| 1. |
- Al-Harthy, Mohammad H.
(författare)
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Cross-cultural differences in patients with temporomandibular disorders-pain : a multi-center study
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall objective of this thesis was to investigate patients with TMD-pain and TMD-free controls in three cultures (Saudi Arabia, Sweden, and Italy) to determine the influence of culture on and crosscultural differences in pain prevalence and intensity, sensitivity to mechanical and electrical stimulation, pain-related disability for four comorbid pain conditions (back, head, chest, and stomach pain) in the last 6 months, and the type of treatment that patients with TMD pain received. The specific aims were: (i) To determine the frequency of TMD pain in Saudi Arabians (I). (ii) To compare psychophysical responses to mechanical and electrical stimuli in female TMD patients and TMD-free controls, nested within each of three cultures (Saudi, Italian, and Swedish) (II). (iii) To assess pain prevalence and intensity, and pain-related disability associated with comorbid pain conditions by testing for the interaction effect between three different cultures and case-status (III). (iv) To assess the type of treatment that female patients with TMD-pain in three cultures received, and their beliefs about the factors that contribute to and aggravate TMD, as well as the factors that are important to include in TMD treatment (IV). Study (I) material included 325 Saudi Arabian patients (135 males, 190 females) aged 20–40, who were referred to the Specialist Dental Center at Alnoor Specialist Hospital, Makkah and answered a history questionnaire. We offered a clinical examination to patients reporting TMD pain in the last month and assessment according to the Arabic version of the Research Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (RDC/TMD). Of these patients, 58 (18%) reported TMD pain and 46 underwent clinical examination. All TMD pain patients had a diagnosis of myofascial pain, and 65% had diagnoses of arthralgia or osteoarthritis. The TMD-pain group reported high levels of both headaches/migraines in the last 6 months (93%) differing significantly (P < 0.01) from the TMD-pain-free groups. All pain group were suffering at least from one TMD subdiagnosis The TMD-pain group had high depression and somatization scores but low disability grades on the Graded Chronic Pain Scale (GCPS). Studies (II-IV) compared 122 female cases of chronic TMD pain (39 Saudis, 41 Swedes, and 42 Italians) to equal numbers of agematched TMD-free controls. The study (II) measured pressure pain threshold (PPT) and tolerance (PPTo) over one hand and two masticatory muscles, and electrical perception threshold, electrical pain threshold (EPT), and electrical pain tolerance (EPTo) between the thumb and index fingers. Italian females reported significantly lower PPT in the masseter muscle than the other cultures (P < 0.01) and in the temporalis muscle than Saudis (P < 0.01). Swedes reported significantly higher PPT in the thenar muscle than the other cultures (P = 0.017). Italians reported significantly lower PPTo in all muscles than Swedes (P < 0.01) and in the masseter muscle than Saudis (P < 0.01). Italians reported significantly lower EPTo than other cultures (P = 0.01). TMD cases reported lower PPT and PPTo than TMD-free controls in all three muscles (P < 0.01). Cultural differences appeared in PPT, PPTo and EPTo. Overall, Italian females reported the highest sensitivity to both mechanical and electrical stimulation, while Swedes reported the lowest sensitivity. Mechanical pain thresholds differed more across cultures than did electrical pain thresholds. Cultural factors may influence response to type of pain test. In Study (III), self-report questionnaires assessed back, chest, stomach, and head pain for prevalence, intensity, and interference with daily activities in the last 6 months. Logistic regression assessed binary variables and ANCOVA provided parametric data analysis, adjusting for age and education. Back pain was the only comorbid condition that varied in prevalence across cultures; Headache was the most common comorbid pain condition in all three cultures; the average head pain intensity was lower, however, among Swedes compared to Saudis (P = 0.029). The total number of comorbid conditions did not differ cross-culturally, but the TMD group reported more comorbid conditions compared to TMD-free controls (P < 0.01). For both back and head pain, TMD cases reported higher average pain intensities (P < 0.01) and interference with daily activities (P < 0.01) than TMD-free controls. Among TMD patients, Italians reported the highest pain-related disability (P < 0.01). This study indicates that culture influences the comorbidity of common pain conditions with TMD. The cultural influence on pain expression is reflected in different patterns of physical representation. Study (IV) compared patient characteristics, treatment beliefs, and type of practitioner advice received before referral for TMD treatment. Patients responded to a questionnaire that assessed treatments received, then completed an explanatory model form about their beliefs regarding which factors contribute to and aggravate TMD, and what factors are important for treatment to address. Of the various treatments, Swedes most commonly sought behavioral therapy and Saudis Islamic medicine (P < 0.01). Swedes received acupuncture and occlusal appliance therapy significantly more than Saudis (P < 0.01) or Italians (P = 0.012). Italians were significantly less likely than Saudis and Swedes (P = 0.042) to believe that TMD pain treatment should address behavioral factors. Among Saudi, Italian, and Swedish females with chronic TMD pain, culture did not influence the type of practitioner consulted before visiting a TMD specialist or their beliefs about factors contributing to or aggravating their pain. Overall, the treatments patients received and beliefs about behavioral factors differed cross-culturally. Islamic medicine was fairly common among Saudis and acupuncture was common among Swedes.
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| 2. |
- Anderud, Jonas
(författare)
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On guided bone regeneration using ceramic membranes
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Regeneration of bone in the oral and maxillofacial region can beachieved with different techniques such as autologous bone grafts,bone substitutes and guided bone regeneration. Guided boneregeneration is defined as creating a space between the bone and itssurrounding tissues, using a barrier that allows new bone to migrateinto the space while preventing other cell types from interfering. Thebarrier material should be biocompatible, have suitable occlusiveproperties and be able to maintain the created space for boneregeneration. A wide range of different materials has been used.The general aim was to evaluate a novel method of guided boneregeneration using designed ceramic space maintaining devices onanimals and humans. An experimental rabbit model was used in studies I, II and III.60 different domes shaped as halfspheres were fixed with titaniumscrews to the skull bone of 30 rabbits. The domes had 5 differentcharacteristics; 1) Dense hydroxyapatite with a moderately roughinner surface (HA rough), 2) Dense hydroxyapatite with a smoothinner surface (HA smooth), 3) Microporous hydroxyapatite with amoderately rough inner surface (HA μ), 4) Dense hydroxyapatite witha moderately rough inner surface and macroscopic holes (HA holes)and 5) Zirconia with a moderately rough inner surface (Zirconia).The domes were left to heal for 12 weeks before the animals wereeuthanized and the results were analysed with histomorphology andmicro-CT. The results revealed that Zirconia with a moderately rough innersurface produced the largest amount of newly formed bone althoughthe results were difficult to interpret as the Zirconia domes weredifficult to X-ray because of the very dense nature of the material.In study IV, 3 patients had bone regeneration treatment with aZirconia barrier. Patient 1 had posterior maxillary bone deficiencyin a transverse direction. Patient 2 had anterior maxillary bonedeficiency in a vertical and transverse direction. Patient 3 hadposterior mandibular bone deficiency in a vertical direction. Basedon individual digital models, Zirconia membranes correspondingto the amount of bone intended to be regenerated were designedand manufactured. The Zirconia membranes, were attached tothe underlying bone with titanium screws and covered with theperiosteum and mucosa. After a mean healing time of 7 months themembranes were removed and dental implants were installed. The results showed new bone regeneration corresponding tothe design of the space maintained. None of the patients had anymajor complications aside from normal postoperative discomfort.According to evaluation with CBCT all patients gained new bone inthe desired and preoperatively planned region.
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| 3. |
- Auer, Nathalie, Universitetslektor
(författare)
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Scaffolding foreign language learners’ reading strategies using tablet computers at two secondary schools in Denmark
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The use of mobile devices for learning has led to an increased number of textbooks and reading materials being published in digital format. Specific digital literacies are required to take advantage of these digital texts, and students need to acquire these literacies if they are to read and learn efficiently. Teachers need to assist their students in reading with digital devices. However, research on supporting reading comprehension with mobile devices is still limited. This thesis addresses a gap in the field by identifying cognitive and metacognitive foreign language (FL) reading strategies that students employ when using tablets, and how digital features may support FL reading comprehension. Students learning Spanish at two educational institutions in Denmark (n=12) participated in this longitudinal qualitative study. The digital texts employed in the study were designed to model reading strategies by embedding prompts in the texts using features of the iBook Author application on the iPad. These prompts, which appear alongside the text for students using the iBooks app, provide opportunities to learn and practice reading strategies. Data collection was via students’ logs (records of their use of reading strategies with the iPads over three weeks), semi-structured interviews and a researcher’s log. Coding was conducted through thematic analysis. The findings indicate that students used a variety of metacognitive and cognitive reading strategies. Students engaged in higher-order thinking skills by following the scaffolds provided and benefitting from some of the iPads’ features. In conclusion, provided that the student is active in the reading process and is using appropriate strategies, he or she will be able to construct meaning from the digital text. FL reading is a skill that needs to be adapted for the use of mobile technology. This research suggests that, when employed effectively, the applications available on tablets can provide scaffolds for the reading process. This thesis contributes to knowledge by: 1) applying a language learning strategy (LLS) model to mobile technology; 2) applying metacognition in the context of reading electronic books with mobile devices; 3) addressing controversies in the field of digital reading; 4) proposing guidelines for designing digital textbooks, and 5) developing a research instrument for reading strategy research.
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| 4. |
- Boonsatean, Wimonrut
(författare)
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Living with type 2 diabetes in a Thai population : excperiences and socioeconomic characteristics
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Type 2 diabetes is a matter of global concern, and has been shown to have an impact on an individual’s way of living, family, and social life. In addition, there is limited knowledge concerning the life experiences of Thai people with diabetes. The aim of this thesis was to explore the experiences of people with type 2 diabetes who live in partly low socioeconomic suburban areas of Thailand. Both qualitative analyses with 19 women of low socioeconomic status with diabetes and quantitative analyses, including 220 people with diabetes, were conducted in the suburban communities near Bangkok between 2012 and 2015. The thesis consists of the results of four studies described in four papers. In paper I the aim was to explore how Thai women of low socioeconomic status handled their lives with diabetes. The findings showed that the women went through many stages of changes in the process of adaptation in handling their vulnerable situation influenced by diabetes and socioeconomic status. A threatened loss of status was sometimes seen as a barrier to handling their disease, whereas empowerment by one’s family helped them to feel powerful and gave them a sense of hope in living with this disease. Paper II illuminated the life experience of Thai women of low socioeconomic status living with diabetes. The findings revealed that women confronted susceptible feelings such as worrying about an unpredictable future and fears of being a burden to their family. However, they were able to maintain a balance through empowerment via the inner and outer sources of their beliefs. In paper III the aims were to investigate and compare the illness perception and self-management among women and men with diabetes, examine the association between illness perception and self-management, and to investigate the psychometric properties of the translated instruments. Both Thai versions of the measurement tools (the revised illness perception, diabetic version questionnaire and the new revision of the diabetes self-management questionnaire) demonstrated acceptable content validity and reliability, includinginternal consistency, inter-rater, and test-retest reliability. The findings showedthat the illness perception and self-management strategies among the womenand men had similar patterns, except for three aspects of illness perception.Whereas the women more often perceived the consequences of diabetes andfluctuating symptoms, the men felt more confident about efficiency of thetreatment prescribed by the healthcare professionals. Furthermore, the illnessperception, especially the confidence in controlling diabetes by themselves andthe confidence about treatment effectiveness, in both women and men showeda weak possitive association with many aspects of self-management strategies.Paper IV examined the illness perception and self-management of Thai peoplewith diabetes according to their socioeconomic status, as defined by income andeducational level. The participants of the low-income and low-education groupsperceived more negative consequences of diabetes, and the participants in the highincomeand high-education group felt more confident in controlling the diabetesby themselves and were more confident about the treatment effectiveness. Theparticipants in the low-education group perceived more fluctuating symptomsof the disease, and the high-education group showed greater understanding oftheir disease conditions. Furthermore, the participants in the low-education group demonstrated less effective self-care in terms of overall self-management strategiesand physical activity.The Thai people with type 2 diabetes demonstrated an ability to be able toadjust to their life situation and to keep a balance in their minds to continuetheir usual life with the disease. Their experiences of living with diabetes werepartially affected by sex differences and socioeconomic characteristics. It may behelpful to take educational level into consideration when designing specific andproper interventions for people with diabetes in low socioeconomic areas. TheThai sociocultural context, especially in terms of family closeness and Buddhistbeliefs, might also have an effect on the life of people with diabetes.
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| 5. |
- Brännvall, Mari
(författare)
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Frigörelse med förhinder : om polisanmälan när kvinnor tar sig ur mäns våld i nära relationer
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Avhandlingen uppmärksammar polisanmälan vid mäns våld mot kvinnor i nära relationer. Studiens syfte är att undersöka kvinnors syn på polisanmälan och deras interaktioner med det straffrättsliga systemet när de tar sig ur mäns våld i nära relationer. Avhandlingens teoretiska ramverk omfattar främst teorier om mäns våld mot kvinnor, kvinnors uppbrott ur våld och organisationer. En kvinna anses ha tagit sig ur våld när hon separerat, frigjort sig emotionellt från mannen, definierar våldet som mäns våld mot kvinnor i nära relationer samt när mannen upphört med våldet. Kvalitativa intervjuer genomfördes under 2010 och 2011 med tjugo kvinnor som lämnat en våldsutövande partner. En tematisk analys har genomförts av empirin, som består av 33 intervjuer. Avhandlingen belyser en komplex beslutandeprocess om polisanmälan. Under denna process framstår polisanmälan som alltmer tänkbar i takt med att kvinnan frigör sig från våld – såväl emotionellt, som kognitivt samt genom separation – samtidigt som mannens våld fortsätter. Vid beslutet om polisanmälan tar kvinnan hänsyn till dess förväntade konsekvenser, såväl för hennes möjligheter att ta sig ur våld, som för hennes livssituation i övrigt. Avhandlingen belyser även polisanmälans betydelse för frigörelsen från våld. Resultaten visar att det straffrättsliga systemets gensvar på våldet, i synnerhet rättsprocessens utfall, är central för den betydelse polisanmälan får. Gensvar i form av giltiggörande bemötanden, adekvata skyddsåtgärder, frihetsberövanden och fällande domslut kan underlätta en separation, underlätta förståelsen av våldet samt försvåra för mannen att fortsätta utsätta kvinnan för våld. Och omvänt, gensvar i form av ogiltiggörande bemötanden, otillräckligt skydd och nedläggningsbeslut kan försvåra möjligheten att definiera våldet och göra kvinnan fortsatt åtkomlig för mannens våld. Resultaten tyder på att både våldsutövare och våldsutsatta kan uppfatta rättsprocessens utfall som en signal om vad som är tillåtet respektive otillåtet i samhället, vilket i sin tur kan få konsekvenser för förekomsten av fortsatt våld. Avhandlingen synliggör även olika hinder för att våldsutsatta kvinnor ska få tillgång till rättssystemets skydd, stöd och hjälp. Det omfattar såväl hinder för att kvinnor ska vända sig till rättssystemet, som hinder för att kvinnor som vänt sig dit ska erhålla dess stöd. Avslutningsvis belyser avhandlingen rättssystemets praktiska hantering av våldet, i relation till det jämställdhetspolitiska målet om att mäns våld mot kvinnor ska upphöra. Ett mål rättssystemet fått i uppdrag att medverka till. Resultaten tyder på att samtidigt som rättssystemet genomför satsningar för att motverka mäns våld mot kvinnor i nära relationer, så kan den praktiska hanteringen av våldet ha motsatt verkan, och i förlängningen reproducera könsojämlikhet.
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| 6. |
- Carlström, Charlotta
(författare)
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BDSM : paradoxernas praktiker
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- BDSM är en akronym för bondage/disciplin, dominans/submission (underkastelse) och sadomasochism som används för att beskriva flera, ofta sexuella, former av beteenden och uttryck, där ett utforskande av makt är centralt. Avhandlingens syfte är att söka förståelse för BDSM som en dynamisk, komplex och kollektiv företeelse. Den fokuserar på hur utövare, genom sina berättelser, ger mening till sina upplevelser och erfarenheter. Avhandlingens teoretiska ramverk innefattar både poststrukturalism och symbolisk interaktionism. Etnografiskt fältarbete genomfördes under 2012 och 2013 i flera BDSM-gemenskaper i Sverige. Fältarbetet omfattar intervjuer, observationer och deltagande på möten, workshops, pub- och klubbkvällar. Totalt intervjuades 29 personer som definierar sig som BDSM-utövare. Avhandlingen visar hur olika synsätt, tolkningar och politisk-ideologiska praktiker har format och strukturerat den sociala verklighet som utgör BDSM av idag. Denna process har ägt rum på olika diskursiva arenor; från medicin och forskning till politisk aktivism, litteratur, film och media. Dominerande diskurser, där makt och våld är centrala, utmanas av motdiskurser, där motstånd till heteronormativa normer och sexualitet är betydande. Utövandet ses som en väg att uppnå känslor av trygghet och tillhörighet. BDSM möjliggör ett utrymme där starka affekter, kroppsliga sensationer, förändrade medvetandetillstånd och spirituella upplevelser kan utforskas och erfaras. Beteenden som i andra situationer betraktas som felaktiga och omoraliska, kan göras moraliskt försvarbara i en BDSM-kontext. Avhandlingen belyser ambivalenser och paradoxer i utövandet, där diskurserna såväl möjliggör som begränsar utövarna.
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| 7. |
- Dahlskog, Steve
(författare)
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Patterns and procedural content generation in digital games : automatic level generation for digital games using game design patterns
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The development of content in digital games, such as game worlds, quests, levels, 3D-models, and textures, is costly and time consuming. To address this, different approaches to automate the process of creating game content, often referred to as procedural content generation (PCG), has been suggested. However, PCG is a complex task and include challenges such as creating content with variation, coherent style, speed, and correctness. The research in the thesis is concerned with generating game content with the aid of game design patterns, both by establishing models and exploring different methods to generate actual game content for different games. The methods include implementations of evolutionary computation, i.e. a set of search-based approaches that searches for instances of game design patterns on different abstraction levels that make up Super Mario Bros. (SMB) levels and a learning algorithm implementation based on a model (n-grams) of patterns from the original SMB-game. The different generators were evaluated with metrics concerned with the expressive range of the generators and with user tests.
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| 8. |
- Diogo Löfgren, Christina
(författare)
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Oral dryness in relation to film-forming properties of saliva
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Dry mouth, or oral dryness, is a complex and quite commoncondition, reported with a varying prevalence of 10-80 %, expressed as a physiological deficiency with or without perceived dysfunction. This condition can severely affect oral health, oral function andquality of life.This thesis is based on four studies:Study I is a systematic review of the scientific literature and anevaluation of the quality of the evidence for diagnostic methods used to identify oral dryness. The literature included publications during the time period January 1966 to February 2011.Results and conclusions: The database searches resulted in 224 titles and abstracts. A total of 18 original studies were judged relevant and interpreted for this review. When evaluating the included studies witha quality assessment tool for diagnostic accuracy, many of the studiesexhibited shortcomings. The most common shortcomings were that the patient selection criteria were not clearly described and the test or reference methods were not described in sufficient detail. Seven of the included studies presented their results as a percentage of correct diagnoses. The evidence for the efficacy of clinical methods to assess oral dryness is sparse and improved standards for the reporting ofdiagnostic accuracy are needed in order to assure the methodological quality of studies. Furthermore, a global consensus regarding theterminology of oral dryness is needed in order to facilitate diagnostic procedures, choice of treatment and research design. Salivary dysfunction has mainly been described as being related to low salivary flow rate but the correlation between salivary flow rate and symptoms has shown to be weak. This suggests that not onlyquantity as a parameter, but also qualitative parameters of saliva,are needed to be included as factors of importance in evaluatingthe perception of oral dryness. The protective functions of salivaare performed both through and within the bulk liquid phase ofsaliva, but maybe more implicit through saliva components beingdynamically associated as a thin intermediary film on all surfacesexposed in the oral cavity. For instance, examples of qualitativeprotective functions of surface associated saliva would be the film- forming capacity and rheological characteristics of saliva. Today thereis a lack of clinical diagnostic methods that systematically combine individual’s perception of saliva and tests of protective functions of saliva, which in combination may identify individuals at risk andneed of directed preventive regimens.The overall aim of this thesis was to evaluate scientifically reported diagnostic methods in use to identify oral dryness and to exploremethods for clinical monitoring of protective functional characteristicsof salivary films Study II surveyed the occurrence of subjective and objective oraldryness in two populations, one randomly selected group and onedental care-seeking group. The relationship between subjectiveand objective oral dryness to clinical parameters was analyzed and individuals were designated into one of four groups depending onthe occurrence of subjectively described and /or clinically measured oral dryness.Results and conclusions: No association between subjective oraldryness and flow rates of unstimulated and stimulated saliva wasfound in either of the two populations studied. Individuals identified with subjective oral dryness or objective oral dryness presented to a greater extent a history of oral rehabilitation compared to individualswho showed no indications of oral dryness. Results and conclusions: Individuals with subjective oral drynessexhibited lower values for saliva viscosity and elasticity, whencompared to the other groups. Additionally, the amount of salivaassociated to a germanium prism was the lowest measured in thisgroup, even if the total protein concentration was not extremely low. These test results in combination with a moderate decrease in surfacetension after 600 s may be indicative of a lower film forming capacityof saliva from individuals expressing subjective oral dryness.
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| 9. |
- Economou, Catarina
(författare)
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"I svenska två vågar jag prata mer och så" : en didaktisk studie om skolämnet svenska som andraspråk
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis takes its point of departure in recent criticism directed at the Swedish school system, especially regarding the fact that students with a foreign background do not get the same opportunities or attain the same results as Swedish-born students. The general aim of this thesis is to study and analyse multi-lingual students’ situation from a critical didactic perspective, focusing on content and teaching in Swedish as a Second Language in upper secondary school. The legitimacy of and views on the subject are examined, as well as how the students are selected and categorised. The role that fiction has in the context of the subject is also investigated and discussed. The main sources of inspiration for the theoretical framework of the study have been the works of Nussbaum and Cummins. In addition, theoretical and methodological approaches are drawn from McCormick ́s socio-cultural model, Rosenblatt’s reading forms, as well as Tengberg, and Goodlad’s curriculum theory. The methodology used in this thesis is ethnography as well as curriculum and text analysis. The thesis consists of four articles. Article one, “The secondary school subject of Swedish as a Second Language – is it necessary?” examines the subject from different angles. The second “Swedish and Swedish as A Second Language – two equal subjects?” compares and analyses the two curricula. The third “Reading Fiction in a Second Language Classroom” and fourth “Multilingual Pupils’ Reading of Doctor Glas” consider the role of fiction within the subject, examining how a group of second language learners interpret and discuss the novels and how they interact with each other in relation to the literary texts. Furthermore, the last two studies analyse what forms of reading the students use. The thesis shows that the subject Swedish as a Second Language is still subordinated to the first language subject Swedish, with fewer cognitive challenges, as the aims of the curriculum reveal. Swedish as a Second Language focuses more on linguistic forms, often in isolated contexts, and less on meaning-making, e.g. reading of fiction and personal development. It also indicates that second language learners, in this context, are competent readers, able to understand and make meaning of different novels, use different forms of reading as well as make use of their broad experiences of different cultures in relation to literary texts. Finally, the thesis concludes with a discussion about the content in a future, new and inclusive subject of Swedish that is necessary to develop in today’s multicultural and globalized society.
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| 10. |
- Edenborg, Emil
(författare)
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Nothing more to see : Contestations of belonging and visibility in Russian media
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this dissertation is to explore the role of visibility in the production and contestation of belonging to political communities. On the basis of an empirical enquiry of Russian media during the 2010s, a theoretical conceptualization of the relation between visibility and belonging is suggested, starting in the idea that what becomes visible to publics and how, and what is rendered invisible, are the objects of constant political regulation and contestation. The suggested theory seeks to move beyond both an exclusively speech-oriented approach to belonging, and a binary view on visibility as either emancipatory or repressive. In three case studies, the thesis explores aspects of the problem of belonging and visibility. In all cases – each of which focuses on a specific project of belonging as enacted in contemporary Russian media – gendered, sexualized and ethnicized conceptions of community are at the center of the contestations. First, by analyzing narratives in Russian media about the 2013 ban on “homosexual propaganda”, the thesis shows that as projects of belonging produce specific gendered and sexualized conceptions of community, they seek to regulate the visibility of undesired, non-normative subjectivities. However, those regulatory efforts contain tensions that may serve as starting points for contestation. Second, by studying media narratives about the 2014 Sochi Olympics, the thesis shows that spectacular media events may serve to depoliticize particular notions of community by making them hypervisible and producing them as natural and inevitable, but such events may also serve as sites of repoliticization. Third, by analyzing how the Russian state-promoted narrative on the war in Ukraine 2014-15 was challenged, by Russian internet satire and by the media exposure of how Russian soldiers who had died in Ukraine were secretly buried, the thesis shows that contestations of dominant projects of belonging draw on invisibility, and often have an ambivalent, inside/outside relation to dominant narratives. The central claim of the thesis is that projects of belonging, aimed at (re)constituting political communities and their boundaries, seek to produce particular arrangements of visibility regulating what can be seen and how it can be seen in the public sphere, and what cannot be seen. Moreover, as visibility cannot be fixed entirely, precisely those arrangements become the target of political contestation. On a more analytically useful level, it is suggested that politics of belonging involves efforts to contain, amplify and contest visibility.
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| 11. |
- El-Schich, Zahra
(författare)
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Novel imaging technology and tools for biomarker detection in cancer
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Cancer is a leading cause of death worldwide. Normally the balance betweencell growth and cell death is strongly controlled. Chronic lymphocytic leukemiais an indolent disease that has a highly variable clinical course and is the mostcommon hematological malignancy amongst adults in the Western countries.The protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 is a key regulator that controls theintracellular phosphotyrosine level in lymphocytes by inhibiting the B cell receptorsignals. We have compared the expression and activity of SHP-1 inchronic lymphocytic leukemia cells from lymph nodes with matched peripheralblood samples. The expression levels of SHP-1 were higher in peripheral blood,but the phosphatase activity in lymph nodes and peripheral blood did not differsignificantly. All cells in the body normally present glycans on the cell surface,which are involved in cellular communication and in processes like cell differentiation,proliferation and infection, including protecting the cells from invadersand in cell-cell contacts. Sialic acid occurs on the terminal end of glycans,and the frequency of sialic acid expression is increased on metastatic cancer cellsand overexpression controls tumor cell growth and cell differentiation. Theavailability of specific antibodies against sialic acid is limited. We have beenscreening sialic acid on cancer cells by using a molecular imprinting polymertechnique. Our results show that sialic acid is expressed on chronic lymphocyticleukemia cell lines at different levels at the plasma membrane. Higher expressionof sialic acid in the more aggressive chronic lymphocytic leukemia cell lineswas observed. To analyze morphological changes of death cells, digital holographicmicroscopy was used. Digital holographic microscopy is an approachfor label-free non-invasive 3D imaging of cultured cells. We have analyzed celldeath of adherent cancer cells using digital holographic microscopy and developedit to analyze suspension cells by combining this technique with antibodybased microassays. Digital holographic microscopy can be used for cell-deathinduced cell analysis of both adherent cells and suspension cells. This thesistakes us one step further in cancer research as regards developing techniques forscreening circulating cancer cells in blood as well as for individualized treatmentof cancer patients.
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| 12. |
- Emilsson, Henrik
(författare)
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Paper planes : labour migration, integration policy and the state
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This dissertation collects four peer-reviewed articles that are published in academic journals. Two of the articles are about the multi-level governance of integration polices, and two study the effects of labour migration policies. The two topics are tied together by an introduction where a common theme of the articles is discussed – the role of the state. Based on the results of my four articles, I argue that the relevance of the state as a unit of analysis is still strong and impossible to ignore if one wants to understand the patterns of migration and the conditions which migrant newcomers face in their countries of residence. When the Swedish labour migration policy was changed, and the veto of the unions and the state (the Employment Service) was abolished, it enabled social networks and market forces to play out more freely, which led to an increase in labour migration. The Swedish 2008 labour migration policy was designed to solve labour shortages. However, the effect of the new law was mainly the creation of new opportunities for migrants to get work permits and visas to Sweden in order to apply for asylum or work in low-skilled jobs in sectors without labour shortages. Thus, state policies do matter, even if not always in the way in which policymakers intend them to. The state has also tightened its grip on local integration policies in both Denmark and Sweden, despite very different overall policies. Where Denmark´s civic integration policies have formed a tighter relationship between the state and the individual, the Swedish way has been to centralise and standardise integration services and reduce local policy autonomy.
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| 13. |
- Galli, Silvia
(författare)
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On magnesium-containing implants for bone applications
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The biomedical technologies for bone application are employed in millions of patients every year to restore function and aesthetics following trauma, diseases and congenital deformities. They achieved significant advancements in the last decades and have resulted in the development of implants that function for long periods of time. However, some fundamental clinical challenges still remain and are exacerbated by the aging of the population and by the increased life expectancy of the patients.First of all, permanent implants, despite having very high success rates, still face the risk for marginal bone loss and peri-implant osteolysis in some number of cases. Strategies to fasten, to strengthen and to maintain the bone integration of these implants are desired to enhance the implant clinical performances especially in situation of compromised bone. Secondly, the fixation of fractures and the repair of bone defects are required in a large number of clinical situations, where the intrinsic ability of bone to repair itself is limited. A constantly advocated requirement for osteosynthetic devices is the biodegradability, to avoid a second surgery for implant removal or the permanence of the device in the body for long time, with possible adverse effects. However, especially for osteosynthesis devices, materials that possess adequate mechanical properties for load-bearing applications and that biodegrade upon the substitution of new healthy osseous tissue are not yet available. Magnesium (Mg) is a material that offers potential benefits in these clinical issues. Magnesium is a natural component of the human body, which is involved in numerous enzymatic reactions and metabolic processes; thus, it is tolerated at high levels. It has a prominent role in bone homeostasis and bone health in general and it is considered bioactive, osteoconductive and angiogenetic. Therefore it could be applied as a doping agent to permanent implants and bone grafts, to increase their osseointegration. In addition, magnesium is potentially unique in the field of orthopaedic and cranio-maxillofacial surgery because it provides the mechanical properties of metals, although with an elastic modulus closer to that of cortical bone, and at the same time it degrades under physiological conditions in non-toxic by-products. Based on these clinical needs and on these observations, one aim of the current thesis was to explore the effects of the local release of Mg ions directly at the peri-implant sites on the osseointegration of titanium implants in healthy bone and in bone compromised by osteoporosis. In particular, it was of interest to attempt to elucidate the molecular and biochemical pathways that were stimulated in the peri-implant tissues by the presence of Mg ions and to correlate those to biomechanical and histomorphometrical observation. The other aim of this thesis was to characterize in vivo the degradation behaviour of 3 Mg-alloys tailored for biodegradable osteosynthesis devices and their associated bone response. In Study I to IV, the effects of the local release of Mg ions on the osseointegration of titanium implants in both healthy and osteoporotic bone were investigated. Mg ions were loaded into engineered mesoporous titanium dioxide (TiO2) carriers coated onto titanium implants. Mesoporous films acted as reservoir of drugs and bioactive substances and released them directly at the implant interface in a sustained fashion. After surface characterization of the mesoporous carriers with and without Mg ions by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), optical light interferometry (IFM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), the same types of implants were implanted in animal models.In Study I, Mg-loaded implants were placed in the hind limb of rabbits for 3 weeks and examined with biomechanical analysis and histology. The results suggested that the increased local availability of Mg could accelerate and strengthen the early bone fixation of titanium implants.In Study II, the activation of biological pathways of bone healing and osseointegration of Mg-releasing implants installed in the rabbit tibia model was investigated at the gene level by means of real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) after 3 weeks in vivo. The results found that several osteogenic markers (OC, RUNX-2, IGF-1) were significantly up-regulated in the presence of Mg during the first weeks of healing. This finding was correlated with the histological results, since significantly more threads for the Mg-doped implants were filled with new bone compared to the TiO2 implants without Mg. In Study III, the performance of Mg-loaded implants in bone was studied at a longer healing time of 6 weeks. It was found that the effects of Mg release are prominent in the early healing phases than compared to the later healing, presumably due to the rapid mobilization of the Mg ions from the coatings. In fact, the expression of osteogenic genes in the bone around control implants were dominantly expressed approximately 3 weeks after the dominant expression in the Mg-loaded group. Within the limitation of the observed healing period, no signs of increased inflammation and activation of bone remodelling were triggered by Mg release.In Study IV, the potential benefits of the local administration of Mg ions on implant osseointegration were tested in ovariectomized rats, which mimicked osteoporotic conditions. The presence of Mg-doped implants in osteoporotic subjects induced a significantly faster new bone formation compared to Ti controls and the activation of BMP6, an important anabolic agent that is normally suppressed in osteoporosis. In addition, other osteogenic factors, such as VEGF, were up-regulated in presence of Mg. In Study V, 3 recently developed Mg-alloys intended as temporary materials for osthesynthesis applications were tested in vivo to evaluate their degradation behaviour and the response they elicited in tissues. Mg-2Ag, Mg-10Gd and Mg-4Y-3RE in the form of mini-screws were implanted in the tibia and femur of rats for 4 and 12 weeks. Their degradation rates were investigated by means of high-resolution synchrotron-based micro computed tomography (SRµCT) and by histological sectioning. The tissue reaction to the different materials was analyzed both on histology and on 3D reconstructions of the bone-implant samples. In addition, the chemical composition of the degradation layers was assessed with Electron Probe Micro Analysis (EPMA). Finally, the expression of genes in the tissues in proximity of the mini-screws was investigated by means of qPCR employing a super-array technique.The SRµCT enabled the identification of the degradation layers, the original metal and the bone, thanks to the high spatial and density resolution. The 3-months degradation rates were similar for all materials, but the behaviour of the degradation products differed. The products of Mg-2Ag underwent rapid solubilisation. The rapid loss of sample integrity for this material led to fibrous encapsulation, rather than the desired osseous encapsulation. In the other 2 alloys, the degradation layers deposited in the same shape as the original screws and were mainly stable. That allowed the growth of bone in direct contact with the surfaces of the degradation products and they were osseointegrated at the 3-month healing time. That was confirmed on the histological slides. In addition, the chemical analysis revealed that the degradation products of the alloys were not formed by Mg, but contained Ca, P, C and O in similar amount to the surrounding bone The combination of histological, tomographic and chemical images provided new insight on the nature of the bone-to-implant interface and of the degradation products, which appeared to have great similarities to the host bone. Finally, the analysis of the genes expressed in the peri-implant bone, showed up-regulation of several genes related to osteogenesis around Mg implants compared to Ti ones. In conclusion, this thesis demonstrated that Mg is a suitable doping agent to increase the bone encapsulation of endosseous implants, especially at the early stages of healing and in particular in osteoporotic subjects. That is desirable to shorten the healing period and when early implant loading is considered an option. In addition, Mg-10Gd and Mg-4Y-3RE are biodegradable alloys with a degradation rate and behaviour that is suggested to be suitable for the new bone regeneration and the bone encapsulation.
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| 14. |
- Guidi, Paolo
(författare)
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Social work assessment of families with children at risk : similarities and differences in Italian and Swedish public services
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The thesis aims at understanding and explaining social work assessment of families with children at risk, at the level of practice, considering social workers' role in their national welfare system.· The thesis embodies four articles and is informed by a comparative perspective between Sweden and Italy. The first three articles are based on a vignette study focusing on social workers' assessment of three cases of children at risk and the fourth article draws on a broad cross-national survey focusing on social workers' perception of power. The comparison shows great similarities in assessment and line of reasoning when it comes to cases involving infants and small children, while differences are more evident when it comes to adolescent behaviour. Italian social workers are in general more oriented to intervene than their Swedish counterparts. However, Swedish social workers perceive that they have greater power towards their · clients than their Italian colleagues. Differences in the assessment at level of practice are only partly explained by national welfare systems. Also local organisational structures, cultural understandings, and the role assumed by professionals in respect.to their mandate, seem to be influencing factors when it comes to soda! workers' assessment of families with children at risk.
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| 15. |
- Hafen, Niklas, 1980-
(författare)
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En vandring längs välviljans väg : en studie om idrott och internationellt utvecklingsarbete genom de skandinaviska exemplen LdB FC For Life i Sydafrika och Open Fun Football Schools i Moldavien
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this doctoral thesis is to analyze Sport for Development and Peace (SDP) initiatives from the initiators, sponsors and donor’s perspective through the Scandinavian examples LdB FC For Life in South Africa and Open Fun Football Schools in Moldova. On this basis, it seeks to explore the relationship between rhetoric and practice surrounding both projects. The study is grounded in neo-institutional theory – primarily through the work of John Meyer and Brian Rowan, Nils Brunsson and Mark Suchman. On a general level, neo-institutional theory is suitable when studying the social interaction between organizations and their environments. Given the thesis aim and explicit focus on two SDP organizations it thus becomes appropriate to use. Current study is predominantly based on data constructed through fieldwork in Sweden, Denmark, South Africa and Moldova during a period between 2011 and 2013. The methods used are qualitative ranging from observations to semi-structured interviews. In addition, homepages and documents relating to the two projects have been analyzed. A case study research methodology has been applied and the writing has been inspired by ethnographic fiction. The study shows that there is indeed a discrepancy between theory and practice – that is a gap between intention and implementation meaning initiators, sponsors and donors do not exactly practice what they preach. This inconsistency has been explained by the use of the theoretical concepts of decoupling, moral legitimacy and organizational hypocricy. A common feature of LdB FC For Life and Open Fun Football Schools is that they position themselves as SDP initiatives using sport merely as a means, not an end. This can be illustrated by their objectives, which is to mitigate the spread of HIV/AIDS and create political stability. However, from observations and interviews on site in South Africa and Moldova an opposite picture emerge, namely a strong focus on the development of sport through training and competition. In addition, the empirical findings show that both initiatives serve as a means by which initiators and sponsors can create lucrative advantages on a competitive market. Moreover, the undertaken activities function as a means by which they can be associated with something that the general public considers good, namely social responsibility. Even if both initiatives have good intentions, more research has proven crucial to justify the existence and magnitude of many of today´s SDP programs. This study has aimed to contribute to that discussion, mainly by examining the pros and cons of two specific examples. Consequently, it hopes to fill the parts of a missing gap.
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| 16. |
- Isma, Gabriella E
(författare)
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Overweight and obesity in young children : preventive work in child health care with fokus on nurses´ perceptions and parental risk factors
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Childhood obesity is a global public health threat correlated with several comorbidities and increased mortality in adult life. Heredity and physical development concomitant with environment culture and lifestyle habits are contributing key factors for the onset of overweight. Non-genetic components related to unhealthy dietary and activity patterns shared in families, are environmental factors that are possible to prevent before habits are set. Research indicates that there are several barriers against the proper management of this often long-term condition, where preschool children are an understudied group. This thesis aims to investigate how the Child Health Care (CHC) nurses pursue the preventive work on childhood overweight and obesity in CHC and further, to explore parental risk factors in relation to overweight and obesity in children. In the first study (Paper I), 18 nurses at 17 CHC centers in the southern part of Sweden were interviewed using semi-structured interviews with a phenomenographic approach. This study aimed to elucidate the conceptions of childhood overweight, including obesity, among nurses working in CHC. The analysis yielded 11 different conceptions from which emerged four categories of description; “Perception of childhood overweight changes”, “Overweight in younger children, a neglected concern”, “Overweight, a delicate issue” and “The importance of family lifestyle”. The results show that CHC nurses conceived overweight and primarily obesity in children to be an extensive and serious health problem, mainly due to parent’s lifestyle. Childhood overweight during infancy and their preschool years was conceived as a minor concern and further nurses perceived it as a provoking and sensitive issue that was difficult to define. Despite there being an adaption towards the acceptance of larger children, childhood overweight and obesity were considered to be undesirable by both the CHC and the Swedish society in general. Both nurses and parents were more concerned about the children’s appearance and the risk of their being bullied than about the children’s health. Nurses conceived that it was important to protect the parent-nurse relationship. Therefore in order not to jeopardize this relationship; the subject of childhood obesity was avoided. The second study (Paper II) aimed to elucidate the CHC nurses conceptions of their preventive work with childhood overweight and obesity in CHC. Study II was conducted at 17 CHC units using semi-structured interviews with 18 CHC nurses in the southern part of Sweden. The interviews had a phenomenographic approach which elucidated seven conceptions, from which emerged two categories of description; “internal obstacles to nurses’ work with overweight in children” and “external obstacles to the management of overweight in children”. The results show that the CHC nurses work was conceived to be complicated and constrained by several obstacles. Nurses’ preventive work was affected by factors linked to personal traits, lack of sufficient knowledge and lack of several resources affecting their ability to conduct preventive work. The third and the fourth study (Paper III and IV), were based on a crosssectional survey with a questionnaire administered to a stratified and randomized selection of parents to preschool children registered at CHCs in the southern part of Sweden. In total, 598 parents participated in the study, divided into 255 fathers and 343mothers to 372 children, i.e. 372 families. The third study (Paper III), examined socio- and demographic parental risk factors for overweight and obesity in children and the frequency of overweight and obesity in the context of child health care. Descriptive analyses were used to present the frequency of parental and childhood overweight and obesity, and logistic regression was used to estimate the relation between parental socio- and biodemographic factors and children’s risk for overweight or obesity. Our results show that the frequency of overweight and obesity was 14.5 % in children, 56.0 % in fathers and 36.5 % in mothers. A distressed financial situation in fathers (OR 2.85, CI 1.06-7.69) was associated with increased risk for overweight and obesity in children. After adjusting for potential confounders in mutually adjusted models, the aggregated results for both parents showed that mothers and fathers born outside of Sweden (OR 4.50, CI 1.55-13.12 and OR 4.94, CI 1.72-14.20) was the strongest risk factor for overweight and obesity in children.The fourth and final study (Paper IV) aimed to investigate parental lifestyle habits as risk factors for overweight and obesity in children. The relation between parental lifestyle habits and children’s risk for overweight and obesity was analyzed using logistic regression. Our results show that there might be a trend indicating an increased risk for children to develop overweight and obesity if the father is a daily smoker (OR 4.11, CI 1.45-11.68) and the mother is physically inactive (OR 2.33, CI 1.11-4.90). This thesis comprises four studies of both qualitative and quantitative character, with focus on nurses’ preventive work with childhood overweight and obesity in CHC and parental risk factors. Our findings identify multiple levels of barriers to the prevention work on childhood overweight. Nurses’ lack of sufficient knowledge, nurses’ negative conceptions of families with overweight problems, parents’ lack of awareness and the sensitive nature of the issue are circumstances that complicate nurses’ work. Additionally, society’s adaption to the increased proportion of children with overweight has led to an acceptance of excess weight in children. Further, parental risk factors were also identified. Parents being born outside Sweden was associated with increased risk of childhood overweight and obesity, as well as financial distress within the family. Further, the findings show a trend that indicates that paternal smoking and maternal physical inactivity might be factors associated with enhanced risk of overweight and obesity in younger children. We conclude that there exists a need to supplement the existing nurse education in child health care by putting the accent on intensifying education related to childhood overweight and weight assessment, with emphasis on the younger child. Further, this thesis implies that there is a need to better prepare specialist nurse student’s clinical skills related to their encounters with families and children at risk for overweight and obesity, through raising their awareness of their own perceptions of overweight in young children. Childhood overweight should be recognized and prioritized in CHC, further, the implementation of research results needs to be prioritized in the clinical work. The identification of risk factors may help health care personnel to identify and target children in risky family environments.
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| 17. |
- Keshavarz, Mahmoud, 1985-
(författare)
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Design-Politics : An Inquiry into Passports, Camps and Borders
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis is an interrogation of the contemporary politics of movement and more specifically, migration politics from the perspective of the agency of design and designing. At the core of this thesis lies a series of arguments which invite design researchers and migration scholars to rethink the ways they work with their practices: that states, in order to make effective their abstract notions of borders, nations, citizenship, legal protection and rights are in dire need of what this thesis coins as material articulations. The way these notions are presented to us is seldom associated with artefacts and artefactual relations. It is of importance therefore, as this thesis argues, to speak of such material articulations as acts of designing. To examine the politics of movement and migration politics from such a perspective, this thesis focuses on practices that shape specific material articulations such as passports, camps and borders. At the same time, it discusses the practices that emerge from these articulations. By doing this, it follows the politics that shape these seemingly mundane artefacts and relations as well as the politics that emerge from them. Consequently, it argues that design and politics cannot be discussed and worked on as two separate fields of knowledge but rather as interconnected fields, as design-politics. This thesis unpacks this claim by focusing specifically on the lived experiences and struggles of asylum seekers, refugees and undocumented migrants as well as rearticulating some of the artefacts and artefactual relations involved in the politics of movement and migration.
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| 18. |
- Korduner, Eva-Karin
(författare)
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The Shortened Dental Arch (SDA) concept and Swedish general dental practitioners : attitudes and prosthodontic decision-making
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- 10ABSTRACTA Shortened Dental Arch (SDA) is defined as a dentition where most posterior teeth are missing. The SDA concept, described by Käyser and co-workers in the 1980s, was developed mainly for elderly and high risk-patients, those with poor general health and those with accumulation of dental problems. It was however, proposed as a treatment option based on individual preferences. The SDA concept suggested that a dentition comprising teeth in the anterior and premolar region might meet the requirements of a functional dentition. The aim of this thesis was to study attitudes towards the Shortened Dental Arch (SDA) concept and to explore the factors affecting prosthodontic decision-making, with a focus on the SDA concept, among Swedish General Dental Practitioners (GDPs).Two different research approaches (quantitative and qualitative) were used: a questionnaire study (Study I and II) and an interview study (Study III and IV). The base in the questionnaire study was made up of 102 responses from a random sample of 189 Swedish GDPs. The sample was taken from the membership register of the Swedish Dental Association. Besides questions about gender, age, years in profession and place of dental education, the questionnaire contained questions about factors to be considered when planning for a prosthetic treatment in an SDA. There were also questions related to risks and benefits of an SDA and various statements concerning the SDA concept. For all items the dentists were asked to mark on a Visual Analogue Scale ranging from 0 to 10 with different anchors for each section. The data was described and analyzed in contingency and frequency tables. The treatment planning statements were subjected to principal component analysis. A multiple linear regression analysis was used to study explanatory patterns regarding the assessment of importance for the variables influencing dentists’ choice of treatment in an SDA. Eleven Swedish GDPs were strategically selected for the interview study, the necessary inclusion criterion being that the participant had to have at least one year of practice to ensure experience of treating dentitions without molar support. The in-depth, semi-structured interviews dealt with treatment considerations relating to two patient cases and the participants’ opinions on pre-formulated statements about the SDA concept. Two authentic patient cases were discussed; initially with complete dental arches, and later a final treatment plan based on an SDA. The cases involved patients with compromised teeth situated mainly in the molar regions. One patient suffered from extensive caries and the other from severe periodontal disease. Qualitative Content Analysis was used to analyze the data. The participants of the questionnaire study received a short description of the SDA as an introduction and the participants of the interview study were given a brief explanation of the SDA concept after discussing the two patient cases. Attitudes towards the SDA and the SDA concept, results and conclusionsThe questionnaire study (I) showed that the Swedish GDPs had a positive attitude towards the SDA concept which they also considered carried few risks. There were small differences in attitudes between different groups of dentists (private practice dentists/dentists employed in the public dental health service and male/female dentists) but vast differences in attitudes among individual practitioners. Female practitioners envisaged a higher risk of impaired oral function, periodontitis and TMD in an SDA than male practitioners. Private practice dentists saw fewer advantages in using the SDA concept compared to Public Dental Health Service dentists in terms of reduced risk of overtreatment, better patient costs, and the patients’ ability to keep their own natural teeth as they aged. The results of the interview study (III) showed that none of the GDPs was familiar with the SDA concept of treatment although two dentists had heard the expression SDA before. Swedish GDPs showed little or no cognizance of the concept and they did not appear to apply it in their treatment planning.Prosthodontic decision-making with a focus on SDA and compromised molars, results and conclusionsThe study with a quantitative approach (II) showed that there were vast individual differences when Swedish GDPs ranked the importance of various patient-related items when planning a treatment in an SDA. The results of a factor analysis showed that dental care delivery system, place of dental education and also attitudinal factors influenced the decision-making process in relation to the SDA. The analysis also indicated that it was possible to capture common dimensions (“technical”, “comfort” and “time”) of decision-making in prosthodontics compared to other decision-making situations. The study with a qualitative approach (IV) showed that preserving a dental arch which included molars appeared to be important to Swedish GDPs. The SDA concept did not seem to have any substantial impact on prosthodontic decision-making in relation to dentitions with compromised molars. The dentist’s experience, as well as the advice of colleagues or specialists, together with etiological factors and the patient’s individual situation, influenced decision-making more than the SDA concept. There was a contradictory relevance between the patient’s age and the need for molar support when considering the SDA, mainly due to the individual patient’s need. These conflicting results in the prosthetic decision-making process require further investigation.
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| 19. |
- Lindholm, Susan
(författare)
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Remembering Chile : an entangled history of Hip-hop in-between Sweden and Chile
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- What does it mean when Hip-hop artists in both Sweden and Chile claim a Chilean or Latino artist identity? How can these identities be understood against the background of the 1973 coup d’état in Chile and its immediate and long-term consequences? This study sets out to answer these questions by focusing on the intersection of Hip-hop culture and the Chilean diaspora in Sweden after 1973. Based on a close reading of lyrics, as well as interviews with Hip-hop artists in both countries, it traces the way in which the artists position themselves, and in turn are positioned in different historical narratives in, and in-between the two countries. In terms of a Swedish past, this study discusses their identities in connection to a narrative based on inclusion – the narrative of the good Sweden (det goda Sverige) – and a narrative based on exclusion – the narrative of the old Sweden (det gamla Sverige). In terms of remembering a Chilean past on the other hand, it discusses them in connection to narratives based on either remembering or forgetting the atrocities committed by the Pinochet regime. By using an entangled history approach, this dissertation adds an explicitly historical, cultural and transnational perspective to the study of the connection between Chile and the Chilean diasporization process in Sweden after 1973.
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| 20. |
- Ljungblad, Ann-Louise
(författare)
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Takt och hållning : en relationell studie om det oberäkneliga i matematikundervisningen
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This microethnographic classroom study takes its point of departure in the Convention on the Rights of the Child. It examines opportunities and obstacles for children to participate in democratic educational relationships, which in this context refers to the emergence of the students’ selves as unique persons. The microethnography explores how the teacher-student relationship is embodied in teaching, in communicational flow as well as when communicational dilemmas arise. Through a relational turn an increased understanding of situated teaching is being sought, by exploring interpersonal educational relationships. Four mathematics teachers and 100 students from compulsory and upper secondary schools and schools for children with learning disabilities have participated. Video-documentary methods have been used to closely follow and record the teachers in the teaching situation. A meaning-making dialogue was constructed afterwards where the teachers had the opportunity to view the recorded video sequences, and to articulate their interpersonal communication. The aim, from a relational perspective, is to provide extended understanding and knowledge of the teachers’ acknowledgement to students in situated teaching. The classroom study shows empirically how teachers relate to students and contributes to knowledge within the relational field, of value for both student teachers and teachers in practice. The study contributes to the field of inclusion by empirically exploring what Biesta describes as the incalculable. Teachers’ acknowledgement to students is explored by micro-analysis when, in a relational creating of meaning, the teachers search for Who the student is. The teachers create pedagogical meetings that embody a curiosity for unique children. The result highlights a moment of particular importance; at that second, when the new and incalculable emerges in the teaching moment, the teacher refrains from assessment, and listens and creates a space for the student to speak with her or his unique voice. In line with Lövlie’s tact the momentary teacher’s glance, tone of voice and gestures emerge as a sensuous aesthetic improvisation. The teacher’s pedagogical tact when meeting unique children can be understood as an incalculable tact, which cannot be planned. A pedagogical art form becomes visible as a creative process in teaching and reveals how the teacher’s pedagogical tact and tactfulness can create a space for the emergence of the student’s self. Hence, the teacher’s pedagogical tact can meet the incalculable and is of great importance in mathematics teaching. The study also provides an understanding that there are no relational differences between teachers’ pedagogical tact in relation to students’ different ages, different levels or different types of schooling. By highlighting existential dimensions, of what co-existence and co-operation as a teacher imply relationally, the microethnography brings out an essential pedagogical dimension for all teachers. The results further show the importance of respectful and trusting teacher-student relationships. The teachers have an open and tolerant pedagogical stance, where what the students bring forth that is new is embraced and can pass into the dialogue. Hence, in the maintaining of a teacher-student relationship a constant tactful act of balance is required from the teacher, in each situation. In the moment, a responsible stance appears where the teacher takes responsibility for both teaching and for their relationship to the student. Thus, students do not end up carriers of the difficulties of teaching. The study points toward the incalculable as a relational alternative, an unfinished process that teachers must live each day – a lived ethic. In accordance with the Convention on the Rights of the Child, the results of this study indicate a pedagogical responsible stance providing unique children opportunities to participate in democratic educational relationships.
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| 21. |
- Lundberg, Susanna, 1974-
(författare)
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"Vi kan ju sälja det övriga landet till hugade spekulanter" : om tillhörighet, gemenskaper och handlingsmöjligheter i en förändrad ekonomi
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this dissertation is to contribute to a deeper understanding of how the national community is reproduced and delineated in relation to class, gender and racialisation. It uses a qualitative methodology and interviews with people chosen to represent an economic margin, and is theoretically informed by Pierre Bourdieu, Beverly Skeggs and others. In interviewees’ accounts about work life and societal change, traces are found regarding how the national community is delineated, and how value for the community is claimed or denied.The main findings are that a national community is connected through the idea of value for the community, and that the dominating ideas concerning this value change over time in accordance with economic, political and discursive processes. Recognition is a condition for access to the labour market and for the right to contribute to the future of the community. The values and the community are not homogenous; there is room for competing values and thus competing ways of recognition.Those with less recognised resources get their value for the community questioned in relation to current hegemonic values. Adaptability to the needs of the labour market in terms of expectations of geographic flexibility and the right attitude are common demands that implicitly presumes economic and social resources.Misrecognition of resources and value also relate to the social process of racialisation. Whiteness can be regarded as the result of recognised national inclusion in a country such as Sweden where the ideal of light skin and blue eyes have gained hegemonic position through history. Class relations as well as male domination over women works through the same mechanisms of misrecognition and excluded experiences.
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| 22. |
- Mattsson, Torun
(författare)
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Expressiva dansuppdrag : utmanande läruppgifter i ämnet idrott och hälsa
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med föreliggande avhandling är att belysa och diskutera lärares och elevers meningsskapande processer när expressiva dansuppdrag iscensätts i skolämnet idrott och hälsa. Avhandlingen tar avstamp i pragmatismen och genom Deweys transaktionella perspektiv studeras lärares undervisning, elevers lärprocesser och expressiv dans som undervisningsinnehåll i en sammanhållen helhet. I en pedagogisk intervention deltog fyra lärare i ämnet idrott och hälsa samt 68 högstadieelever på en skola. Ett sammanhållet danstema med utgångspunkt i Rudolf Labans rörelseramverk skapades för att uppmärksamma rörelseupplevelser och estetiska uttryck. Multipla metoder i form av videoobservationer av undervisningen, intervjuer med lärarna och elevers narrativ i loggböcker användes för att belysa frågeställningarna från olika håll. Transaktionsbegreppet och praktisk epistemologisk analys (PEA) prövades för analyser av rörelsehandlingar och elevers texter. Begreppet risk användes för analyser av pedagogiska konsekvenser i undervisningen. Resultaten visar att lärarna förändrar sin undervisning och blir pedagoger som skapar förutsättningar för att utforska icke-förutbestämda rörelser i stället för instruktörer av danssteg. Lärarna utvecklar nya vanor som möjliggör nyanserade och differentierade samspel med miljön och förmåga att ta och hantera risker i undervisningen. Ett förändrat undervisningsinnehåll i form av expressiva dansuppdrag ger möjligheter att återinföra estetiska aspekter på rörelser och därigenom sätta fokus på rörelsers innebörd och mening. Lärarna upptäcker nya grupper av elever, de som vanligen inte dominerar idrottsundervisningen. Resultaten visar vidare att normer kring flickor och pojkars rörelser i ämnet idrott och hälsa rubbas när de deltar i expressiva dansuppdrag. Avhandlingen pekar på att kroppsliggörande är ett värdefullt kunnande och att Labans rörelseramverk ger lärare och elever verktyg och språk att tydliggöra lärandet i ämnet idrott och hälsa. Därtill är estetiska lärprocesser betydelsefulla i en kroppslig praktik för att bättre lära känna sig själv och andra. En utforskande undervisning i kombination med expressiva dansuppdrag kan utmana logiker av tävling och rangordning i ämnet idrott och hälsa.
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| 23. |
- Nordén, Birgitta
(författare)
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Learning and teaching sustainable development in global-local contexts
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overall aim of this thesis is to develop knowledge of teachingand learning sustainable development in global–local contexts. Theresearch field is global learning for sustainable development (GLSD).Phenomenographic approach and contextual analysis were used asmethods of analysis, and data was collected by Semi-structuredinterviews at secondary and upper secondary schools in Sweden.In Study I, a strategic and systematic literature review was conductedof recent trends and critique to the dominating rhetoric on policy levelconcerning global education and global learning on sustainabilityissues. The complexity represented in GLSD is of global interest toface current challenges. The global–local context and the process forglobal learning were characterised by the learner’s perspective andself-efficacy. The variation of ways in which contextual features wererevealed, affected how participants experienced their own learningglobal learning space. In Study II, empirical investigations were conducted of students’,teachers’, and head teachers’ conceptions of implementation of GLSD.Results indicate that critical knowledge capabilities were needed toact towards sustainability globally. Critical knowledge capabilitiesdeveloped in the processes were to take command and collaborateas a team. Capabilities that were identified as necessary but whichhad not been sufficiently developed were to be prepared, act in atransdisciplinary manner and lead for holistic understanding in thelearning process. Critical knowledge capabilities to handle complexknowledge were characterised by volition, self-directed learning, andknowledge formation. In Study III, a re-analysis was conducted of the data from StudyII. The results shed light on pertinent transition skills in GLSD:(I) transdisciplinary action via knowledge formation in actualpractices, (II) democratic collaborative action via processes ofunderstanding, respectively (III) self-directed learning and independentinitiative. These transition skills, enabling young people to beprepared for unpredictable changes, were perceived as key featuresin developing young people’s capability in an uncertain world. Theydeveloped worldview understanding, and advanced transformationcompetencies including critical reflections upon questions of currentnormativity. In Study IV, collaborative and transdisciplinary teaching with aglobal–local perspective was investigated in a study with teacherscommitted to global learning and sustainable development at anupper secondary school. Two main transdisciplinary teachingapproaches of GLSD were distinguished: Contributing: Assist andTake Part respectively Ownership: Possess and Reconceptualise.The contributing approach was divided into the sub-categories: (I)Disheartened, (II) Supportive, and (III) Complementing teachingapproaches; while the ownership approach comprised (IV) Decisive,and (V) Multi-dimensional teaching approaches. Various dimensions of the results appeared to be relevant forsustainability teaching and learning in global–local contexts, whenconnections between the studies were analysed in relation to the contextand the overarching aims of the thesis. Through transdisciplinaryteaching deep approaches to learning can be developed and Globalteaching for sustainable development (GTSD) could be advanced.Individual and collaborative learning characterised by selfdetermination,responsibility, and social readiness leading to actionemerged as key aspects At a global–local level, there is a growing need to develop competenciesand capabilities for transitions towards sustainability. Conflicts andclimate change are drastically increasing the number of displacedpeople who need transnational education on proactive preventivestrategies, as well as develop to critical knowledge capabilities that can be useful across numerous contexts and in the face of changingcircumstances. Increasingly, also young people need to manage theirown learning processes in self-directed learning, regardless of wherethey are physically or may move in their lifetimes. As established socialstructures struggle to address global challenges, people across theplanet need to be able to organise themselves and to take initiatives.
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| 24. |
- Pankratov, Dmitry
(författare)
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Self-charging biosupercapacitors
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The thesis is focused on an entirely new class of electric power biodevices –self-charging biosupercapacitors, or in other words, charge-storing biofuelcells. The power generating segments of these biodevices rely on differentredox enzymes electrically wired to electrode surfaces. Planar electrodes wereadditionally nanostructured by gold nanoparticles to increase the real surfacearea/enhance enzyme loading. Bilirubin oxidase was used as a cathodicbiocatalyst responsible for oxygen electroreduction, whereas cellobiosedehydrogenase and glucose dehydrogenase were exploited as anodicbioelements catalyzing electrooxidation of glucose. The charge-storingsegments of biosupercapacitors were based on different electroconductingpolymers, including carbon nanotube based nanocomposites, and osmiummodified redox hydrogels. The particular bioelectrodes were characterized indetail using scanning electron and atomic force microscopies, as well asvarious electrochemical techniques. Self-charging biosupercapacitors wereassembled and basic parameters of the biodevices, viz. open-circuit voltages,power and charge densities, and stability, were studied in continuous andpulse operating modes.
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| 25. |
- Rosenlund, David
(författare)
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History education as content, methods or orientation? : a study of curriculum prescriptions, teacher-made tasks and student strategies
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Historical content, historical methods and historical orientation are three aspects that may be included in history education. This study first examines the emphases which are included in formal curricula texts and then those which are included in teacher-made tasks. The results show that the curricula of history education includes historical content, orientation and methods, yet history teachers focus almost exclusively on the historical content. In a second step, this study examines the strategies with which students may process and combine elements from the three emphases of content, orientation and methods. The results provide insight into what strategies the students use and how they process the relationship between historical knowledge, historical methods and historical orientation.
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| 26. |
- Schlyter, Mona
(författare)
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Myocardial infarction personality factors, coping strategies, depression and secondary prevention
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- A longitudinal study with 400 patients diagnosed with myocardial infarction (MI) was conducted at the Cardiology department at Malmö University hospital in Sweden, between 2002 and 2005. The aim of the project was to identify personality and psychosocial factors, influencing patients’ actions and the prognoses after MI. The five factor model of personality, (measures on Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness), coping strategies, depressive symptoms, the impact on delay seeking emergency care, smoking habits and cardiac health care utilization were studied. This thesis reports the result from four papers. In paper I the aim was to investigate whether maladaptive behaviour in the serial Color Word Test (CWT) alone or in combination with any specific personality dimensions were associated with severity of the MI. The indicators of severity of disease were maximum levels above median of the cardiac biomarkers troponin I and creatine-kinase-MB (CKMB), Q-wave infarctions, and a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). The findings showed that maladaptive behaviour in combination with low scores on extraversion was associated with higher levels in cardiac biomarkers, following an MI. Another crucial factor for the prognoses and survival after a MI is early arrival to the emergency department and rapid intervention. In paper II we analysed the correlation of personality and psychosocial factors, with the time lag between the onset of coronary symptoms and seeking emergency hospital care. There was no significant conjunction in time delay and personality factors, coping strategies and depression. In paper III we examined whether personality traits, coping strategies and symptoms of depression were related to smoking cessation after an MI. Out of the 149 patients who smoked at baseline, 2 years follow-up data was available on 133 individuals, of these 44% (n=59) still smoked and 56% (n=74) had stopped smoking during the 2 years. Those who still smoked had lower score in the personality factor agreeableness, more lived alone and were unemployed in contrast to those who had stopped smoking. They also had significantly higher coping scores as confrontational behaviour. Finally, in paper IV we examined whether personality factors and depressive symptoms predicted cardiac health care utilization over the first two years after the MI event. Those MI patients showing traits of Neuroticism at baseline had significantly higher utilization at the out-patient cardiac clinic than those without. Individuals with a high score of depressive symptoms at baseline had instead a higher utilization of social workers and telephone contacts over the two year follow-up. In conclusion, we found that the personality factors extraversion, agreeableness and neuroticism were factors that had impact on MI severity, smoking cessation and out-patient clinic contacts, while delay in seeking acute care was not affected by personality factors, depression or coping strategies. Maladaptive behaviour and a confronting coping strategy influenced MI severity and smoking cessation 2 years after an MI. Taking personality factors and coping strategies more into consideration when caring for patients in cardiac rehabilitation might be indicated.
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| 27. |
- Simeone, Luca
(författare)
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Design Moves : translational processes and academic entrepreneurship in design labs
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This study investigates the relation between the design activity and entrepreneurial ambition of three academic labs: MIT Senseable City Lab, metaLAB (at) Harvard, and Medea at Malmö University. These labs are positioned at the borderland of academic research, as they operate in connection with external stakeholders (industry, NGOs, government institutions) through, for example, joint strategies of intellectual property management or the creation of start-ups. Various economic and social factors motivate the development of these collaborative spaces including the need for academia to secure alternative sources of funding and the political ambition to incorporate knowledge production into the existing value circuits of the market economy. In these spaces, stakeholders with varying interests, agendas, and power positions interact through what can be conflictual and tense processes. Through the combination of ethnographically inspired methods and a semiotic interpretative framework, the study explores how design practice contributes to value creation in entrepreneurial academic labs. It also focuses on the translation aspect of academic entrepreneurship as emerging from the interrelation of varying and transversal design moves and modes. Spatially dislocated and materially re-articulated within different contexts, the format of the lab actualizes diverse interpretative directions and shifts in meaning relating to multiple stakeholders at certain moments in time. While some moves were pulled toward a linear development process by logic aimed at creating products to be commercialized or publicly showcased, other design moves aimed to preserve complexity and redundancy and retained a high level of openness to external contributions. To varying extents, the three labs also activated and sustained the more ambiguous aspects of design as a translational practice. In a sense, these three academic labs exemplify in-between spaces that, within the context of the design projects studied, articulate a type of translational entrepreneurship which allows multiple stakeholders to retain their divergences while simultaneously building upon their convergences in coordinated action. This translation activity traveled nonlinear routes but was firmly anchored to what was found to be asymmetrical power dynamics and negotiation as well as certain alliances and actively sustained ambiguity.
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| 28. |
- Sjögren, Hanna
(författare)
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Sustainability for Whom? : The Politics of Imagining Environmental Change in Education
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Global initiatives regarding environmental change have increasingly become part of political agendas and of our collective imagination. In order to form sustainable societies, education is considered crucial by organizations such as the United Nations and the European Union. But how is the notion of sustainability imagined and formed in educational practices? What does sustainability make possible, and whom does it involve? These critical questions are not often asked in educational research on sustainability. This study suggests that the absence of critical questions in sustainability education is part of a contemporary post-political framing of environmental issues. In order to re-politicize sustainability in education, this study critically explores how education—as an institution and a practice that is supposed to foster humans—responds to environmental change. The aim is to explore how sustainability is formed in education, and to discuss how these formations relate to ideas of what education is, and whom it is for. This interdisciplinary study uses theories and concepts from cultural studies, feminist theory, political theory, and philosophy of education to study imaginaries of the unknown, nonhuman world in the context of education. The focus of the empirical investigation is on teacher education in Sweden, and more precisely on those responsible for teaching the future generations of teachers – the teacher instructors. With help from empirical findings from focus groups, the study asks questions about the ontological, political, and ethical potential and risk of bringing the unknown Other into education.
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| 29. |
- Vejzovic, Vedrana
(författare)
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Going trough a colonoscopy and living with inflammatory bowel disease : children's and parents' experiences and evaluation of the bowel cleansing quality prior to colonoscopy
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis focuses on children aged 10-18 years with symptoms of, ordiagnosed with, inflammatory bowel disease (henceforth referred to as IBD).Before the disease can be diagnosed, a child must undergo several procedures,with colonoscopy as an established investigation, including bowel cleansing,which is crucial for the safe examination of the intestine. The prevalence ofpaediatric IBD is increasing worldwide, which will augment the number ofpaediatric colonoscopies. When the recommended laxative polyethylene glycol(PEG) was used for bowel cleansing, the children and their accompanyingparents experienced the procedure as difficult due to the large volume of badtastingPEG. Once IBD is diagnosed, the children must undergo lifelongmedical treatment, which entails several follow-up colonoscopies.Furthermore, IBD is a chronic illness with an unpredictable activity patternthat can have a negative impact on the children’s quality of life. One of theaims of this thesis was to explore a child/child’s perspective of going through acolonoscopy and child’s perspective of living with IBD. A further aim was toinvestigate whether sodium picosulphate (NaPico) can be used as an adequatealternative when the bowel is cleansed prior to colonoscopy in children.Three of the studies were interview studies (Papers I, II, & IV) with childrenand parents as participants. The data from 17 children and 12 parents (PapersI & II) was analysed using content analysis, and a phenomenologicalhermeneutic method was used when 7 children (Paper IV) were interviewed.The children’s experiences prior to colonoscopy (Paper I) were identified asbelonging to an overall theme, A private affair, which could be divided intofour categories: Preparing yourself, Mastering the situation, Reluctantlyparticipating, and Feeling emotional support. The result from the parents’ experiences when their child is undergoing an elective colonoscopy wasstructured into one theme, Charged with conflicting emotions, with threecategories: Being forced to force, Losing one’s sense of being a parent, andStanding without guidance (Paper II). The initial findings from these empirical studies undertaken served as apreparation for another study, aimed at comparing the quality of bowelcleansing using either PEG or sodium picosulphate (NaPico) in relation to thetolerability and acceptance of the laxatives among children and theiraccompanying parents (Paper III). This study was a randomised controlledtrial (RCT) that was conducted as an investigator-blinded study within theDepartment of Paediatrics at a university hospital in Sweden(www.clinicaltrials.gov, identifier NCT02009202). A total of 72 children wererandomly placed into one of two groups (PEG or NaPico). The Ottawa BowelPreparation Quality Scale (OBPQS) was used to evaluate the quality of thebowel cleansing. Two different questionnaires were used to evaluate both theacceptability and the tolerability of the laxatives. In total, 67 protocols wereanalysed according to the OBPQS. No significant difference in bowelcleansingquality was detected between the two groups. However, rates ofacceptability and tolerability were significantly higher in the NaPico group than in the PEG group, according to both the children and the parents. Finally, in order to illuminate the meaning of children’s lived experience ofIBD, an interview study with seven children was conducted. The meaning oftheir lived experience of IBD was interpreted as A daily struggle to adapt andto be perceived as normal. This interpretation was discussed in relation toIngmar Pörn’s theory of adaptedness (Paper IV). The findings point to the conclusion that both children’s and parents’perspectives are important, in order to improve the paediatric colonoscopy.The children (10-18 years) with symptoms of, or diagnosed with, IBD werereluctant to talk about their problems, including colonoscopy. However, theywere willing to share their experiences in order to help other children withsimilar problems, or in order to influence and improve paediatric care. Itemerged that both children and parents need to feel confident in their dealingswith healthcare professionals and to feel that healthcare professionals taketheir opinions seriously when preparing the child for colonoscopy. It is also important that the children have the opportunity to choose thebowel-cleansing protocol. NaPico can be recommended as the option forbowel cleansing in children aged 10 years and older. The meaning that can beextracted from the children’s experience of IBD is that they are struggling toadapt and to be perceived as normal. This is a conscious process entailing aconfrontation with various problems, such as ambitions and goals that arehard to achieve, due to reduced abilities resulting from the illness or from aninsufficiently adapted environment.
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