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- Bexell, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Characterisation of a Non-Organofunctional Silane Film Deposited on Al, Zn and Al-43.4Zn-1.6Si Alloy Coated Steel, Part II. Interfacial Characterization by ToF-SIMS and AES
- 2001
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Ingår i: Surface and Interface Analysis. - 0142-2421. ; 31:3, s. 223-231
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) has been used to analyse the interface between a non-organofunctional silane and three different metal substrates (aluminium, zinc and an aluminium-zinc alloy). Ion etching using Ga+ ions was used to expose the interfacial region. Ion fragments from the samples were examined carefully where supposed metal-oxygen-silicon ion fragments should appear in the mass spectra. From high mass resolution spectra it was concluded that there exists an AlOSi+ ion fragment at nominal mass m/z = 71 amu on the aluminium and aluminium-zinc alloy substrates and a ZnOSi+ ion fragment at nominal mass m/z = 108 amu on the zinc and aluminium-zinc alloy substrates. These results are further enhanced by the fact that the characteristic ion pattern of ZnOSi+-type ion fragments, composed of different naturally stable zinc and silicon isotopes, in the mass range m/z = 108-112 amu showed the expected relative peak height relations. The presence of these metal-oxygen-silicon ion fragments is a strong indication that chemical interaction between the silane and the metal substrates exists and that the nature of this interaction is due to the formation of a covalent bond between the silane and the metal substrate. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Carlsson, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Friction and wear mechanisms of thin organic permanent coatings deposited on hot-dip coated steel
- 2001
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Ingår i: Wear. - Elsevier. - 0043-1648. ; 247:1, s. 88-99
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adhesive wear, generally defined as ‘wear due to localised bonding between contacting solid surfaces leading to material transfer between the two surfaces or loss from either surface’ is a common phenomenon in many sliding contact tribosystems, e.g. sheet metal forming operations. In these operations, galling, i.e. seizure of the sheet surface caused by transfer of sheet material to the tool surface, is frequently a problem since it may results in scratching of the formed sheet surface and eventually cracking and fracture of the product due to high friction forces.In order to reduce the coefficient of friction and the galling tendency in sheet metal forming operations thin organic coatings has been introduced on the market with the intention of improving the performance of hot-dip coated steel sheet. In summary, these coatings have the potential to increase the formability without additional lubrication and serve as temporary corrosion protection during transportation. In the present study, the friction and wear mechanisms of five different thin organic permanent coatings deposited on hot-dip coated (Zn and 55% Al–Zn) steel sheet is evaluated by modified scratch testing.The results obtained show that this test method permits easy and reproducible evaluation of the tribological properties of thin organic coatings. Further, these coatings show a high potential when it comes to improve the formability of hot-dip coated steel. The results obtained are discussed in relation to the identified friction and wear mechanisms.
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| 4. |
- Carlsson, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Tribological Behaviour of Thin Organic Permanent Coatings Deposited on Hot-dip Coated Steel Sheet - a Laboratory Study
- 2000
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Ingår i: Surface and Coatings Technology. - Elsevier. - 0257-8972. ; 132:2-3, s. 169-180
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The forming and handling of hot-dip coated steel sheets is frequently associated with problems such as galling, scratching and discoloration. Recently, a new generation of thin organic coatings has been introduced on the market in order to improve the performance of hot-dip coated steel sheets and reduce these kinds of problems. In summary, these coatings have the potential to increase the formability of the steel sheet without additional lubrication, the anti-finger print properties and the corrosion protection of the product. Besides, they should also provide a pre-treatment for painting, i.e. they can be classified as permanent coatings. In the present study, the tribological behaviour of three different thin organic permanent coatings deposited on hot-dip coated (pure zinc and 55% Al–Zn) steel sheets is evaluated by three different laboratory tests; modified scratch testing, pin-on-disc testing and bending under tension testing. The results obtained show that all tests yield consistent and valuable information concerning the friction and wear properties of the materials and can, therefore, be used in order to study the tribology in sheet metal forming and the performance of different types of permanent coatings. Of the permanent coatings investigated, a pure organic coating shows the lowest coefficient of friction (µ close to 0.1) and the highest wear resistance, thus offering excellent anti-galling properties. In contrast, a mixed organic/inorganic coating displays a relatively high coefficient of friction (µ close to 0.3) and a significantly lower wear resistance. Surface analyses of the tested surfaces show that the thickness and coverage of the thin organic coating play an important role in controlling friction and wear. Furthermore, a thin organic coating optimized for improved formability and handling should display: a high adhesion to the underlying substrate material, a low coefficient of friction, a high load carrying capacity and a high intrinsic wear resistance.
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| 7. |
- Bexell, Ulf, et al.
(författare)
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Tribological Characterisation of an Organic Coating by the use of ToF-SIMS
- 2003
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Ingår i: Applied Surface Science. - 0169-4332. ; 203-204, s. 596-599
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- ToF-SIMS has been used to analyse tribological induced chemical changes of organic coatings deposited on steel strip hot-dip coated with a 55.0% Al–43.4% Zn–1.6% Si alloy (Aluzink). The organic coating was a styrene–acrylic co-polymer containing different forming additives. The forming properties of the organic coatings were evaluated with modified scratch testing. The friction curves show that organic coated hot-dip coated steel displays significantly better tribological properties, i.e. lower coefficient of friction and lower wear, as compared to hot-dip coated steel. Furthermore, the organic coatings showing the highest material transfer tendency also show the highest wear. ToF-SIMS spectra show that a transfer film consisting of species from the organic coating is formed on the ball counter surface. Finally, a combination of SEM and ToF-SIMS analysis shows that mechanical failure of the coating dominates, i.e. no tribochemical changes of the coatings could be detected in the wear track.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
- Carlsson, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Tribological Performance of Thin Organic Permanent Coatings Deposited on 55%Al-Zn Coated Steel – Influence of Coating Composition and Thickness on Friction and Wear
- 2001
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Ingår i: Wear. - 0043-16.48. ; 251:1-12, s. 1075-1084
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dry lubricants are today increasingly being used in various types of sheet metal forming operations. Among these, permanent coatings, based on organic resins are the only lubricants which have the potential to increase the formability without additional lubrication, serve as temporary corrosion protection during transportation and, finally, serve as a pre-treatment before subsequent painting.In the present study, the influence of coating composition and thickness on the friction and wear behaviour of different thin organic permanent coatings deposited on 55%Al–Zn coated steel sheet have been evaluated by various types of laboratory tests. Surface profilometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF–SIMS) were used in order to characterise and model the tribological behaviour of the coatings.The results obtained show that the tribological properties of thin organic permanent coatings are strongly influenced by the coating thickness. In order to reduce problems associated with high friction and galling, the coating must be deposited with a uniform thickness, i.e. uncoated regions must be avoided. Furthermore, the addition of various types of additives can be used in order to further improve the tribological performance of these types of coatings.
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| 10. |
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