| 1. |
- Alshammari, Hatem
(författare)
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Antimicrobial potential of strontium against bacteria associated with peri-implantitis
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Dental implants are nowadays a standard treatment to replace missing teeth and restore function and aesthetics. However, biological complications associated with implants, e.g., peri-implant infections, are common and jeopardize the success of treatment. The main aim of this thesis was to explore strontium (Sr) as a possible prevention strategy against peri-implant infections, since Sr has been shown to have antibacterial action and also to promote titanium (Ti) implant osseointegration. In this thesis, a systematic appraisal of the literature about the antimicrobial potential of Sr-functionalized Ti surfaces for oral applications was performed, and was followed by a series of in vitro studies assessing the antimicrobial potential of Sr against micro-organisms associated with peri-implantitis.In Study I, the systematic appraisal of the literature resulted in an initial list of 1081 potentially relevant publications, where from nine publications from in vitro studies met the inclusion criteria. Most of the included studies showed that Sr-functionalized Ti exerted a limited immediate (i.e., 24 h) antimicrobial effect, likely due to a low Sr ion release; a relevant antimicrobial effect and biofilm inhibition potential against Streptococcus aureus was observed at both early and late timepoints, with an adequate Sr ion release.Study II assessed, in vitro, five different concentrations of soluble Sr(OH)2 (100, 10, 1, 0.1, and 0.01 mM) against 6 different mono-species bacteria (Streptococcusmitis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Escherichia coli, and Fusobacterium nucleatum) in terms of cell growth, minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), and biofilm viability. In the agar diffusion test, zones of inhibition were only observed for 0.01, 0.1, and 1 mM of Sr(OH)2 against P. gingivalis. Growth inhibition in planktonic cultures was achieved at 10 mM for all species tested. In the biofilm viability assay, 10 and 100 mM Sr(OH)2 showed potent bactericidal effect against S. mitis, S. epidermidis, A. actinomycetemcomitans, E. coli, and P. gingivalis. It was thus concluded that Sr(OH)2 has antimicrobial properties against bacteria associated with peri-implantitis.Study III assessed the in vitro early- and late bacteriostatic and bactericidal effect of Sr-functionalized wafers on bacteria associated with peri-implantitis (E. coli,S. aureus, Streptococcus oralis, Actinomyces naeslundii, Parvimonas micra, P.gingivalis and F. nucleatum) as mono-species after 2 and 24 hours, and as multispecies at day 1, 3, and 6. Sr-functionalized wafers, compared to Ti controls, were associated with statistically significant less viable cells in both mono- and multispecies tests. Number of colony forming units (CFUs) within the biofilm were significantly higher in Ti wafers, compared to Sr-functionalized wafers, for S. aureus at all time-points of evaluation and for E. coli at day 1. Gingipain activity was higher in Ti wafers compared to Sr-functionalized ones, and the qPCR showed that P. gingivalis comprised 15% of the total biofilm on Ti wafers at day 6, while it remained below detection levels at Sr-coated wafers.In Study IV, the impact of Ti surface roughness (turned vs moderately rough) on the antimicrobial effect of Sr on bacterial associated with peri-implantitis (S. oralis, P. micra, A. naeslundii, F. nucleatum, P. gingivalis, S. aureus, and E. coli), grown in different multispecies consortia, was assessed in vitro. Bacterial viability and biofilm formation, and well as, proteolytic activity of P. gingivalis were assessed at day 1, 3, and 6. Sr-functionalized surfaces were associated with statistically significant reduction in number of viable cells compared to nonfunctionalized surface at all times of investigation for all multispecies tested. Higher proteolytic activity of P. gingivalis was found at non-functionalized Ti disks compared to Sr-functionalized ones. Sr-functionalised surfaces were associated with notable growth inhibition of both E. coli and S. aureus, while P. gingivalis remined undetected at all time points of evaluation on all disks. The turned surface had a slightly higher release of Sr ion compared with the moderately rough surface in the first 24 hours, while both surfaces showed a sustained release for up to 15 days.Overall, the data generated with this series of projects indicate Sr surfaces exerts an antimicrobial potential on bacteria associated with peri-implantitis and it is worthwhile to further explore the potential of Sr-functionalized Ti in the prevention of peri-implant infections.
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| 2. |
- Anderlini, Michel Vincent, 1985-
(författare)
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The Mundane Face of Europeanization : Norm Implementation through Expert Interactions in Georgia 2012-2020
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Numerous studies, using the Europeanization theoretical framework, have looked into why and how EU-supported norms and policies are adopted in non EU-Member States, focusing either on the mechanisms through which they are diffused or on the local actors' responses to such demands. However, the practical implementation of such norms and policies in third countries has only received modest attention in academic and policy-related studies. Indeed, the “law in the books” is not necessarily the “law in action”. Going beyond the top-down approach that have extensively characterized Europeanization studies, this dissertation will operate a return to the “mundane face” of Europeanization and looks into how expert interactions matter for EU law implementation. It shows that those experts are highly enthusiast and willing to implement EU demands and adapted them to fit in their domestic context. They act as policy champions and show high degrees of policy saliency when fulfilling their tasks. Nevertheless, those champions operate in a difficult administrative and political environment that complicates EU law compliance, with low administrative capacity, high degree of staff turn-over, shortages of knowledgeable staff and political actors that might hinder EU law implementation if it is too costly or in contradiction with domestic vested interests.
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| 3. |
- Bauer, Peter, 1992-
(författare)
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När slutar invandrarna vandra? : Integrationsfrågan i statlig, kommunal och skolpolitisk diskurs 1967–2000
- 2023
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- During the last three decades of the 20th century Swedish immigrant policy went through a profound change. In the late 1960s immigrant policy were based on assimilation but during the 1970’s and 1980’s this policy was exchanged to multicultural guidelines. These multicultural guidelines were however abandoned in the late 1990s when integration became a key word in the debate about immigrants. This thesis investigates how these changes were made possible by a shifting understanding of immigrants in state and local discourse (the last represented by Malmö municipality) by operationalizing Carol Lee Bacchis What’s the problem represented to be analysis. Previous research has shown that the social category of immigrants during the first six decades of the 20th century understood immigrants as a threat towards the Swedish race and later the welfare state. From this perspective immigrant policy can be seen as the result of the creation of a problematized immigrant subject, a tendency that is also the case for later decades. The investigation shows that immigrants in the early 1970’s were mainly understood from a class and welfare perspective. During this period immigrants were seen as a threat towards the social cohesion of the welfare state as well as the social democratic ambitions of a raised standard of living for the working class. This understanding led to the development of a multicultural policy where immigrant culture was supported within state and local politics and by structural changes in the education system, aiming to include the category in civic life and improve their living conditions. In the years between 1976 and 1985 the understanding of immigrants however changed. During this period immigrants became increasingly problematized for their lack of employment and a cultural difference. During the end of this period the multicultural policy changed from an emphasis on culture as a resource for social inclusion to that some parts of of a Swedish identity were not subject of choice. Furthermore, this period also lead to increased efforts at the individual level, were the policy aimed to give individual immigrants increased chances at the labor market. During the last fifteen years the 20th century immigrant policy became increasingly politicized, and immigrants became understood as radically culturally different from swedes. In this period immigrant culture were constructed as oppressive towards women and outdated when compared to the modern Swedish culture. Furthermore, the notion of immigrants as unemployed from previous decades continued to play an important part and immigrants were also conceived as living segregated. This view resulted in the creation of integration policies aiming to not handle immigrants as a from the general population different group. Instead, immigrants should become integrated in Swedish society through the general welfare with an emphasis that not all parts of a Swedish identity were choose able.The result of the investigation show that European culture became increasingly normative in the development of Swedish migrant policy, thus excluding European immigrants from the problematized immigrant subject. Thereby the globalization of migration towards Sweden led to a development were immigrant policy shifted focus from class to cultural perspectives.
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| 4. |
- Cederhag, Josefine
(författare)
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Radiographic imaging in relation to the mandibular third molar : tooth characteristics, modality choice, optimization, and absorbed dose
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Radiographic imaging of the mandibular third molar (M3) is a valuable diagnostic tool. It provides information on tooth position, root morphology, and relations to surrounding anatomical structures that facilitates diagnosis and treatment planning. Three modalities are commonly used in dentistry: intraoral and panoramic radiography, and cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Over time, panoramic radiography became a justified choice in most cases of M3 removal. In the last decade, a three-dimensional (3D) alternative, CBCT, has seen increasing use. The advantages of 3D come at the cost of higher radiation doses and societal expense. The four studies in this thesis originated from current knowledge gaps and clinical needs.The use of panoramic radiography for evaluating the M3 and its relation to the inferior alveolar nerve (IAN) is well-established practice; however, its application has declined over time, possibly due to the rising popularity of CBCT imaging. Thus, it is of interest to investigate the suitability of panoramic imaging of the M3. Choice of imaging modality is important from dose delivery and socioeconomic standpoints. A survey of clinician experiences and preferences in imaging modalities for pre-surgical analysis was needed.In diagnostic imaging, the common goal is to reduce radiation exposure to the lowest threshold that still delivers reliable diagnostic information. Due to the growing use of CBCT, there is a need to optimize exposure settings and use reliable measurement methods in dosimetric analysis. Nevertheless, for the M3, the present literature has neither evaluated a low-dose protocol in a clinical setting nor compared the standard method of measuring absorbed dose in dental CBCT with an alternative method.This thesis is based on the following papers:Paper I, an observational study, evaluated M3 characteristics and IAN relation, incidental findings, and image quality regarding patient positioning on 442 panoramic radiographs. Key findings: A majority of M3s were erupted and vertically positioned, regardless of age. The IAN was located inferior to the roots in just over half of the cases; an overlapping position was most common if the tooth was retained or semi-retained, or patient age less than 30 years. Frequent incidental findings were apical radiolucencies, idiopathic osteosclerosis, and tooth fragments. Patient positioning was suboptimal in one-third of the radiographs; common errors included patient placement posterior to the image layer and an upward-tilted head. Paper II was a web-based questionnaire sent to general dentists and to residents and specialists in oral and maxillofacial surgery. The survey comprised multiple-choice questions with four M3 cases depicted in images. Key findings: A majority of respondents received a report within 2 weeks of their CBCT referral and would read it and view the images before surgery; one-third did not. Panoramic radiographs were the preferred modality in pre-surgical planning; differences between professions were significant. Panoramic radiographs and CBCT were seen as facilitating treatment planning, and CBCT as also reducing post-operative complications. CBCT tended to be preferred in more complex M3 cases. Paper III was a clinical trial investigating an alternative, low-dose CBCT protocol with lower tube current than the default protocol. After justification for CBCT, 48 patients (62 M3s) referred for a pre-surgical investigation were recruited. Two scans of each site were made using the two protocolsKey findings: No significant differences occurred in visibility of root and mandibular canal relationship and proximity, root morphology, and possible root resorption of the second molar. Visibility of the periodontal ligament was significantly better in default images. Subjective image quality in low-dose images (60% less radiation) was acceptable in most cases. Paper IV was a laboratory study comparing two dosimeters in a CBCT scan of the M3 region. Five slices of an anthropomorphic phantom were prepared with thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD-100) at 75 sites and covered with Gafchromic film LD-V1. Key findings: Point dose measurements at all TLD sites correlated well with doses measured on film; agreement was better at lower doses. Minimum and maximum doses on film versus at TLD sites deviated greatly on all slices and for several organs. To conclude, panoramic radiography is useful in evaluating M3 and IAN relationships. Clinicians consider pre-surgical information to differ depending on imaging modality; modality preference seems to depend on case complexity. Optimized CBCT protocols can be used for the M3. Gafchromic film is a favorable alternative in dental CBCT dosimetry
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| 5. |
- Cinthio, Hanna
(författare)
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Rörelser i gränslandet : om komplexa hedersnormer och samhälleliga markeringar
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Avhandlingen bygger på två separata delstudier förenade av den övergripande tematiken hedersnormer. Ur ett fenomenologiskt livsvärldsperspektiv undersöks tankar och erfarenheter i två olika grupper. Den första delstudien bygger på djupintervjuer med 15 ungdomar som lever i kontexter där familjegemenskap, socialt anseende och kvinnlig kyskhet ges stor betydelse, och där föreställningar kopplade till detta präglar deras vardag och handlingsutrymme. Ungdomarna har olika etnisk och religiös bakgrund men har vuxit upp i samma bostadsområde. Med sex av dem har uppföljande intervjuer gjorts efter några år. Delstudie nummer två har genomförts i samverkan med Kriminalvården. Den omfattar en analys av 64 domar varur olika grad av hedersrelaterade omständigheter kunnat utläsas, samt djupintervjuer med 13 personer dömda för brott som av myndighetens personal bedömts ha koppling till hedersnormer. Även här varierar etnisk och religiös bakgrund såväl som brottstyper och strafftider. Två av de dömda klienterna har intervjuats vid mer än ett tillfälle. I intervjuerna berörs upplevelser av normer och normkonflikter kring olika fenomen som familjelojalitet, värdering och reglering av relationer och sexualitet, kön och könsroller, våld, (icke-)svenskhet etc. Berättelserna beskriver ett invecklat spänningsfält mellan å ena sidan individuell frihet och autonomi och å andra sidan betydelsen av grupptillhörighet och kollektiv identitet. Gemensamt för båda grupper är att de lever i sammansatta världar där hederns betydelse förvisso är påtaglig men samtidigt svår att urskilja från andra påverkansfaktorer. I de uppföljande intervjuerna kan förändringar i normerna både på individ- och familjenivå skönjas över tid. Hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck har varit en uttalad angelägenhet för den svenska staten under flera decennier. Frågan har laddats med betydelse på olika plan och lett till konflikter och positioneringar i den akademiska världen såväl som i politik och praktik. Under åren har kontexten kring forskningsfrågorna förändrats genom sociala skeenden och politiska åtgärder i syfte att bekämpa problematiken. Detta syns bland annat i reformerna av lagstiftningen, där nya brottsrubriceringar med särskild inriktning på heder tillkommit, samt i nya formuleringar om ansvar för att motverka hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck i grund- och gymnasieskolans läroplaner. Därmed blir det intressant att resonera kring hur samhällets försök att komma tillrätta med hedersproblematiken kan förstås utifrån det empiriska underlaget, det vill säga rösterna från personer som själva på olika sätt lever eller har levt i kontexter präglade av hedersnormer. Avhandlingen utmynnar således i en diskussion kring hur systemnivån i form av samhälleliga intentioner och interventioner förhåller sig till nyanserna i de berördas livsvärldar. Några av de drag som framstår är att problematiken inte är enkel att förstå och tolka, och att hedern som fenomen är svår att särskilja och ringa in på det sätt som lagar och styrdokument kräver. Genom avhandlingen belyses att hedersrelaterat våld och förtryck förvisso är en allvarlig problematik som behöver mötas av insatser på många olika nivåer, men att det är fråga om ett komplext fenomen som innebär en utmaning för många olika verksamheter vad gäller både förståelse och hantering, och som kräver ett relationellt och dialogbaserat förhållningssätt med de målgrupper som berörs.
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| 6. |
- Correa M., Yubexi Y.
(författare)
-
Role of lipoprotein structure and dynamics in disease development : from atherosclerosis to Covid-19
- 2023
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Lipoproteins play a crucial role in lipid metabolism, serving as carriers for lipids such as cholesterol and triglycerides in the bloodstream. Atherosclerosis is a complex cardiovascular disease characterized by the accumulation of cholesterol-rich plaques in arterial walls, leading to narrowed and hardened arteries. Recently, the spike protein from the SARS-CoV-2 virus, responsible for COVID-19, has been the subject of research concerning its potential impact on lipid metabolism and its association with cardiovascular disease. Understanding the interaction between lipoproteins and the spike protein influence on lipid metabolism could have implications for our knowledge of cardiovascular health.In this research, we investigated the ultrastructure of HDL from individuals with different lipid profiles as well as the interaction of mature HDL and model of nascent HDL with model membranes. Understanding these differences will help create novel rHDL particles with superior lipid-removing and CVD-treating properties. Finally, the interaction between the spike protein and HDL in model cell membranes to study potential imbalances in lipid metabolism. To achieve the different objectives, lipid deposition, exchange and removal were followed by techniques such as Neutron reflection and attenuated total reflection Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy while, the ultrastructure was unravelled by small-angle X-ray scattering.
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| 7. |
- Farkas, Johan
(författare)
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This Is Not Real News : Discursive Struggles over Fake News, Journalism, and Democracy
- 2023
-
Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Fake news has attracted significant global attention and contestation in recent years. This PhD thesis explores the explosive and oftentimes contradictory rise of fake news and dives into the discursive struggles around journalism, politics, digital media, and liberal democracy that have emerged in its wake. Through a series of interrelated publications – spanning more than five years of research – the thesis examines how and with what consequences journalistic and political actors articulate and dispute the very meaning of fake news. Through a careful and critical mapping of the discursive signification of fake news, the thesis does not only situate the issue in wider political and historical contexts; it also draws out and reflects upon its implications for the future of liberal democracies. Deploying detailed empirical investigations based on news content, textual analysis, and qualitative interviews, the thesis sheds light on discursive struggles around fake news within a number of distinct socio-political contexts. It dives into cases from the US and UK, where fake news first rose to prominence in 2016, as well as from Denmark, where fake news has increasingly become a topic of journalistic and political concern. Drawing on the ontological and conceptual framework of discourse theory, the thesis demonstrates how fake news has come to function as a floating signifier; it is a deeply political concept mobilised within conflicting hegemonic projects with fundamentally different forms of meaning. Having done so, the thesis goes on to show that fake news has not only become central in debates around lies and falsehoods but also for conflicting visions about what ‘politics,’ ‘journalism,’ and ‘liberal democracy’ fundamentally are and ought to be. Indeed, the core argument levelled in this thesis is that fake news has come to function as a prism through which wider struggles over liberal democracy and human co-habitation have become visible at a time of growing political instability. Taken together, the findings offered by the thesis contribute to the field of media and communication studies by addressing a pertinent gap regarding the discursive signification of fake news. Connecting the rise of fake news to structural transformations at the heart of both contemporary media landscapes and liberal democracy, the thesis moves beyond formalistic conceptions of fake news and into the highly conflictual terrain surrounding the concept.
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| 8. |
- Flädjemark, Ulrika, 1962-
(författare)
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Viljan att vara reko : biopolitik och professionsetik – rehabkoordineringens janusansikte
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Rehabiliteringskoordinator (reko) har tillkommit som en ny, lagstadgad funktion i linje med att göra arbetsåtergång för sjukskrivna ett prioriterat område inom vården. Reko har som uppgift att stödja patienten, samordna den interna organiseringen i sjukskrivningsprocessen samt samverka med externa aktörer; såsom arbetsgivare och Försäkringskassans handläggare. Den förgivettagna metaforen är att rehabkoordinatorn agerar som ”spindeln-i-nätet” för att åstadkomma detta.Avhandlingen syftar till att studera rehabkoordinatorn i sjukskrivningsprocessen inom ramen för organisations- och professionsstudier. Utifrån syftet har två huvudsakliga frågeställningar formulerats; hur rehabkoordinatorns roll och funktion synliggörs i en vårdprofessionskontext, samt hur rehabkoordinatorn framstår som organisatorisk subjektivitet i förhållande till funktionens uppdrag. Avhandlingens teoretiska referensramar utgår från Michel Foucaults politiska filosofi med governmentality i förgrunden.Avhandlingens 19 semi-strukturerade intervjuer med rehabkoordinatorer har tillsammans med observationer samt offentliga dokument där rehabkoordinatorns arbetsuppgifter beskrivs, analyserats med tematisk nätverksanalys. I analysen har ett abduktivt förhållningssätt med utgångspunkt i en dispositiv analytisk strategi använts. Analysen visar att funktionen är otydlig i den dagliga verksamheten. Rehabkoordinatorn upplever oklarheter i hur uppdraget ska utformas, vilket även uttrycks i förhållande till hur lokal verksamhetsledning och kollegor uppfattar uppdraget. Otydligheten till trots uttalas en vilja att hjälpa och stödja patienten. Därmed skapar otydligheten och den goda viljans produktiva makt i förhållande till hur rehabkoordinatorn väljer att agera i rollen, två röda trådar som går hand i hand och interagerar med varandra.I styrande dokument framställs att vårdprofessionslogiken med dess intuitiva individcentrering och biopolitisk logik som övergripande legal styrning, enkelt kan sammanföras i en och samma roll vilket ger sken av ett rehabkoordineringens janusansikte som är oproblematiskt. Janusansiktets dubbelnatur kräver emellertid ett tydliggörande. Tydliggörande kommer till stånd genom att rehabkoordinatorn använder olika strategier, t ex genom klädsel och att använda rumslighet på ett sätt som koordinatorn finner lämpligt med utgångspunkt i den personliga tolkningen av hur rollen ska iscensättas. Att utarbeta strategier avseende hur rollen ska agera i förhållande till övriga vårdprofessioner, företrädesvis läkaren, är andra sätt att skapa tydlighet. Med utgångspunkt i offentliga dokument emotses ett görande från rehabkoordinatorns sida som överför en förväntad normering till patienten och övriga inom vårdorganisationen på ett sätt som gör att patienten förstår sitt eget bästa och agerar därefter. Rehabkoordinatorn formar i rollen som subjekt hur funktionen kommer att ta sitt uttryck genom följsamhet eller motstånd mot den förväntade normering som råder i styrande dokument. I subjektiveringsprocessen väljer rehabkoordinator som individ med vilket vetande i förgrunden som agerandet utövas och genom detta, hur subjektivitet formas. Andra metaforer än den förgivettagna spindeln-i-nätet ger här en bild av hur rollen formas; till exempel att agera detektiv, ventil, lots, brygga.Avhandlingen bidrar till förståelse hur statlig övergripande styrning konstituerar självstyrning och formering av organisatoriska subjektiviteter. I det här fallet det formande som rehabkoordinatorn uttrycker genom den subjektivitet som iscensätts för att klargöra otydligheten som kan ses ur två perspektiv, som möjliggörande och som hindrande. För att otydligheten inte ska leda till rolloklarhet behöver en dubbelriktad kommunikation komma till stånd inom vårdorganisationen – med chefer och med kollegor – med utgångspunkt i att tala klarspråk om det kontroversiella i rehabkoordinatoruppdraget där agerandet förväntas styras av det försäkringsmedicinska paradigmet.
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| 9. |
- Gegner, Harald, 1973-
(författare)
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Statlig kunskapsstyrning : regionala utvecklingsledare i styrning av socialtjänstens barnavård
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Consisting of four scientific papers and a comprehensive overview, this thesis concerns governance in and of social work. More specifically, it studies governing of knowledge in social service with children and youth. Through the growing focus on evidence-based social work since 2000, state governing of knowledge has become an increasingly established concept. In general terms, it refers to the national level’s efforts to govern based on knowledge in order to solve social services’ ”knowledge problems”. However, there are more aspects to state governing of knowledge. Thus, this thesis focuses on the doing of such governance – a praxis that involves actors at national, regional and municipal levels. Here, regional development leaders in social service with children and youth are one of the central actors; consequently, they constitute the empirical focus of the thesis when analysing the doing of governing of knowledge. The aim of this study is to describe and analyse how state governing of knowledge is conducted by examining how development leaders perceive and concretise the task of governing of knowledge in social service’s childcare. The overall questions are as follows: 1. How do regional development leaders in social service with children and youth perceive and interpret the EBP knowledge model in relation to their task? 2. How do regional development leaders act when they govern with knowledge within social service? 3. What characterizes the professional practice of regional development leaders, and how can we understand it in the context of governance?Data have been collected through individual interviews and focus group interviews with 28 regional development leaders. In addition, the empirical material includes a field study with participant observations during network meetings and a questionnaire survey with 29 development leaders. The data have been analysed from three theoretical perspectives: governance as floating signifier, governance as joint doing, and governance as a relational exercise of power. The first perspective, governance as floating signifier, implies that governance changes over time, both in terms of how it can be understood and how it is applied. The second perspective, governance as joint doing, refers to governance as it takes place in and through interaction between actors involved in governance. Here, we can note a mutual influence between those who govern and those who are being governed. The third perspective focuses on power as a central element of governance and how it is constructed in a relational interaction between actors who are part of a common context of governance.The analysis shows that the ambiguity that surrounds state governing of knowledge creates a discretion for interpretation and action. This gives development leaders the opportunity to saturate their work with their own content, depending on the purpose and context, which is very much about developing and organising social work in social services. Working with development, change and innovation is thus of importance in the governing of knowledge of social service with children and youth. In carrying out their tasks, development leaders combine hierarchical top-down management with horizontal, relational management. This becomes evident in the development leaders’ choice of governance practices, which involves networking with managers in senior positions who have a mandate to make decisions. The interaction between development leaders and managers is characterised by mutual influence, which results in development leaders sacrificing certain areas of their mission in favour of activities that managers consider important to implement. Such governance praxis is likely to have implications for the outcomes of governing of knowledge. The establishment of the development leader as an actor in the governing of social work can be understood as a reaction to changing institutional conditions for the management and organisation of the public sector. The work of development leaders is characterised by a hybridised professional practice: they integrate seemingly incompatible logics and thus have to manage different tensions in a professional role, which is probably a prerequisite for navigating complex governing tasks.
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| 10. |
- Hall, Emma
(författare)
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Mellan rörelse och stillhet : minne och flykt i unga människors berättande 2009-2021.
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The purpose of this thesis is to highlight young people’s experiences of forced migration along irregular migration routes and to examine how they understand themselves in relation to different contexts in time and space. The participants consist of young people with experience of forced migration and of being categorized as ”ensamkommande barn” (unaccompanied minors) upon arrival in Sweden. Using oral and written sources, the thesis explores what and how they remember. The theoretical perspectives are connected by movement as an overarching metaphor. Movement refers to the physical movements made by the participants as well as the assumption that movement characterizes the process of remembering. This is connected to oral history theory and method and the exploration of the past as well as the relationship between past and present in everyday lives. The thesis also leans on several theoretical perspectives from cultural memory studies, which highlight the process in which an individual memory is shaped and reshaped depending on social context and over time. In order to explore how the participants remember different places and times, from origin to destination, a systems approach to migrant trajectories has been applied as a heuristic tool.The analysis shows that there are shared historical contexts despite the fact that the participants make a heterogenous group. During the period of investigation, migration to and within Europe has been characterized by restrictions and control. This means that the participants have travelled via irregular routes, and they have been confronted with strict border controls. When the participants arrived in Sweden, migration policy underwent significant changes that led to consequences for the participants themselves. Furthermore, those labelled ”ensamkommande barn” were at the center of the migration policy debate in the wake of the so called ”refugee crisis” in 2015. An important conclusion in this dissertation is that to a large extent, movements in time and space have led to a development of how the participants understand themselves. In addition to movements over time, shifts in social contexts bring changes to what and how the participants remember. To conclude, this thesis contributes to research on ”ensamkommande barn” as it illuminates the different ways in which the participants understand themselves and experience a sense of belonging. Another contribution is the thesis' approach to historical contextualization and the understanding of the participants as actors in relation to larger historical change.
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| 11. |
- Hamidi, Zahra
(författare)
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Examining Inequalities in Cycling Motility : A Pathway Towards Cycling Justice
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Realizing the environmental and social benefits of cycling requires effective policies that deliver increased and inclusive cycling. This thesis aims to contribute to the development of such policies by providing insights into what could make cycling achievable for more diverse social groups through engaging with theoretical perspectives from transport geography, the mobilities paradigm and social justice. In doing so the thesis examines the various elements that constitute an individual’s potential to use a bicycle and the connected inequalities.The thesis employs conceptions of accessibility and motility in combination with measures of inequality to examine the socio-spatial inequalities in cycling potentials. The first paper designs a new composite indicator based on Theil’s index of inequality and accessibility measures to study inequalities in bike-and-ride opportunities in Malmö. The second paper develops a quantitative operationalization of cycling motility by applying GIS-based and statistical analyses to empirical data collected using a survey study. Specifically, cycling motility is operationalized along three dimensions of access, competence, and appropriation. This is done by measuring cycling-related material and nonmaterial, as well as objective and subjective factors related to individuals and their social, cultural, and geographical environment.The subsequent papers put the concept of cycling motility in practice. The third paper builds on the approach developed in the second paper and examines inequalities in the cycling motility across different social groups from the three-dimensional justice lens of Nancy Fraser. Finally, the fourth paper provides insights into the relationships between individuals’ cycling motility and their realized mobility. The empirical findings highlight that such relationships vary across three urban contexts of Malmö, Gothenburg, and Beijing. Overall, the findings support that the operationalization of cycling motility is useful for studying individuals’ cycling potentials and capturing the connected between-individual differences, thereby helpful for development of policies that could realize the social and environmental potentials of cycling.
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| 12. |
- Hawthan, Mohammed
(författare)
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On failures and complications of tooth-supported fixed prostheses
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Loss of tooth structure or loss of the tooth may affect masticatory function, phonetics, a person´s appearance, and might ultimately impair quality of life. Fixed prosthetic rehabilitation in the form of either fixed dental prosthesis (FDP)or single crown (SC) is a reliable treatment alternative to restore lost functions. Tooth-supported fixed prosthetic restorations (FDPs, SCs) are influenced by multiple combined general and local factors that may affect the risk of complication and failure. Recognizing risk factors is important in treatment planning, and will help the clinician optimize treatment outcomes. This will also be beneficial for both the patient and society from a cost-effective aspect, as a reduction in complications and failures reduces costs. Several factors have been suggested to impact the survival and failure rates of FDPs and SCs, but there is still limited evidence concerning the clinical outcomes of FDPs and SCs when subjected to a combination of multiple factors in a clinical setting. The aim of the present thesis was to evaluate whether the survival and failure rates of full-coverage tooth-supported fixed prosthetic restorations (FDPs, SC) are influenced by general and/or local factors. This thesis is based on a systematic review (Paper I) and three retrospective studies (Papers II, III, and IV). In Study I, PubMed, Web of Science and ScienceDirect databases were searched and manual searches were conducted to identify clinical human studies reporting on full-coverage tooth-supported FDPs and SCs. Cumulative survival rate (CSR) was calculated over the maximal period of follow-up reported, in a life-table survival analysis. Seventeen studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The highest 5-year survival rate was observed for all-ceramic and metal–ceramic SCs on vital teeth 97.8% (95%CI [97.1– 98.5%]), and all-ceramic SCs on non-vital teeth with fiber post 99.1% (95% CI [97.7– 100.4%]). Metal–ceramic SCs on vital teeth 97.5% (95% CI[96.8–98.3%]) showed a statistically significant higher estimated 5-year survival rate compared to metal–ceramic SCs with cast metal post 94.5% (95% CI [93.3–95.8%], p <0.001) and fiber post 95.1% (95% CI [93.4–96.6%], p <0.007), respectively. For FDPs, the 5-year survival rate was higher for metal–ceramic FDPs on vital abutments 96.9% (95% CI [95.5–98.4%]), compared to FDPs retained by non-vital abutment(s) with cast metal posts 94.3% (95% CI [89.3–99.3%]). The difference was not statistically significant. Tooth vitality is suggested to contribute positively to the survival of SCs. The results are, however, limited by the small number of studies and the presence of uncontrolled cofounding clinical variables. In the retrospective studies II, III, and IV, dental records archives and the digital journals of all patients at the Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Sweden were reviewed to identify patients rehabilitated with full-coverage toothsupported FDPs and SCs. Cox regression was used to evaluate the associations between clinical covariates and prosthesis failure. The CSR was similar for FDPs and SCs after 5 years of function. CSR was higher for SCs compared to FDPs after 10, 15, and 20 years of function. Smoking, type of prosthesis material, and bruxism significantly influenced the survival of FDPs, whereas abutment vitality, position of the non-vital abutment, or prosthesis length did not show any significant influence on the occurrence of FDP failure. The survival of SC was influenced by anterior placement, non-vital abutments, and bruxism, while the patient’s age and sex, the location of the crowns in relation to the jaws, the type of tooth, the presence of post and core, and the type of crown material, treatment providers, or smoking did not show significant effects on the survival of SC.In summary, within the limitations of the review and retrospective studies, bruxism, smoking, and type of prosthesis material are suggested to contribute toFDP failure. Anterior placement, non-vital abutments, and bruxism are factors increasing the rate of SC failure.
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| 13. |
- Hedemyr, Marika
(författare)
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Mixed Reality in Public Space : Expanding Composition Practices in Choreography and Interaction Design
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Although artistic augmented reality (AR) and mixed reality (MR) experiences have been discussed in multiple scholarly fields, when it comes to interaction design, comprehensive accounts of actual design practices are rare. To expand our knowledge of design practices, this PhD dissertation brings together choreography and interaction design, approaching MR as site-specific performance. More specifically, choreography as an expanded practice is used to encourage discussions about the creation of MR experiences in public spaces. The research project involved practice-based research and the creation of three public site-specific MR walks in Göteborg and Mölndal, realised in collaboration with an artistic team and stakeholders from the art, cultural heritage and information technology sectors. The dissertation shows that a choreographic approach provides concrete ways for crafting relations between time, space, bodies and imagination in AR/MR experiences, demonstrating that technology is imbued with site-specific power relations, ethics and aesthetics. These contributions are both practice-oriented and theoretical. They include an expansion of our knowledge of embodied interaction and its relevance to public space, an articulation of choreography as a broad practice that can be applied to technological design and a distinct set of composition practices for site-specific AR/MR experiences. Together, these contributions result in strategies and critical reflection on how AR/MR experiences may be used to reactivate public spaces and their political significance in society through critical, embodied and artistic techniques.
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| 14. |
- Herbert, Mikaela
(författare)
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Vindlande vägar i bostadsojämlikhetens Sverige : berättelser om marknadspraktiker, flyktingplaceringspolitik och bostadsprekaritet
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Den här doktorsavhandlingen berättar om marknadspraktiker, flyktingplaceringspolitik och bostadsprekaritet i bostadsojämlikhetens Sverige. Huvudpersonerna i berättelserna är människor som sökte asyl och beviljades uppehållstillstånd i Sverige åren runt den så kallade flyktingkrisen 2015 och i fokus är deras boendevägar – deras vindlande vägar – under de första åren i landet. De flesta av forskningsdeltagarna är inkomstfattiga, vilket gör att de har erfarit betydande svårigheter att hitta någonstans att bo – erfarenheter som de delar med ett ökande antal inkomstfattiga hushåll i en tid präglad av bostadsbrist och tilltagande bostadsojämlikhet. Men genom att kategoriseras som asylsökande eller nyanlända omfattas forskningsdeltagarna därtill av särlagstiftning, som genom selektiva åtgärder som både villkorar, underlättar och kringskär deras bostadsmarknadspositioner men också skiljer ut dem från andra hushåll inom ramen för en förment generell bostadspolitisk modell. I syfte att nyansera och fördjupa förståelsen av bostadsojämlikhetens konsekvenser i en svensk kontext studeras i avhandlingen denna partikulära position.Utifrån en etnografisk ansats och med utgångspunkt i intervjuer, samtal, deltagande observationer och policyanalys utforskas hur forskningsdeltagarnas boendevägar formas och hur det går att förstå dessa i relation till å ena sidan de praktiker som forskningsdeltagarna utvecklar på svenska bostadsmarknader och å andra sidan den politiska styrningen av boende och bosättning för kategorierna asylsökande och nyanlända.Avhandlingen visar att boendevägarna kan beskrivas som kaotiska; med återkommande flyttar, in och ut ur olika, ofta trångbodda hushållsformationer och påfallande ofta med osäkra kontraktsförhållanden. Dock framgår att de formas genom beslut som fattas efter noga överväganden, utifrån skiftande behov och med hänsyn till relationer över tid och rum. Vidare framgår att olika marknadspraktiker har betydelse för deras möjligheter att få tillgång till bostad. Framför allt hyr de bostad inom ramen för en marknad för olovlig bostadsuthyrning, där bostäderna förmedlas genom arabiskspråkiga sociala nätverk. I avhandlingen förstås denna marknad i termer av assemblage och visar på hur den samskapas i konstellationer och i interaktioner mellan bland annat bostadssökande, kontraktsinnehavare och informella mäklare; kommunikationsverktyg; hyreskontrakt; lagar och regler samt tilldelningssystem såsom bostadsköer.Utifrån en kritisk ansats analyseras förarbetena till två flyktingplaceringspolitiska lagändringar: ”Bosättningslagen” samt inskränkningen av ”EBO-lagen”. Avhandlingen visar hur kategorierna asylsökande och nyanländas bosättningsmönster problematiseras och hur en ökad styrning av desamma syftar till att inte bara lösa problem direkt kopplade till målgruppernas boende utan också samhällsproblem som segregation, socioekonomiskt ”utsatta områden” och kommunernas kapacitet att erbjuda välfärdstjänster. Analysen visar vidare att skulden för dessa problem förläggs hos individerna (på gruppnivå, som kategori), samtidigt som fokus förflyttas bort från strukturella problem kopplade till byggande och fördelning av bostäder, liksom från kommunernas bostadsförsörjningsansvar för alla dess invånare.En av avhandlingens bärande idéer är att “flyktingkrisen”, genom att sätta press på det svenska bostadspolitiska systemet, fick dess oförmåga att tillgodose inkomstfattiga hushålls behov av bostad att skarpt framträda. Denna oförmåga försätter dessa hushåll i bostadsprekära situationer där de, med utgångspunkt i forskningsdeltagarnas berättelser, i stor utsträckning får förlita sig på informella eller olovliga marknadspraktiker.
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| 15. |
- Holmberg, Lars
(författare)
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Neural networks in context: challenges and opportunities : a critical inquiry into prerequisites for user trust in decisions promoted by neural networks
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Artificial intelligence and machine learning (ML) in particular increasingly impact human life by creating value from collected data. This assetisation affects all aspectsof human life, from choosing a significant other to recommending a product for us to consume. This type of ML-based system thrives because it predicts human behaviour based on average case performance metrics (like accuracy). However, its usefulnessis more limited when it comes to being transparent about its internal knowledge representations for singular decisions, for example, it is not good at explaining why ithas suggested a particular decision in a specific context.The goal of this work is to let end users be in command of how ML systems are used and thereby combine the strengths of humans and machines – machines which can propose transparent decisions. Artificial neural networks are an interesting candidate for a setting of this type, given that this technology has been successful in building knowledge representations from raw data. A neural network can be trained by exposing it to data from the target domain. It can then internalise knowledge representations from the domain and perform contextual tasks. In these situations, the fragment of the actual world internalised in an ML system has to be contextualised by a human to beuseful and trustworthy in non-static settings.This setting is explored through the overarching research question: What challenges and opportunities can emerge when an end user uses neural networks in context to support singular decision-making? To address this question, Research through Design is used as the central methodology, as this research approach matches the openness of the research question. Through six design experiments, I explore and expand on challenges and opportunities in settings where singular contextual decisions matter. The initial design experiments focus on opportunities in settings that augment human cognitive abilities. Thereafter, the experiments explore challenges related to settings where neural networks can enhance human cognitive abilities. This part concerns approaches intended to explain promoted decisions.This work contributes in three ways: 1) exploring learning related to neural networks in context to put forward a core terminology for contextual decision-making using ML systems, wherein the terminology includes the generative notions of true-to-the-domain, concept, out-of-distribution and generalisation; 2) presenting a number of design guidelines; and 3) showing the need to align internal knowledge representations with concepts if neural networks are to produce explainable decisions. I also argue that training neural networks to generalise basic concepts like shapes and colours, concepts easily understandable by humans, is a path forward. This research direction leads towards neural network-based systems that can produce more complex explanations that build on basic generalisable concepts.
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| 16. |
- Håkansson, Calle, 1994-
(författare)
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The New Role of the European Commission in the EU’s Security and Defence Architecture : entrepreneurship, crisis and integration
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In recent years, the European Union (EU) has strengthened its foreign, security and defence policy in a remarkable way. Several new supranational security and defence initiatives have been launched and implemented, which have given the European Commission a new and central role in European security and defence policy. These swift developments are puzzling, since foreign policy and security and defence policy have long been understood as the ‘last bastions of sovereignty’ for EU member states and have thus been regarded as the least-likely cases for supranational integration. This thesis shows how the Commission has been the central driver behind these changes; it does so by conducting three focused case studies/articles to explore and explain the evolution of a new and enhanced role for the European Commission in EU security and defence cooperation during the period 2014–2023. By researching the establishment of the European Defence Fund, the EU Military Mobility project and the new policies and initiatives developed after Russia’s full-scale war of aggression against Ukraine in 2022, this dissertation analyses new competences for the European Commission within EU security and defence policy. This dissertation conceptually and analytically builds on diverse strands of integration literature, drawing on neofunctionalism, the Commission’s policy entrepreneurship and agenda setting, and crisis pressure to retrace in detail these three important empirical processes. The main contribution of this dissertation is to show how the European Commission’s initiatives and strategies have been indispensable in the strengthening of EU integration within security and defence.This thesis consists of an introduction outlining the overall research agenda and three stand-alone articles: Håkansson, C. 2021. The European Commission’s new role in EU security and defence cooperation: The case of the European Defence Fund, European Security, Vol. 30:4, 589-608.Håkansson, C. 2023a. The strengthened role of the European Union in defence: The case of the Military Mobility project, Defence Studies, Vol. 23:3, 436–456. Håkansson, C. 2023b. The Ukraine war and the emergence of the European commission as a geopolitical actor, Journal of European Integration, 1-21.
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| 17. |
- Håkansson, Julia
(författare)
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Historia och nationalism : Sverigedemokraternas och Dansk Folkepartis historiska berättelser
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis studies the relationship between history and nationalism as expressed by the political parties the Sweden Democrats and the Danish People's Party. The study focuses on how the Sweden Democrats and the Danish People's Party convey historical narratives in their party magazines, SD-Kuriren and Dansk Folkeblad, respectively, and in central party documents. The narrative theory being implemented is based primarily on the ideas of Paul Ricœur, Jörn Rüsen and David Carr. More specifically, their ideas about how people use historical narratives to understand and make meaning of their existence. The importance of a story's content resonating with its recipients, that is being able to recognize and decode the intended meaning of the story, is discussed using nationalism theory and a history didactic framework, the latter with a focus on historical culture. The results show that the historical narratives deployed by the Sweden Democrats and the Danish People’s Party exist at different levels. On the one hand, there are overarching stories that appear when the main narrative is put together. On the other hand, there are smaller narratives that are both part of and relate to the main narratives in different ways. Four main themes can be read in the historical narratives of the Sweden Democrats and the Danish People's Party. These motifs follow the chronology of the main narratives and form the basis of the disposition of the thesis. They consist, in turn, of origin stories, conquests and defeats, friends and enemies, and welfare stories. The Sweden Democrats' and the Danish People's Party's approach to history is both legitimizing and purposeful. Based on a narrative grammar, guided by the nationalist core doctrine, interpretations of the past are filtered to become part of their meaning-making practices. In their historical narratives, key symbols of historical culture are used to point out the importance of acting in the present for the future. Through a set of narrative strategies, they use history to indicate what they believe is wrong in contemporary social development, and how this fault may be corrected.
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| 18. |
- Kirkinen, Tita
(författare)
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Dental health and dental care in children in out-of-home care
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- More than 26,000 children and young people are placed in out-of-home care in Sweden every year. Several studies show that children placed in out of home care have poorer health during childhood and are generally in poorer physical condition later in life. The overall aim of this thesis was to study dental health and dental care in children in out-of-home care (OHC), through registry-based research. Paper I was a registry-based study of dental health care utilisation among young adults who as children had been placed in societal out-of-home care. These young adults had more emergency dental visits and more extractions and fewer regular scheduled dental check-ups than their peers who had never experienced OHC.Paper II was a systematic review/HTA to evaluate organisational models intended to ensure that children and young people in out-of-home care will receive health and dental care. We were unable to identify any study, of low or medium risk of bias, which examined the effects of organisational models on provision of health and dental care for children and young people in foster care and in institutions.Papers III and IV were validation studies of the Swedish Quality Registry for Caries and Periodontal Diseases (SKaPa), undertaken to determine the accuracy of the registry and whether it was appropriate for application in the next study (Paper V) and for other research purposes. For dft/DFT, the validation studies showed high agreement between the data in the patient records and the SKaPa registry. However, e/M in deft/DMFT was shown to be uncertain.Paper V was a registry-based study linking different registries, to investigate dental health and dental care in children in OHC. This study showed that children in OHC have more caries and undergo fewer dental health assessments than those who have never been placed in OHC. There was a difference in dental health examinations before and after the year 2017, with higher frequencies of assessments after the legislative amendment in 2017. However, differences remain.
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| 19. |
- Kloukos, Dimitrios
(författare)
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Gingival recession development in orthodontic patients : studies on gingival phenotype diagnostics, local and systemic biomarkers, and the impact of orthodontic treatment on gingival recession development
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Gingival recession refers to the apical displacement of the gingival margin from the cemento-enamel junction, resulting in exposure of the root of the tooth. Recessions can be localized, involving a single surface and tooth or may involve more tooth surfaces and/or teeth. Exposure of the root surface often causes a esthetic concerns, dentin hypersensitivity and increased susceptibility to root caries. Gingival recessions have been found to be more frequent in mandibular than maxillary teeth, and on buccal than lingual surfaces, especially within creasing age and have been found in persons with both good and poor oral hygiene.Several factors are associated with the etiology of gingival recessions; these are often categorized in predisposing and causative factors. A possible etiological factor for gingival recession is orthodontic tooth movement. The precise mechanism, nevertheless, by which orthodontic treatment influences the occurrence of recessions remains unclear, since bone dehiscence development during orthodontic treatment, per se, does not always lead to recession. It has been, therefore, assumed that the presence of a bone dehiscence before the beginning of orthodontic therapy is a prerequisite for the development of gingival recession. The retrospective and uncontrolled design of the available studies up to date, have not yet allowed the elucidation of the treatment- or patient- related risk factors for the development of gingival recession.The overall aims of this thesis were:• to determine whether or not orthodontic treatment is associated with the development of gingival recession and to quantify its magnitude and significance.• to document possible periodontal and systemic factors that are linked with gingival recession before, during or after orthodontic therapy.This thesis is based on 6 studies:• Paper I was designed as a cross-sectional study to determine accuracy and reproducibility of four different methods for assessing gingival thickness.• Paper II comprised an ex-vivo study assessing how well transgingival probing represents the true value of soft tissue thickness. The aim of this study was to assess differences and variation in gingival thickness when measured with transgingival probing or scanned with an intraoral device in porcine cadavers.• Paper III evaluated in a prospective manner if bone remodeling can be followed through the bone turnover markers (BTMs) in orthodontic patients. Aim was to record the fluctuation of an osteoclastic and an osteoblastic BTM [C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) and N-terminal pro-peptide of type I pro-collagen (PINP), respectively] in both the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and the serum of orthodontic patients before and after the initial application of orthodontic forces.• Paper IV assessed in a prospective process the impact of fixed orthodontic appliances on blood Count and High-Sensitivity C-Reactive Protein Levels. Aim was to elucidate the magnitude of alterations in systemic blood counts in healthy individuals and identify possible inflammation status during the first period after fixed orthodontic appliance placement.• Paper V was a prospective controlled study aimed to assess whether incisor inclination change during orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances affects gingival thickness and the width of keratinized gingiva at mandibular incisors, compared with an untreated group of participants.• Paper VI was a prospective controlled study to assess whether orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances, compared to no treatment, has an effect on the development of gingival recession up to one year after treatment.The following conclusions were drawn:Paper I• The results demonstrated the differences between the tested methods (a.transgingival probing with a standard periodontal probe, b. transgingival probing with a stainless-steel acupuncture needle, c. ultrasound and d. color-coded periodontal probe), as far as accuracy and reproducibility were concerned.• Based on the reproducibility, the transgingival probing with the periodontal probe as well as the ultrasound determination seem to present an adequate choice for everyday practice.Paper II• Transgingival probing with a standard metal periodontal probe for assessing gingival thickness is a reliable method, with values very close to the true gingival thickness, and it can thus be considered as the clinical gold standard.Paper III• This was the first time PINP and CTX have been evaluated in the GCF and serum of orthodontic patients with fixed appliances.• No statistically significant alterations of CTX and PINP levels in the GCF and the serum of patients were recorded over time during the initial stages of orthodontic treatment.Paper IV• Orthodontic fixed appliances led to a limited and transient change in WBC and Hb levels during the first days after bracket placement.• The fluctuation of hs-CRP levels was not significant, demonstrating a lack of association between systemic inflammation and orthodontic treatment.Paper V• Mandibular incisor proclination during orthodontic treatment does not appear to significantly alter gingival thickness and width of keratinized gingiva, but orthodontic treatment, overall, leads to reduction of the width of keratinized gingiva.• Whether this limited reduction of width of keratinized gingiva during orthodontic therapy has an impact on the development of gingival recessions, especially on the long-term, still remains to be elucidatedPaper VI• Evolution of recessions varied during orthodontic treatment: in some patients recession developed over time, but in several cases orthodontic treatment resulted in a reduction in the number of gingival recessions. The most affected teeth were the canines and the first premolars.• Orthodontic therapy exerted a negative impact on the development of gingival recession at 1-year posttreatment. The adjusted incidence rate was 67% higher for the intervention group versus the control; however, the severity was limited since most recessions were up to 1mm.• A long-term follow-up (5 years or more) after orthodontic treatment is necessary to provide data on whether orthodontic treatment is a major risk factor for the development of gingival recession.Key Conclusions and Clinical Implications• Transgingival probing with the periodontal probe as well as the ultrasound determination present an adequate choice for gingival thickness evaluation.• No statistically significant alterations of CTX and PINP levels in the gingival crevicular fluid and the blood serum of patients were recorded over time during the initial stages of orthodontic treatment. Moreover, a lack of association between systemic inflammation and orthodontic treatment during the first days after bracket placement was demonstrated.• Mandibular incisor proclination during orthodontic treatment does not appear to significantly alter gingival thickness and width of keratinized gingiva, but orthodontic treatment, overall, may lead to reduction of the width of keratinized gingiva.• Evolution of recessions varied during orthodontic treatment: in some patients recessions developed over time, but in several cases orthodontic treatment resulted in a reduction in the number of gingival recessions. The most affected teeth were the canines and the first premolars.• Orthodontic therapy exerted a negative impact on the development of gingival recession at 1-year post treatment. The adjusted incidence rate was 67% higher for the intervention group versus the control; however, the severity was limited, since most recessions were up to 1mm.• A detailed 3D analysis of the movement of the involved teeth presenting recession after orthodontic movement could provide further insights on the effect of orthodontic tooth movement on the development of gingival recession.• A long-term evaluation will show whether orthodontic treatment is a major factor for the development of gingival recession.
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| 20. |
- Lukkerz, Jack, FIl licentiat, 1972-
(författare)
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Sex på rätt sätt : Unga, sexualitet och svensk samtida sexualsyn
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Swedish sexuality education, mandatory since 1955, is part of general social politics, aiming among others to prevent socio-sexual problems through educating and disciplining young, future citizens. The overall aim is to examine contemporary societal view on sexuality through studies of representatives of schools, authorities and NGO’s negotiating young people's sexuality regulations related to current ideas of socio-sexual problems, and to outline constructions of young people's sexuality through the organisation of sex education. Two studies with ten years in between highlight the contemporary view on youth and sexuality through an analysis of 1) professional views on sexuality education and 2) analysis of documents regarding the new Swedish curriculum, in force since autumn semester 2022. The first study contains of focus group interviews with staff working with young people with intellectual disabilities, previously published 2014, using Theory of Social Representations. The second, newer study, using Critical Discourse Analysis as method and Rubin´s radical theories on sexuality politics as theory, analyses views on sexuality in open access published preparatory works regarding the new curriculum. Young people's sexuality is related to risks, while the idea of pleasure is absent. Young women, young LGBTQ people, and young with intellectual disabilities are made vulnerable and norm breaking, while young men´s sexuality, heterosexuality and able-bodiedness are a not scrutinised norm. Sex education is defined by professionals and experts on elite level, not necessarily linked to scientific knowledge. Equality, pornography, and consent appear as questions that engage. Equality is related to a binary understanding of gender, or a freer view on gender as a prerequisite for equality work to succeed. Pornography is understood as a problem in young men, affecting young women and promoting violence and negative attitudes. Consent is welcomed, but with lacking analyses of how to communicate it.
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| 21. |
- Malmberg, Leona, 1973-
(författare)
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Endodontic Infection Control in General Dentistry : Barriers, Facilitators, and Clinical Practice
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Apical periodontitis is a very common condition. Epidemiological research suggests that nearly 50% of the global adult population may have had at least one affected tooth and that approximately 40% of root-filled teeth may be associated with apical periodontitis. Since apical periodontitis is caused by microorganisms in the root canal system, every measure taken to reduce the microbial burden during treatment is of importance. The high prevalence of apical periodontitis associated with root-filled teeth suggests that dentists in general may have problems eliminating microorganisms in the root canals and avoiding contamination of the root canals when performing endodontic treatments. Most non-surgical endodontic treatments are performed by general dentists. It can be assumed that improvement of endodontic infection control in general dentistry could have a positive impact on the overall outcome of endodontic treatments. The aim of this project was to render a better understanding of endodontic infection control in general dentistry. Study I and II consisted of a two-folded cross-sectional questionnaire regarding general dentists’ endodontic infection control measures, sources of knowledge, and self-assessed skills. Study III and V consisted of two cross-sectional mixed methods surveys regarding dental health care workers’ experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic, and perceived barriers and facilitators to hand hygiene adherence. Study IV was a prospective observational study which evaluated endodontic operative field asepsis by assessing general dentists’ ability to reduce the contamination to a non-cultivable level.The vast majority reported using a dental dam and most disinfected the endodontic operative field. However, one in 10 did not use hand disinfectant at all during endodontic treatments. More than half of the respondents did not know, or did not believe, that the initial diagnosis affected the outcome of their endodontic treatments, indicating an underestimation of microbiological factors’ impact on treatment outcome. The majority graded their endodontic treatment outcome and their infection control adherence as good, though several admitted not fully adhering to the infection control guidelines. The clinical study found relatively high levels of contamination on the operative field in general dentistry, which indicates poor aseptic control.Knowledge, education, and a supportive work environment were perceived as facilitators to infection control. Recurring themes regarding barriers were a lack of training and performance feedback, conflicting messages and conflicting demands, and lack of resources (mainly time). Several respondents reported situations where they had felt pressured to make compromises with their infection control measures. Most based their endodontic management of patients on what they had been taught during their undergraduate training. A third of the general dentists had not attended any continuing endodontic education. The results from the included studies show that although dental professionals may have the intention to adhere to infection control guidelines, they are influenced by various other factors, which may result in nonadherence. There are also indications that the awareness of the risks of contamination occurring during treatment, and the subsequent negative impact contamination may have on treatment outcome, may be lacking. Although both dentists and other dental health care workers graded their knowledge and performance of, for example hand hygiene, as good, several other responses indicated their estimations may be misestimations. Further research into what affects endodontic infection control performance is needed, particularly regarding hand hygiene. Additional attention must be paid to the settings in which general dentists operate, as the ability to choose different measures may be limited by environmental and organizational factors. The future challenge is to raise awareness in general dentistry about the microbiological aspects of endodontic treatments and the critical importance of infection control. It would be of value to add more observational data to compare views with what is performed in clinical practice.
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| 22. |
- Pettersson, Mårten
(författare)
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Getting engaged in cooperation : Design, distance, and distributed work
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Cooperative work differs depending on contexts and tasks, whether co-located, synchronous, or distributed in time and space. New technology allows new opportunities to support cooperation. A central aspect of cooperation is the relation to individual work; when co-located, people enter and exit cooperation seamlessly. This dissertation explores how technology, situation, and context interplay in various forms of cooperation. It addresses two research questions: (1) How do people get engaged in cooperative work? and (2) How can engagement in distributed cooperative work be supported?The work focuses on ethnographic empirical studies that analyse the interaction between humans and technology across various domains. Workplace studies have been conducted in different fields. Emergency service work, truck driver's work, building maintenance workers, and visitor's technology use at a music festival. The workplace studies in the dissertation imply that field studies are conducted to document and analyse how people use technology and how this use takes place. Common to all studies is the work about activities distributed in time and space.These research findings inform the development of new perspectives, concepts, and design challenges for distributed collaboration. The dissertation discusses two primary ways to engage in cooperative work are identified: requesting and choosing to engage through shared materials and artefacts support awareness and enable cooperative work. The results identify four factors to facilitate engagement in remote cooperative environments: supporting requests and choices to engage, providing opportunities to use artefacts, promoting shareability, and incorporating awareness technology.The dissertation contributes new insights into the interplay between technology, situation, and context in cooperation. Providing design insights for distributed collaboration, and the exploration of design concepts and analysis models. The contributions emphasize the dynamic nature of collaboration and the importance of understanding the relationship between individual and cooperative work to support distributed and remote collaboration effectively.
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| 23. |
- Psotta, Carolin
(författare)
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Electrochemical (bio-)sensors operating in human physiological fluids
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis is focused on developing electrochemical (bio-)sensors specifically designed to detect biomolecules and bacteria in human physiological fluids. A more comprehensive understanding of their performance can be obtained by exposing the sensors to real human physiological fluids. Thus, four biosensors were designed and tested in saliva, plasma, blood, and urine. Specifically, a voltammetric electronic tongue, integrating six different electrode materials, was developed to qualitatively assess SARS-CoV-2 in saliva samples using principal component analysis. A tubular enzyme-based sensor utilizing incorporated cellobiose dehydrogenase in an Os(bpy)PVI redox polymer was employed for continuous glucose sensing in human plasma and undiluted whole blood under homeostatic conditions. Two different sensing concepts were developed for the label-free detection of bacteria (Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae) in artificial urine and human urine based on metabolic activity due to bacterial growth. The first sensor enabled continuous bacterial detection by reducing Prussian Blue deposited on screen-printed electrodes with wireless data transfer. The second bacterial-sensitive sensor utilized electrochemical characterization to identify three bacteria types based on artificial urine metabolic changes. For a qualitative investigation of the metabolic changes, nuclear magnetic resonance was utilized, and flow cytometry was used to quantify and correlate bacterial growth with electrochemistry. Multivariate statistical data analysis was applied to distinguish bacteria-free and bacteria-infected artificial urine. Finally, an overview of the recent advances in the field of non-invasive electrochemical biosensors operating in secreted human physiological fluids, viz., tears, sweat, saliva, and urine, was give
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| 24. |
- Robertsson, Carolina, 1993-
(författare)
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Responses to External Cues in Oral Bacteria
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis investigates responses to external cues in oral bacteria on a molecular level. Paper I maps Ser/Thr/Tyr phosphorylated proteins in relation to the general proteome in an oral commensal streptococcus (Streptococcus gordonii DL1). The identified phosphoproteins were involved in various bacterial processes, several associated to dysbiosis and development of biofilm-induced disease. Comparison against phosphoproteomes of other bacteria showed many similarities. This is of interest for the identification of shared phosphorylation profiles. Paper II studies differences between the S. gordonii DL1 general proteomes in planktonic and biofilm growth phases, and the regulatory effects of salivary mucin MUC5B on protein expression in the biofilm cells. Regulations in protein expression between the different growth conditions provides insights in bacterial mechanisms for adaptation to the biofilm lifestyle. Paper III examines the regulatory roles of salivary MUC5B on biofilm attachment and metabolic output in two clinical isolates of oral commensals, S. gordonii CW and Actinomyces naeslundii CW. S. gordonii facilitated adhesion of A. naeslundii to MUC5B during early attachment. Both bacteria were also able to utilize MUC5B as a sole nutrient source during early biofilm formation, individually and synergistically in a dual species biofilm. The specific responses elicited by MUC5B in paper II-III seem to promote commensal colonization while down-regulating dysbiosis-related biofilm activities. Microbiological studies are often focused on dysbiosis and development of disease. However, mechanisms that promote eubiosis are equally important to understand how health can be maintained. Findings associated with responses to external cues in oral bacteria may contribute to future development of novel preventative strategies and identification of predictive biomarkers for oral health.
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| 25. |
- Runge, Ida, 1976-
(författare)
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"Jag vill gärna ha hjälp, men ta inte mina barn" : Föräldraskap hos föräldrar med intellektuell funktionsnedsättning.
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Parents with intellectual disabilities are seldomly heard in research about parenting. Based on the parents’ own voices, this thesis contributes to deepened knowledge about parenting among persons with intellectual disability. By listening to twenty-three parents, my purpose has been to illuminate how parents themselves understand their parenting. The study is mainly based on an interactionist perspective and focuses on how parenting is done. To deal with the stigmatizing perceptions and to ward off a perceived threat that the children may be taken from them, the parents use several strategies. These strategies function as a way of counteracting the questioning of their parenting, but above all the parents emphasize giving their children a good childhood. In general, the parents experience that their care practices work well when children’s needs are practical and arise in a routinized close to everyday reality. With higher demands on the ability to improvise and financial resources, care is perceived as a greater challenge. Experiences of being listened to and receiving support can counteract feelings of being made suspicious and can promote autonomy and security. But the support can also give rise to feelings of dependence. This is especially valid for women.
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| 26. |
- Shafaat, Atefeh
(författare)
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Development of Wireless Biosensors Integrated into the Radio Frequency Antenna for Chipless and Battery-less Monitoring of Biological Reactions
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Development of wireless sensors and biosensors is currently experiencing a rapid progress with a substantial focus directed toward highlighting their potential applications as non-invasive wearables, implants, and highly mobile point-of-care devices. Integration of wireless biosensors into the Internet of Things (IoT) is widely acknowledged as a technological advancement with the potential to significantly change daily life. To maximize this potential, simple integration of biosensors with wireless communication elements would be advantageous. In this regard, systems functioning in chipless, and battery-less modes outperform integrated circuit (IC) based and battery-powered wireless biosensors. Nevertheless, the accessibility of these wireless designs is still limited. In this study, we present a novel approach where incorporating silver nanoparticles(AgNPs) as a part of the radio frequency (RF) tag antenna enables the realization of simple, chipless, and battery-less wireless sensing of biological oxidation and reduction reactions. We exemplified the mechanism of operation in such systems by electronic wiring of enzymes through direct electron transfer (DET) and microorganisms through mediated electron transfer (MET) to the redox conversion of Ag/AgCl. The wiring was designed to facilitate the transformation of metallic AgNPs into AgCl (Ag → AgCl) or the conversion of AgCl particles back into metallic AgNPs (AgCl → Ag) when the enzymatic/microorganism based electron transfer reactions were present. These reactions occurring on the biosensor RF tag antenna strongly changed the impedance of the tag, which was wirelessly monitored by a radio frequency identification (RFID) reader. The functionality of the proposed setup in direct electron transfer coupling of the enzymatic reactions to the redox conversion of the Ag/AgCl was demonstrated by wireless detection of glucose in whole blood samples and hydrogen peroxide penetrated through the skin membrane using the enzymes glucose dehydrogenase(GDH) and horseradish peroxidase (HRP). Additionally, the capability of the proposed configuration in mediated electron transfer wiring of microorganisms to the Ag/AgCl electrochemistry was shown by wireless monitoring of medically relevant microbial biofilms in simulated wound fluid. Generalizing, the results of this work, for the first time, demonstrated that exploiting Ag/AgCl as a part of the tag antenna allows simple, chipless, and battery-less wireless sensing of biological oxidation and reduction reactions.
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| 27. |
- Shmarina, Elena
(författare)
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Oral health-related salutogenic factors : reviewing factors promoting oral health in older people and exploring dental professionals' perspective
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The overarching aims of this thesis were to study oral health-related salutogenic factors among older people and explore dental professionals’ perceptions of their role in the practice of oral health promotion.Study I was an integrative review describing salutogenic factors reportedly associated with oral health and oral health-related quality of life in older people. A framework for identifying salutogenic factors, combining two theories of health, was developed. 58 papers were included in the review and 77 salutogenic factors were identified. However, there is a lack of studies with specific reference to salutogenic factors among older people.Study II was a cross-sectional study based on data for patients 60 years or older derived from a previous population-based epidemiological study. Several significant associations between outcome variables and salutogenic factors were identified. Of those, 13 previously unreported salutogenic factors could be added to the framework developed in Study I.Studies III and IV were qualitative interview studies using in-depth interviewsfor data collection and qualitative content analysis methodology for data analysis.Study III focused on exploring salutogenic factors related to oral health in twelve orally healthy patients 75 years or older. The findings highlighted the importance of patients’ internal resources, dental professionals, family, and society in supporting and reinforcing lifelong oral health.Study IV focused on exploring dental professionals’ perceptions of their role in the practice of oral health promotion and included eleven dentists and dental hygienists. The participants perceived promotion of oral health to be an important aspect of their professional role. They aspired to patient participation in the decision-making process and educational activities, as well as practicing and evaluating skills development.In conclusion, there is a need for consistency in definition of outcomes measures and hypothesis-driven research within salutogenic research in oral health field. The large number of salutogenic factors found supporting oral health among older people indicates the complexity of salutogenesis and the need for robust analyzing tools. Combining two theories of health was useful for exploring salutogenic factors related to oral health and for providing a plain overview of areas lacking knowledge, which in turn can facilitate the generation of hypotheses and therefore relevant salutogenic research.This combination could contribute to a more balanced image of factors influencing oral health, including dental professionals’ roles, and help identify critical next steps in determining priorities and allocating resources promoting good oral health in individuals and populations. Moreover, oral health-related salutogenic factors identified in the qualitative studies; i.e., categories, merit further exploration in quantitative research.
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| 28. |
- Sjunnesson, Helena
(författare)
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Från mäta till möta : elevers och lärares uppfattningar och erfarenheter av klassrumsbedömning
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Purpose: This dissertation aims to study how different artefacts used to assess students’ knowledge are perceived by students and teachers. A particular focus is directed towards assessment from a special educational perspective. Two research questions were posed: 1. What are students’ perceptions and experiences of different assessment practices in the classroom? 2. What are teachers' perceptions and experiences of different assessment practices in the classroom?Sub-studies: The dissertation provides a qualitative synthesis of 5 studies. Study I is a systematic research review with the aim to enhance knowledge regarding low-achieving students’ assessment experiences. Study II, directed at classroom assessment to provide information on how primary school students in Grades 2 and 5 experience classroom assessment in Swedish. Study III A aimed to contribute knowledge about teachers' perceptions of an external assessment assignment. This was, without deepening the alignment between assessment results and teaching, which Study III B aimed to focus on. Study III B is a reanalysis of part of Study III A. In Study IV, the content’s context was communication in mathematics teaching. The results revealed teachers'assessment expressions.Theory: The theoretical starting point is sociocultural theory. The choice is based on Gipps who highlights the relationship between teaching, learning and assessment, where assessment is perceived to take place in a social context. To understand the different assessment practices that emerge in the thesis, three categories of assessment: inherent, discursive, and documentary, are used. Mediation is used as an analytical tool.Method: The methodological approach is an interpretive perspective. All five sub-studies are qualitative. The dissertation provides a qualitative synthesis.Results: The results reveal a difference in the perceptions and experiences about documented assessment attributed to whether, and what consequences a low score may mean for students and teachers. Discursive assessment emerges as part of teaching. Inherent assessment does not really appear in any of the substudies.Conclusion: It is not the design of the assessment that matters for students'experience, but its contextualisation, how the meaning is mediated by the teachers rather than the assessment design. Students with special educational needs are more concerned about assessment.Limitation: This thesis can only describe the talk of assessment but does not study the assessment itself.
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| 29. |
- Wågby Gräfe, Angelica
(författare)
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Från formell till levd delaktighet : Den sociala meningen med barns delaktighet när föräldrar tvistar
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this dissertation was to disclose and critically investigate the social meaning of the children's participation in family law proceedings. The research project was specifically delimited to the world of policy, to the world of professional social work, and first and foremost to the world of the child. Using an applied phenomenology, following Schiltz sociologically grounded phenomenology, the research design includes theoretical as well as qualitative studies. In relation to the world of the child, classical phenomenologists as well as contemporary, critical phenomenologists were guiding in the orientation towards research approach and analysis of the results. The doctoral dissertation is a compilation thesis that consist of four articles, in which three have been published in peer-review journals. The first article aimed at disclosing the meaning of children's participation within the world of professional social work in the situation of family law proceedings. The second article was a theoretical study into the sedimented meaning of children's participation within the world of policy. The third article focused on the possibility of listening to the social world of the child in relation to the conceptualization of children's participation. The fourth article was a qualitative study in which children and young adults' experiences of living through family law proceedings were investigated. The four studies show that the adult conceptualization of children's participation is not properly grounded in how participation as a social phenomenon is experienced within the world of the child. For instance, in relation to family law proceedings, the necessity of assessing children's age and maturity as a sedimented prerequisite to participation is at odds within the world of the child as they are already taking part of and acting on relational matters within the family. The findings suggests that an attunement to the social world of the child as well as acknowledging children's lived participation is important if children's formal rights to participate as well as being protected are to be taken seriously.
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