also show that immediate hypersensitivity responses and allergic late phase inflammation may be two independent processes. In addition, the present study demonstrates that the immune response to antigen leading to allergic airway inflammation may be critically regulated by NK cells. Mice depleted of NK1.1+ cells (NK cells and NKT cells) prior to sensitization, but not mice lacking NKT cells (CD1d1 mutant mice), thus exhibit little pulmonary eosinophil and CD3+ T cell infiltration as well as low bronchoalveolar lavage fluid levels of IL-4, IL-5, and IL-12 at allergen aerosol exposure. Allergen-specific IgE and IgG2a levels and cytokine production in spleen are also diminished in these animals compared to control mice. Depletion of NK1.1+ cells during the allergen challenge period only does not influence eosinophilic inflammation. Mice deficient in gd T cells show relatively less attenuation of the lung tissue eosinophilia than mice depleted of NK1.1+ cells. A separate series of experiments show that macrophage migration inhibitory factor may not play a major role for the development of either allergic or endotoxin-induced airway inflammation in mice. In conclusion, the main findings of this thesis indicate a novel critical role of NK cells in sensitization and subsequent development of allergen-induced airway inflammation, and suggest that this inflammation in part develops independent of IgE.
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| 6. |
- Salameh, Eva-Kristina
(författare)
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Language impairment in Swedish bilingual children - epidemiological and linguistic studies
- 2003
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this thesis was to provide both epidemiological and linguistic data on bilingual children with language impairment (LI), since few data on this group exist. Data from 438 bilingual and monolingual children, referred over a period of 12 months, were compared in the first epidemiological study. The results showed that the bilingual children with suspected LI were referred significantly later than monolingual, and by more diverse referral sources. The risk of being discharged owing to non-attendance was significantly higher in the bilingual group, and the risk increased with increasing severity of LI. In the second epidemiological study, data from 698 assessed bilingual and monolingual children were compared. They were referred over a period of 24 months. Most risk factors for LI relative to degree of severity seemed to apply for both bilingual and monolingual children. Parental stress and short attention span were risk factors in both groups. Gender was a risk factor in the monolingual group, but did not appear as a risk factor in the bilingual group until triggered by environmental factors. Some risk factors were specific for the bilingual group, as maternal arrival within + 1 year in relation to child birth and parental need of interpreter after >5 years of residence in Sweden. In the linguistic studies, 10 Swedish-Arabic children with severe LI and 10 matched controls were tested in both languages with grammatical and phonological tests, designed to allow for comparisons between the languages. The results showed that all bilingual children followed the same developmental sequence on their way towards the target language, both cross-sectionally and longitudinally. The children with severe LI were able to develop both their languages, although at a much slower pace. They also seemed more vulnerable to a limited exposure of both Swedish and Arabic. The phonological study showed that the children with and without severe LI, tended to develop Swedish and Arabic phonology in the same way as monolingual children, with some exceptions. After approximately 1;6 years of exposure to Swedish in preschool (span 1;2-2;0), the children without LI scored at high grammatical levels in Swedish, and the number of phonological processes decreased substantially. This was not the case with most of the children with severe LI. This time limit has the potential of becoming clinically significant when assessing bilingual children with suspected LI.
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| 7. |
- Lundqvist, Katarina
(författare)
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Molecular and morphological studies on non-healing venous leg ulcers.
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Chronic skin ulcers are a major health problem and an increasing burden on health care providers. These ulcers have various underlying causes, such as venous or arterial insufficiency, diabetes, or vasculitis. Non-healing venous leg ulcers represent a condition characterized by excessive inflammation and presence of bacteria. The overall aim of this thesis has been to explore the pathogenesis of these ulcers, with particular focus on bacterial influence, capillary leakage, neutrophil efflux, and oxidative stress as well as cell growth. The results showed that cyclin A, a proliferation marker, was upregulated in the margins of chronic venous ulcers, at levels similar to those detected in acute wounds. Furthermore, several cell-associated proteoglycans were detected in the wound margins of venous ulcers, suggesting that epidermal cells in these ulcers are able to proliferate as well as express molecules important for cell homeostasis and growth. The venous ulcers contained significantly increased levels of chemotactic ?-defensins, as well as heparin binding protein (HBP), a factor known to induce capillary leakage. Secreted products of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a bacterium often present in chronic ulcers, were found to induce release of HBP from human neutrophils. Chronic venous leg ulcers contained high levels of heme and porphyrin. Furthermore, a novel heme-scavenger, ?1-microglobulin, was identified in these ulcers. Taken together, the data suggests a possible link between bacterial presence, neutrophil activation and HBP-release in venous ulcers, which will help to explain the clinical observation of classic inflammatory signs such as high exudation, swelling, and erythema often accompanied by P. aeruginosa infected wounds. Thus, high HBP and defensin levels, promoting capillary leakage and chemotaxis, respectively, in concert with heme-mediated oxidative stress, may constitute a "vicious loop", which underlies the high inflammation noted in non-healing venous ulcers. These findings provide novel diagnostic markers and reinforce the view that future therapeutic approaches directed at venous ulcers should target inflammatory mechanisms and excessive bacterial influence.
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| 8. |
- Honkaniemi, Helena, 1993-
(författare)
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Mental health after migration to Sweden : The role of the social determinants of health
- 2022
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Migrants often experience worse mental health after migration than natives in Sweden. Using survey, register and peer-reviewed published data, the five studies of this thesis explored the mental health variation of different migrant groups settled in Sweden, including by the timing of migration, level of integration and region of origin. In parallel, the studies considered the role of downstream (individual) and upstream (structural) social determinants of health as drivers of mental health inequalities.Study I assessed migrants’ risk of self-reported psychological distress by their age at migration and duration of residence in Sweden, relative to Swedish-born natives. Migrants generally had higher risks of psychological distress than natives, increasing with older age at migration and longer duration of residence, especially among migrants from regions not affiliated with the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Health differences were largely explained by inequalities in socioeconomic position, social connection and discrimination. Study II explored how prescription rates of psychotropic medications varied by native-migrant marital composition as a proxy for integration in Sweden. Intramarried migrants had the highest prescription hazards, whereas migrants intermarried with natives had lower hazards, albeit higher than for intramarried natives. Migrant women, but not men, had attenuated hazards after adjusting for socioeconomic and other marriage-related social factors.Study III reviewed the international literature for previous evidence of the effects of non-health-related policies for migrant health. Restrictive entry and integration policies, including social welfare policies, were found to be associated with poorer self-rated general and mental health. Studies examining generous integration-related policies revealed largely positive mental health effects for migrants.Study IV investigated the mental health effects of the 1995 Father’s quota, a Swedish parental leave reform that incentivized fathers’ leave use. Whereas both native and migrant fathers increased their parental leave use following the reform, only migrant fathers, especially those from non-OECD regions and with migrant partners, experienced concurrent decreases in psychiatric hospitalizations.Study V examined the mental health effects of another Swedish parental leave policy, the 2012 Double Days reform, which introduced a month of simultaneous parental leave for mothers and fathers. Although both native and migrant fathers had increased levels of parental leave use, only native fathers and their partners exhibited decreased psychotropic medication prescription rates and greater outpatient care uptake related to mental health. The findings of this thesis highlight the dynamic nature of mental health after migration, and the relevance of the social determinants of health within the receiving country context. The studies provide empirical support for how migrants’ mental health can vary by the timing of migration and level of integration, through downstream determinants, including socioeconomic position and social connection, and upstream determinants, such as welfare programs and migration policies. Taken together, the thesis emphasizes the need to consider migrant mental health inequalities as socially-patterned phenomena amenable to change after migration.
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| 9. |
- Hjelm, Katarina
(författare)
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Migration, health and diabetes mellitus - Studies comparing foreign-and Swedish-born diabetic subjects living in Sweden.
- 1998
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- To study the influence of migration on health in migrant diabetic subjects, foreign-and Swedish-born persons were compared as regards objective and subjectively perceived health in relation to social position, and beliefs about health and illness and their influence on self-care and care-seeking behaviour. Persons (foreign- and Swedish-born) with known diabetes mellitus (DM), aged 16-74 years, were chosen from two different counties in Southern Sweden (n=143/1384; 113/1564), and from a random sample of the Swedish population, the annual Swedish Survey of Living Conditions (n=31/446). They were studied by medical records, clinical examination, standardised and structured interviews. Health care staff in diabetes care (n=149)answered a questionnaire regarding their perceptions of beliefs about health and illness in migrants. Women born in Ex-Yugoslavia and Sweden (n=13/15, 33-73 yr)were interviewed in focus groups. Foreign-born, mainly respondents from European countries, stated poorer subjectively perceived health than Swedish-born subjects. This was more strongly related to socioeconomic factors than country of birth as an indicator of migration experiences. No major differences in objective health (prevalence of DM, glycaemic control and complications) were found. Glycaemic control was related to low social position irrespective of origin. Indicators of low social position were risk factors of self-reported DM. Migrants, especially Yugoslavians and non-Europeans, were perceived to differ from Swedes in being less knowledgeable about bodily function and diabetes. Yugoslavian females gave less concrete examples of beliefs about health and illness, focused on migratory experiences, enjoyed life by making deviations from dietary advice and retaining former traditions, were less inclined to self-monitoring and preventive foot care, expressed dependency on health care staff and discussed the influence of supernatural forces. Thus, beliefs about health and illness differ between migrant and Swedish-born diabetic subjects and are essential for self-care practice and care-seeking behaviour. Migrational background affects health, and socioeconomic circumstances and cultural beliefs are of crucial importance in the management of DM.
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