| 1. |
- Khadka, Jeevika, et al.
(författare)
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Using HEC-HMS and HEC-RAS Models for Rainfall-Runoff Simulation and Flood Inundation Mapping: Case Studies from Nepal and Sweden
- 2018
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding catchment behaviour through rainfall-runoff models allows decision makers for proper planning and operation in context of flood risk management. However accurate rainfall-runoff and flood modelling at high spatio-temporal resolutions still remains a significant challenge in any hydrologic and hydraulic studies. This study seeks to develop Hydrologic Engineering Centre’s Hydrologic Modelling System (HEC-HMS) and Hydrologic Engineering Centre’s River Analysis System (HEC-RAS) models to simulate the effects of rainfall on surface runoff and generate flood inundation maps for Kankai and Kävlinge river. The Kankai River is rainfed perennial river of eastern Nepal which recieves concentrated precipitation mostly during summer months. Whereas Kävlinge river is situated in the southern part of Sweden in Skåne county and has temperate climate with precipitation, mostly in the form of snow occurring throughout the year. Being in a complete different hydrological and geographical setting, model parameters of these catchment models have varied significance level to modelling methods, which have been critically analyzed here through sensitivity analysis. Using HEC-RAS 1D model, flood inundation maps for 100-year flood are also generated and their potential impacts across the adjoing area have been discussed with possible recommendation on flood management strategies for each region.
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| 2. |
- Luo, Ziteng, et al.
(författare)
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Quantifying Characteristics of Fine Roots Contributing to Water Flow Process in Rocky Mountainous Area Using Dye Tracer Experiment and Monolith Method
- 2017
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Root channel serve as one major type of pathway for water flow in forest soil. In this paper, we combined a dye tracer experiment and a monolith method to distinguish the fine roots (0 < d ≤ 5 mm) that served as preferential water flow pathways in rocky mountainous areas. The characteristics of these types of roots among different soil layer and different root diameter were discussed. In this modified method, two typical forest species in Mount JiuFeng were selected. One was broad-leaved forest (BF) with Quercus variabilis, and the other one was needle-leaved forest (NF) afforested with Platycladus orientalis (L.) Franco. Monoliths were taken from horizontal profiles along with the soil depth after the dye tracer experiment was conducted. Fine roots contributing to water flow processes were defined as being dyed by the colour of the tracer and selected from the soil. Our results showed that not all of the fine roots can contribute to water flow, even in the soil layer of 0 to 10 cm. In the soil layer of 0 to 30 cm, the proportion of fine roots with 0 < d ≤ 1 mm made more than approximately 50% contributions to water flow in every soil layer. Meanwhile, the share of stained fine roots with a diameter of 1 < d ≤ 5 mm had an increased trend along soil depth, which was more clear in NF than in BF.
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| 3. |
- Yang, Xiaoliu, et al.
(författare)
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Institutional Arrangement for Integrated River Basin Management
- 2016
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Bok (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study concerns the management functions, institutional and legal frameworks to foster IRBM in the Yangtze River Basin. It is implemented as part of the EU China River Basin Management Programme funded by the EU.The overall objective of the study is to contribute to an enabling framework of policies, legislation and institutions that will promote IRBM in China and assist the government to harmonise social and economic development and water and environmental protection within the Yangtze River Basin. Specifically, the study will provide the CWRC with a better basis for informed decisions on adjustment of its organization, responsibilities and management functions to be incorporated in the Yangtze River Master Plan. Based on stakeholder mapping an assessment has been made to characterise the present situation of water resources management in China and provide direction for future changes. The assessment found that 1) China has established a legal framework supporting water management in a river basin context, 2) plans embodying IRBM are drafted at national, river basin and provincial levels, and 3) the existing funding of water management is dominated by government investment. A diagnosis and evaluation of the management functions of the CWRC is presented with focus on gaps and overlaps providing recommendations for a more effective governance structure in accordance with internationally accepted principles that have emerged during the past 10 years. The diagnosis is based on key informant interviews and questionnaires and indicated that 1) Chinese legislation enables decentralized river basin management, 2) river basin, regional and provincial management functions are not clearly defined, 3) some management functions of the CWRC are difficult to implement due to discrepancies between authority and responsibilities 4) there are no efficient consultation and coordination mechanisms among stakeholders within the river basin, 5) the implementation of IRBM lacks support of provincial and local authorities, and 6) the CWRC sees stakeholder participation as the key to better river basin governance. Water management in the Yangtze River Basin has been analysed with the Rhine River, Danube River, France and the European Union as reference. The comparisons indicate that 1) legislation or formal agreements between different administrative units, nations or provinces, are required for efficient cooperation, 2) an inter-provincial river basin organization is an ideal platform to promote IRBM and resolve conflicts between nations or provinces within a river basin, 3) political governance and technical support should be separated, 4) stakeholder participation is imperative for efficient IRBM, and 5) pollution of the Yangtze River is at risk of increasing while the Rhine River and to some extent the Danube River have passed a turning point (top of Kuznet’s curve), where pollution is effectively managed and declining.Strategically institutional arrangements for IRBM will be conditional on central government initiative. At the national level four initiatives are proposed as umbrella for basin level action, 1) a national water framework plan to be inspired by the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD), 2) an assessment of basin institutional arrangements inspired by the Rhine and Danube rivers, 3) an assessment of provincial institutions inspired by France and 4) an assessment of legal efficiency taking the EU WFD as benchmark.In close consultation with the CWRC an action plan to foster IRBM in the Yangtze River Basin has been formulated in terms of legislation, institutions, capacity building, financing, information disclosure and stakeholder participation.The principal recommendations of the study are:1) Water Law to be amended or supplemented with legislation, which clearly defines the division of responsibilities between the national, river basin and provincial level authorities.2) A National Water Resource Commission to be established to strengthen cross-sectorial coordination and cooperation and mitigate the current fragmentation of responsibilities, especially the overlapping responsibilities of the Ministry of Water Resources (MWR) and Ministry of Environmental Protection (MEP) in water pollution management and of the Ministry of Water Resources and Ministry of Land and Resources in groundwater management.3) Reform of the CWRC may take one of three basic models: Unified management as branch of central government, essentially the current structure; Coordinated management governed by stakeholders, including central government; Autonomous enterprise authorised by central government.4) Institutions and responsibilities for water resources management and water service delivery to be separated and clearly defined.5) River basin commissions to be assigned responsibility for coordination of water resources management at basin scale and provinces for implementation in accordance with overall management objectives.6) River basin commissions to be responsible for operation of multipurpose infrastructure and bulk water supply.7) Provinces and municipalities to be the responsible for management and delivery of water supply and sanitation services in both rural and urban areas.8) Cost recovery for water resources management, bulk water supply, water supply and sanitation services to be scaled up and serve as water demand management tool as well as a significant source of funding for infrastructure development.9) National Water Resources Council to be set up at national level to supervise and regulate water resources management and services delivery by benchmarking of river basin commissions, provincial administrations and water utility companies using clear and well defined performance indicators.
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| 4. |
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松花江流域水生态功能分区研究
- 2016
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This monograph is based on the results of the national water pollution control and management technology major special projects “Research on Primary and Secondary Zoning of Songhua River Basin Aqua-Ecological Functions” (Project No: 2008ZX07526-002-01) and “Research on Third and Fourth Zoning of Songhua River Basin Aqua-Ecological Functions ” ( Project No: 2012ZX07501002-01). The outcomes of this research include data and field material for more than ten years. The book Aqua- ecologic Functional Zoning of Songhua River Basin introduces aqua-ecologic functional zoning in Songhua River Basin in a systematic way in ten Chapters. It treats the Songhua River Basin as a complete ecosystem and aims at overall aqua-ecological health and aquaecology conservation and recovery. Based on introduction of concept and in- depth contents of aqua-ecologic zoning, the book provides a deep analysis on ecologic evolution process, mechanism and driven force by combined natural forces and human factors from a multi-angle, multi-level perspective. It also studies on the interactions between ecosystems and ecological processes and their spatial variation and distribution patterns and characteristics. The main focuses are on the natural environment, spatial heterogeneity of social and economic characteristics and relationships between terrestrial ecosystem with aquatic ecosystem; the spatial and temporal evolution mechanisms of water resources, aqua-environment, macrobenthos, aquatic plants, fish and algae, etc, and their respective driving factors. Finally, an indexing system of aqua-ecologic zoning isestablished with a four-class procedure which involves the ability of function authentication.This book can be used by environmental managers and scientists in environmental protection, ecology, water conservancy, agriculture, forestry, land resources and planning and other relevant sectors. It can also be used at institutions or universities in subjects such as biology, ecology, systematics,environmental science, environment engineering, hydrology and water resources and watershed planning and management as reference. Meanwhile, the book provides important basis for decision- making at the Songhua River Basin governmental agencies such as environment, watershed management, policy and regulation making and the targeted ecological protection.
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| 5. |
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松花江流域水生态功能分区研究 : 应用手册
- 2017
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The book "Aqua-ecologic Functional Zoning of Songhua River Basin: Application Manual" introduces the technical methodology and detailed application instructions for aqua-ecologic functional zoning in Songhua River Basin in a systematic way in nine Chapters. Based on a general introduction of concept and in-depth contents of aqua-ecologic zoning and its methodology, this application manual addresses mainly the theoretical foundation, the naming and the coding rules as well as the technical schemes of the four zoning system for the river basin. It then provides a basin wide, detailed application instruction for each of the four zoning systems together with the river-reach based aqua-ecologic functional zoning. With detailed technical instructions, this application manual strives to increase the usefulness of the previous research outcome. This book can be used by environmental managers and scientists in environmental protection, ecology, water conservancy, agriculture, forestry, land resources and planning and other relevant sectors. It can also be used at institutions or universities in subjects such as biology, ecology, systematics, environmental science, environment engineering, hydrology and water resources and watershed planning and management as reference. Meanwhile, the book provides important basis for decision-making at the Songhua River Basin governmental agencies such as environment, watershed management, policy and regulation making and the targeted ecological protection.River basin based water resources management, and further, the achievement of sustainable development in water resources management are premise for successful river basin management. The structures and the functions of aqua-ecologic system within a river basin vary constantly in line with changing environmental and structural patterns of the basin. Through aqua-ecological zoning system will let us gain better understanding of aqua-ecology status and its evolution mechanism, and further, achieve efficient utilization of water resources and at same time, maintain sufficient protection for the ecological system.As one of the seven largest river basins in China, the Songhua River Basin is of vital importance for the economic restoration and re-development for the entire Northeast region of China. The Songhua River Basin is also playing a strategic role in aqua-environmental aspects since it is the main tributary of the Sino-Russian border river Heilong River.The Songhua River Basin belongs temperate and boreal watershed. It contains the wide spread boreal pine forests in northern part of Greater Khingan Mountain; temperate mixed forest in Minor Khingan Mountain and Changbai Mountain; meadow steppe marsh and swamp in floodplain areas; contributing to unique, large scale vegetation landscape. This vast area also builds up a major base for the country’s livestock and forestry as well as modern agriculture. Compared to other rivers in China, this basin is enjoying less pollution with apparent and complex regional characteristics. However, with the rapid urbanization, industrial development and modernization of agriculture, the ecological and environmental stresses are constantly increasing and the challenges are getting more serious. The development of aqua-ecological zoning system will provide deeper research on aqua-ecological properties and corresponding management technologies. This will contribute to a holistic and effective protection and management of aqua-environment, leading to a healthy and sound ecological development for the future.The book is divided into nine chapters with a general outlook as the first part. The first Chapter introduces the basic characteristics of the natural and physical environment; the land use and the socio-economic properties within the basin with an analysis of their differentiation pattern. Chapter II introduces in a first step, the concept of river basin aqua-ecologic functional zoning; basic characteristics compared to existing function zones. In the second step, it explains the fours stage zoning system, the principle, the procedure and the technical methods. Chapter III introduces the details for each stage, the zoning foundation; the purpose and the principle. Chapter IV explains the naming convention and the coding protocol for all the stages respectively. Chapter V summarizes the technical protocols for each of the zoning stage. The following four chapter devote to detailed information of the location and distribution; river basin property; land information and its protection objectives for each stage. Chapter VI introduces the technical specification for the first stage zoning. Chapter VII introduces the technical specification for the second stage zoning. Chapter VIII introduces the technical specification for the third and fourth stage zoning. Chapter IV devotes to the specification for the ecological system analysis based on each river reach.Chapter I is written by Qixing Zhou, Hongbing Yu, Liyan Zheng, Minghui Chen, Daguang Sun, Chunli Kang, Li Yu, Xia Wang, Fengxiang Li and Derong Wang. Chapter II is written by Liyan Zheng, Hongbing Yu, Qixing Zhou, Zengzhi Yu. Chapter III is written by Hongbing Yu, Liyan Zheng, Linus Zhang and Han Yu. Chapter VI is written by Liyan Zheng, Hongbing Yu, Zengzhi Yu, Shengqiang Wang, Yong Li, Meng Xin, Zhaoyu Qi, Jinxing Li, Chapter V is written by Liyan Zheng, Hongbing Yu, Qixing Zhou, Zifu Tian, Jie Yuan, Feng Zhao, Hui Zhang, Wenge Zhao, Xiaoyin Sun, Yanbing Zhao. Chapter VI is written by Liyan Zheng, Hongbing Yu, Qixing Zhou, Xiaoyin Sun, Fengxiang Li. Chapter VII is written by Liyan Zheng, Hongbing Yu, Qixing Zhou, Zengzhi Yu, Xiaoyin Sun. Chapter VIII is written by Liyan Zheng, Hongbing Yu, Zengzhi Yu, Linus Zhang, Han Yu. Chapter IV is written by Liyan Zheng, Hongbing Yu, Zengzhi Yu, Linus Zhang, Han Yu.This book is based on the results of the national water pollution control and management technology major special projects "Research on Primary and Secondary Zoning of Songhua River Basin Aqua-Ecological Functions" (Project No: 2008ZX07526-002-01) and "Research on Third and Fourth Zoning of Songhua River Basin Aqua-Ecological Functions" (Project No: 2012ZX07501002-01). With the outcomes of this research data and field material for more than ten years, we strive to provide a handy manual in combining theory and practice in sufficient details. The book has got enthusiastic support and guidance from Professor Yuan Jiang and Yuan Zhang, which is greatly acknowledged.
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