| 1. |
- Sundin, Elisabeth
(författare)
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Företag i perifera regioner : Fallstudier av företagartradition, företagsmiljö och företags framväxt i Norrbottens inland
- 1980
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This is a study of how industries develop in regions that are industrially weak, exemplified by Norrbotten, the northernmost province of Sweden. Developing industries are represented by three companies manufacturing prefabricated wooden houses, situated in the municipalities Övertorneå, Kalix (Morjärv) and Älvsbyn in the interior of Norrbotten.For the period ending in 1918, the economy of Norrbotten is analysed in terms of staple theory. Thereafter, an analysis in dependency theoretic terms is judged to be more relevant. The communities in which the house factories are located are described similarly.Övertorneåand Mor j ärv are in the periphery of a peripheral region. There has never been any locally generated economic life of any importance. The house factory in the community first mentioned was established there in 1970 by AMS (The Swedish Labour Market Board). The other one was started by a local entrepreneur in the 1930's. It has changed hands several times, being incorporated into ever larger conglomerates. The third company studied was started by a local carpenter who still controls it. The factory is located in Älvsbyn, near Piteå, which has to be considered the center of the periphery.The integration of these three companies with other local firms, and their economic importance was studied in terms of their buying behavior. The method of investigation was a study of the internal records of the firms.All three of the companies showed that a decrease in the local and regional shares of their total purchases took place between the sample years studied. A comparison of the companies showed the Älvsby factory, the one locally initiated and controlled, to have by far more solid local and regional foundations than the other two. This could partly be explained by firm-related theories but the most important factor seemed to be the industrial tradition in the communities. Industrial tradition is a factor mostly determined by the position of a community in a dependency hierarchy, in part however, it is controllable by local decision-makers and individual entrepreneurs.Even for the company with the best local foundations, there was a drop in local and regional shares of purchases. The reason for this is the size of the company in relation to other local industries. The company has reached the limits of the capacity of the local community to support it. Such limits exist everywhere but their exact level depends on the status of the community and region they are in, the line of industry, the nature of ownership, etc.A series of implications for regional politics can be derived from the present study. Economic measures designed to improve weak industrial areas should be undertaken with utmost care in order not to damage existing local economy. Much greater efforts should be made to study the conditions of existing economic life and its potential for change, i.e. to study the historical development.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Audén, Bengt, 1936-
(författare)
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Bottniska personnamn : frekvenser i skattelängder från mitten av 1500-talet
- 1980
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis examines the naming-practice - particularly that of first-names - among men and women in the earliest tax registers of the 1540's from the northernmost Swedish provinces of Västerbotten and Österbotten. The aim of the thesis is first and foremost to describe, and to some extent explain, the naming-practice of the permanent population, with particular reference to the similarities and differences between the two provinces as far as personal names are concerned, and to their frequency and distribution. It has not, however, been considered possible to any great extent to compare quantitatively naming-practice in first-names with that of names in patronymics. Attention is also paid to contemporary naming-practice in, surrounding areas, especially the northern Lappmarks, and to the names of certain merchants from distant parts who were listed in the Bothnian accounts from the 1540's.The number of listed male first-names is 103 in Västerbotten in 1543 and 72 in Österbotten in 1548. Altogether, these names are borne by 2,217 and 2,787 taxpayers respectively. There was, therefore, a greater variety in naming-practice in Västerbotten, which is chiefly due to the fact that the province had more names of Scandinavian origin. The commonest first-names in Västerbotten are, in order of frequency: Olof,, Jon, Nils, Per, Anders, Lars, and Erik. The corresponding list för Österbotten is: Olof, Jöns, Lars, Per, Anders, Henrik, and Erik. The other male names are generally Scandinavian, and to a lesser extent German. Somewhat surprisingly, the Bothnian sources of this period only list the odd Finnish first-name.In the Västerbotten sources a number of men are listed only by their first-names (names without to-names). Their names were usually rare in the province. This is probably the most important reason why the patronymic is not added as a distinguishing feature at registration. Another rather remarkable method of naming according to the primary sources is what is called here the iterative name. This term refers to names which are both the first-name and the name in the patronymic, e.g. Nils Nilsson. Iterative names are found especially in the outlying areas of a parish. The choice of names there was smaller than in the central and more populous parts of the parishes. There was a strong possibility that a son would in this way happen to have the same name as his father.The investigation of female naming-pratice is based on only 110 names from each of the provinces. The commonest female names both in Västerbotten and Österbotten are, in order of frequency: Margareta, Kerstin (Kristina), Birgitta, Karin (Katarina), and Elin (Helena). Naming-practice in Kemi Lappmark was very heterogenerous, with elements of Finnish, Lapp, church, and Scandinavian names. In Torne lappmark at this time naming-practice was generally the same as on the Gulf of Bothnia. The naming-practice of the merchants was more varied than that of the Bothnian peasantry. An especially noteworthy feature is the occurrence of names of Russian merchants.
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| 4. |
- Björnberg, Arne, 1951-
(författare)
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Crystal structure studies of a new series of molybdovanadate polyanions and some related vanadates
- 1980
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The determination of complexes formed in weakly acidic aqueous solutions containing pentavalent vanadium as well as hexavalent molybdenum has proved diffi cui t due to slow equilibria and 1 imi ted sol ubi 1 i ty of especially the vanadium species. The formation of several different polynuclear complexes with a very varied molybdenum/vanadium ratio also complicates the interpretation of Potentiometrie data. In order to clarify the picture of complexes formed and provide starting points for equilibrium calculations single-crystal X-ray studies were made on crystals obtained from âqueous solutions. In addition, these studies can provide information on bonding conditions and possibly formation mechanisms for molybdovanadate polyanions. Crystals were synthesized by slow evaporation of aqueous solutions. Solutions with varied molybdenum/vanadium ratios and also varied pH values were prepared and used in the synthesis experiments. The X-ray measurements were performed with Philips PAILRED, Syntex P21 and Syntex R3 automatic diffractometers. All data sets were corrected for absorption. Five of the structures were solved with heavy-atom methods and one by direct methods. The structures were refined by computer-performed least-squares methods. The following crystals were obtained and structurally determined: NaV03•1.89H2O, which contains chains of VO5 trigonal bipyramids. Na4V2O7 (H2O)18 , containing discrete V2O74- anions which are completely surrounded by sodium-coordinated water molecules. Discrete molybdovanadate polyanions were found in the structures of the compounds Na6Mo6\/2O26 (H2O)16 , K7Mo8V5O40 • 8H2O, K8Mo4,V8O36 - 12H20 and K6 (V2 , Mo10) VO40 • 13H20. The last substance belongs to a class of compounds named 'heteropoly blues', which contain metal atoms in mixed-valence states, and has one unpaired electron on the polyanion. This compound was also investigated with electron spin resonance spectroscopy. The bonding configurations of oxygen atoms coordinated to molybdenum or vanadium are described and discussed. As the Mo4V8O368-, Mo8V5O407- (which is an isomer of the Keggin anion but has a quite different structure) and Mo6V2O266- anions all contain remnants of mononuclear molybdate and vanadate anions, it seems likely that these polyanions are formed mainly through the condensation of mononuclear species.An electrostatic model for the simulation of bond distances in polyions, starting with perfectly regular idealized models, is presented.
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| 5. |
- Bolander, Maria, 1939-
(författare)
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Predikativens funktion i svenskan : om adjektiv som subjektiva predikativ
- 1980
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The presentworkis a study within a framework of functional grammar, by which is understood a grammar that aims not only at describing variations in syntactic form, but also at identifying their communicative function. The scope of the study is limited to adjectives as predicate complements to subjects. The analysis is based on excerpts from twenty Swedish novels by different authors, and also on some spoken material. Predicate complements can occur with different types of verbs and have, broadly speaking, four possible positions in the sentence: final, middle, initial and extra-posed after the sentence. The final position in the sentence is used for predicate complements that are non-omissible, i.e. are non-omissible in order for the sentence to remain in the same context. In this position, the predicate complement is most clearly rhematic, providing information important to the communicative development of the text. The middle position is used for the omissible predicate complements, i.e. if the predicate complement is deleted, the sentence can still remain in it* s context. The initial position is occupied by predicate complements that provide inferred information. These are mostly thematic. Predicate complements in the final position outside the sentence are more independent, almost of sentence status. Variations in word-order thus affect the information structure of the sentence. These functional rules governing the placement of the predicate complements in a Swedish sentence are also valid for adverbs of manner. In Swedish, these two categories are very close in certain cases where they appear to be interchangeable.The study also shows that sentences comprising copula+predicate complement and sentences comprising verbs of the type l^igga (lie)+predicate complement partly have different functions and occur in different contexts. This functional difference can be correlated with various differences in syntactic behaviour. Verbs of the type Z-i^a+predicate complement often form a semantic unit, in which both the verb and the adjective have a reduced lexical meaning. In this unit the adjective carries the greater information value. Such units are broken by the insertion of the words där/här (there/ here). In these cases, the verb and the adjective no longer constitute a semantic unit and they regain their full lexical meaning. The sentence then has another information structure in which the information value of the verb and the adjective are equally great. Such sentences summarize and/or describe states of affairs;, they do not develope the narrative further.In a study of the function of syntactic variants, analyzing predicate complements to verbs other than copula verbs as reduced sentences is found not to be useful. Paraphrasing predicate complements by full clauses is not meaning preserving: the predicate complement receives greater emphasis and the paraphrase has other presuppositions.
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| 6. |
- Brännäs, Kurt, 1949-
(författare)
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On estimation in econometric systems in the presence of time-varying parameters
- 1980
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Economic systems are often subject to structural variability. For the achievement of correct structural specification in econometric modelling it is then important to allow for parameters that are time-varying, and to apply estimation techniques suitably designed for inference in such models. One realistic model assumption for such parameter variability is the Markovian model, and Kaiman filtering is then assumed to be a convenient estimator. In the thesis several aspects of using Kaiman filtering approaches to estimation in that framework are considered. The application of the Kaiman filter to estimation in econometric models is straightforward if a set of basic assumptions are satisfied, and if necessary initial specifications can be accurately made. Typically, however, these requirements can generally not be perfectly met. It is therefore of great importance to know the consequences of deviations from the basic assumptions and correct initial specifications for inference, in particular for the small sample situations typical in econometrics. If the consequences are severe it is essential to develop techniques to cope with such aspects.For estimation in interdependent systems a two stage Kaiman filter is proposed and evaluated, theoretically, as well as by a small sample Monte Carlo study, and empirically. The estimator is approximative, but with promising small sample properties. Only if the transition matrix of the parameter model and an initial parameter vector are misspecified, the performance deteriorates. Furthermore, the approach provides useful information about structural properties, and forms a basis for good short term forecasting.In a reduced form fraaework most of the basic assumptions of the traditional Kaiman filter are relaxed, and the implications are studied. The case of stochastic regressors is, under reasonable additional assumptions, shown to result in an estimator structurally similar to that due to the basic assumptions. The robustness properties are such that in particular the transition matrix and the initial parameter vector should be carefully estimated. An estimator for the joint estimation of the transition matrix, the parameter vector and the model residual variance is suggested and utilized to study the consequences of a misspecified parameter model. By estimating th transitions the parameter estimates are seen to be robust in this respect.
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| 7. |
- Claesson, Ola, 1953-
(författare)
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An investigation of the radiation chemistry of a hydrocarbon system and simulation of ESR spectra of triplet state molecules
- 1980
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis can be divided into two parts.The aim of the studies described in the first part of the thesis isto make clear the dominating processes in the selective decorrpositionof certain solutes that follow low-terrperature radiolysis of crystalline hydrocarbons.1. The isotope effect in the production of radicals has been studiedby Electron Spin Resonance and Gas Chromatography/MassSpectrometry in the C10H22/C10D22 system. Two independent methodshave never been used on the same system in this contextbefore. The methods gave the same ratio of protiated to deuteratedradicals.2. The isotope effect in the production of hydrogen gas has beenstudied with Mass Spectrometry in the C10H22/C10D22 system.3. The amount of reactive D-atoms has been measured in C10D22 using an olefin, C10H20, as a scavanger.4. The effect of an electron scavenger, C8H16Cl2, in C10H22 has been investigated.Two processes for the explanation of the isotope effects are discussed.a. transfer of excitation energyb. selective abstraction.The results show that reactive D-atoms are present in the C10D22 system and suggest that the isotope effects can be explained by selectiveabstraction. The effect of the electron scavenger can beexplained by energy transfer, but not entirely by selective abstraction.In the second part of the thesis, a method to simulate Electron SpinResonance spectra for the case of a Hamiltonian containing nuclearinteractions is described. The method has been applied to the S = 1 case. It is suggested that the method can be generalized to an arbitraryelectronic spin state, and to include second order nuclear corrections.
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| 8. |
- Crossner, Claes-Göran, 1944-
(författare)
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Försök till tidig diagnos av kariessjukdomen
- 1980
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the present thesis was to find a test for prediction of caries activity which would be useful in routine clinical work.Correlations between oral health, general health, food habits and socioeconomic conditions were investigated in 4- and 8-year-old children. It was found that the salivary secretion rate and the prevalence of oral lactobacilli were factors which might be useful in caries prediction.In 5- and 8-year-old children negative correlations between caries frequency and secretion rate, pH and buffer effect of saliva were demonstrated. However, these parameters showed a wide range of variation.A dip-slide test (Dentocult®), for determination of the number of lactobacilli in saliva, were investigated. The test proved to be reliable for determining of the number of lactobacilli in saliva.The clinical use of information on salivary secretion rate and number of lactobacilli in saliva in prediction of caries activity was examined in 115 14-year-old children over a period of 64 weeks. The number of lactobacilli in saliva, but not the salivary secretion rate, was correlated to caries activity. The number of lactobacilli in saliva seems to reflect the frequency of ingested fermentable carbohydrates and indirectly the risk for initiation of carious lesions. However, when the lactobacillus test is used it is important that there are no such areas of microbial retention on the teeth, as open cavities, poorly executed conservations, dentures or orthodontic bands. The lactobacillus test would make it possible to individualize prophylactic caries treatment.
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| 9. |
- Fredriksson, Bert
(författare)
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Högskolans basenheter : norm och verklighet
- 1980
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of the present work is to analyse the smallest administrative unit of the Swedish university, units often called institutioner in Swedish. These units, which have the immediate responsibility for research and instruction, are analysed in a historical-international and in a modern perspective. The latter is based on the 1977 reform of higher education in Sweden.The study is divided into eight parts. The first part deals with theaim of the study, its issues and methods. The second part consists of a historical-international analysis of the development of the universities' basic units in France, West-Germany, England and America. The third part deals with the Swedish basic units before the 1977 reform. In the fourth part the goals of Swedish universities are anlysed and in the fifth part the 1977 reform of higher education in Sweden is commented with respect to the basic units and the system with educational line committees. The sixth part deals with the attitudes to the goals of the university. This part is based upon apostal questionnaire in spring 1978, directed to chairmen of departments (prefekter) and officers of instruction (studierektorer). In the seventh part a factor-analysis is presented and the last part summarizes the results of the empirical investigations.
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| 10. |
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